film criticism, referred to as film criticism, is to analyze and criticize the director, actors, lens language, shooting technology, plot, clues, environment, color and light of a film, also known as film criticism.
Purpose of comment
The purpose of film criticism is to analyze, identify and evaluate the aesthetic value, cognitive value, social significance and lens language contained in the screen, so as to achieve the purpose of filming and explain the truth embodied in the film, which can not only help directors broaden their horizons and improve their creative level by analyzing the success or failure of the film, but also promote the prosperity and development of film art; Through analysis and evaluation, it can also affect the audience's understanding and appreciation of the film, improve the audience's appreciation level, and indirectly promote the development of film art. Comment content
Jing Bie uses
close-up: shooting the face of a portrait and a partial shot of the subject. It can make the performance object pop out from the surrounding environment, resulting in a clear visual image and an emphasized effect. Close-ups can show the subtle emotional changes of the characters, reveal the instantaneous movements of the characters' hearts, and make the audience strongly infected visually and psychologically.
close-up: take a movie picture above the chest of the character. It can make the audience see clearly the facial expressions of the characters, or some kind of body movements, which is conducive to the detailed description of the characters' looks, demeanor, clothes and instruments.
Mid shot: Take a movie picture of the character above the knee. It is beneficial to show the body movements of characters, to explain the relationship between people, to deepen the sense of depth of the picture, to show a certain environment and atmosphere, and to describe the course of a conflict in an orderly way through the combination of lenses, which is often used to describe the plot.
panorama: a movie screen that captures the whole body of a character or the whole scene. It can fully show the whole action of the characters and the relationship between them. In the panorama, people and the environment are often integrated, which can create a vivid picture of people and scenery.
Foresight: it refers to the scene that shows a vast space or an open scene, and it is the one with the longest sight distance and the largest range of performance space among all the scenes. In TV programs, it is often used to express geographical environment, natural features and open scenes and scenes.
big vision: usually a picture taken from a high angle, which is used as a fixed shot or to indicate a wide and open space.
application of sound and painting
sound: including human voice, background music and sound
human voice: explaining, promoting the plot and promoting the character
background music: setting off the atmosphere, rendering the atmosphere, deepening the theme, and being good at lyricism
sound: increasing the sense of reality, setting off the atmosphere of the environment and expressing feelings
picture: including the character. The carrier of ideas
Scenery: expressing feelings, promoting plot development and deepening the theme
Props: portraying characters' personalities, connecting story lines and expressing feelings
Combination of sound and picture: including sound and picture correspondence, sound and picture separation, sound and picture contrast
Sound and picture correspondence: there is a picture, there is a sound
Sound and picture separation: sound and picture are described separately, There is no obvious conflict between them.
Contrast between sound and picture: sound and picture are in sharp contrast in meaning and emotion.
Color: shaping characters, creating environmental atmosphere and forming creative ideas.
Tone: divided into cold tone and warm tone.
Cold tone: The hue on the blue and green side of the color circle is called cold color, which can give people a cool, quiet, backward and far-reaching feeling.
warm colors: the colors on the red and orange sides of the color circle are called warm colors, which can give people a warm, excited, progressive and harmonious feeling.
light: modeling function, ideographic function, and external painting of characters
lens application
long lens: a lens that is continuously taken for a long time and occupies a long film, usually lasting more than 3 seconds. Long shots can maintain the overall effect and the integrity and unity of plot space and time; It can faithfully and completely reproduce the real image and increase the credibility, persuasiveness and appeal of the film; It can also render the atmosphere and express the psychological activities of the characters.
empty lens: also known as "scenery lens". A scene in which natural scenery or scenes are described without characters (mainly characters related to the plot). It is often used to introduce the environmental background, explain the time and space, express the emotions of characters, promote the story, and express the author's attitude. It has the functions of explanation, suggestion, symbol, metaphor, etc. In the film, it can produce artistic effects such as borrowing things to express feelings, seeing scenes, blending scenes, rendering artistic conception, setting off the atmosphere, causing associations, etc., and it also has a unique role in the time-space transformation of the screen and adjusting the rhythm of the film.
montage
originally, montage was an architectural term, meaning composition and assembly. Now it is a professional term of film and television, and it is a editing skill, which generally includes two aspects: picture editing and picture synthesis. The use of montage can enrich the expressive force of film art, make the content of performance clear, and achieve a high degree of generalization and concentration; It can also standardize and guide the emotions and psychology of the audience and enlighten the audience to think; It can also recreate time and space, and form a unique method of film and television commentary.
Overview
The comments of film reviews can be made on the director's unique idea, sound picture, profound truth, film's significance of the times, film music, film content, film lighting, film shooting skills, roles in the film, etc. By combining the specific content of the film with the film's conception, structure and technology, the comments can be made.
Key points
Write a good film review and sum up "new" and "strange" in two words.
steps
topics
topics are the first bright spot in any writing, and film reviews are no exception. The key to a good film review topic is whether it can be used to convey the information that the author wants to express in the film review. When writing a film review after watching a movie, we should first find a good starting point. Of course, this starting point should start with the topic. The topic of film criticism pays attention to innovation and novelty, which plays a role in making others read the topic as soon as they see it. In addition, the shorter the film review topic, the better, and 6-7 words are appropriate.
Beginning
Teachers who read the Chinese composition of the college entrance examination all have a habit of marking the paper, that is, the title-beginning-(middle)-ending. If a candidate's middle part is well written, but the beginning is badly made, the marking teacher will at most browse the middle content of the candidate, and some even don't even look at it. Therefore, the beginning is undoubtedly a very important part.
At the beginning of the film review, you can directly introduce the highlights of the film you want to write, or directly write the climax of the film, thus arousing readers' interest; You can also insert a famous movie quote, such as Bazin, Eisenstein, etc., which will add icing on the cake to your film review.
The middle part
is the core content of film criticism. In fact, writing a film review means writing an argumentative essay. Therefore, when writing a film review, we should pay attention to more analysis and less narration, focus on what you want to express, present arguments and deduce them layer by layer, but be careful not to stray from the topic, that is to say, everything you analyze in the film review must focus on your center.
Ending
We can't stop here after we finish the main content of the film review, but we should have a resounding ending. At the end, we should first summarize the main contents of the film review, and then we can express our feelings and express our understanding of the whole film; You can also quote famous sayings and express your will, so that the film review can have a good ending.
there are problems
digressing, telling stories, covering everything, having no opinions, writing "tofu", putting the cart before the horse, common sense problems and no details.
Current situation of film criticism
In China, film criticism usually considers the following aspects: ① whether the tendency and authenticity of the film are unified; (2) How personalized and typical the characters are; ③ Whether the film reflects the times with innovative spirit from content to form; ④ Whether the film has distinctive national style and creative personality; ⑤ What valuable explorations have been made in the application of film concepts and film language? ⑥ The appreciation of the film and its social effect.
Film expression
Film is a comprehensive art created collectively, and all creative members are creators of screen modeling. Relatively speaking, each department can only play a role in a certain aspect of screen modeling, and a complete screen modeling can be formed through the organic combination of the creations of various departments. In the final analysis, this kind of group creation is still based on the director's overall idea, so the director is mainly responsible for the quality of screen modeling. The main achievement of film director's work is also reflected in screen modeling.
rhythm is one of the most important aspects of film art. Film rhythm is the comprehensive composition of all elements in film art and the effect produced by acting on the audience's physiology and psychology. Rhythm in movies is not only reflected in the process of time, but also in the movement form of space and the synthesis of time and space. Film rhythm is not only the expression of artistic skills, but also the result of grasping the film as a whole and comprehensively using film means according to the needs of plot and characterization. It is the dialectical unity of local composition and overall composition of rhythm. The rhythm of the film generally exists in the plays, the director's overall idea and the lens book, and permeates the artistic creation such as performance, modeling, sound, photography, art design and editing, forming the rhythm of plot and modeling. The director, as the chief designer and director of the film, plays a decisive role in reflecting the rhythm of the film and creating the rhythm style of the film.
rhythm is basically the manifestation of artistic emotion. The physical form of rhythm is movement, and its psychological root is that the artist conveys a certain intensity of emotional pulse in his works through the special means of expression in the film, which leads to emotional shock or ringing of the audience. People often regard speed as the only expression of rhythm, and measure rhythm by speed and slowness, but speed is not equal to rhythm. Speed rhythm is just a kind of rhythm. The measurement of rhythm is not only the length of the lens, but also the regular movement changes of artistic modeling factors such as sound, line, color and shape (high, low, strong, weak, nervous, relaxed, relaxed, etc.), and their physiological feelings caused by the audience. Rhythm is the unity of subjective and objective, the unity of psychology and physiology. The infinite richness of film expression connotation, the infinite possibility of film expression means and the complexity of audience's acceptance psychology determine the infinite diversity of film rhythm form and rhythm change
The internal rhythm is the rhythm formed by the internal contradictions and conflicts of plot development, emotional waves of characters and other content elements. In movies, an important aspect of internal rhythm is the internal tension of the actors' performance and the roles they play, which are closely integrated with scene scheduling and montage skills.
The external rhythm is the rhythm produced by the movements of all subjects on the screen, the combination of lenses with various lengths, the various conversion modes of lenses, and the changes of speed, light and shadow, color and various picture forms. The external rhythm performance is sometimes consistent with the internal rhythm, sometimes inconsistent, and even completely opposite. Obey the unified artistic conception.
The Kurishov effect. In order to find out the juxtaposition effect of montage, Soviet film director Lev Kuleshov made a famous shot editing experiment. He took an expressionless close-up shot of a famous Russian actor, Mozyouxin, and put it in front of a pot of soup, a child playing games and the body of an old woman. To his surprise, he found that the audience saw the actor's "performance", that is, they showed hunger when they saw the soup, joy when they saw the child, and sadness when they saw the body of the old woman. In fact, this is all due to the combination of lenses, which makes the audience associate. From this experiment, Kuleshov came to the conclusion that it is not the content of a single shot, but the juxtaposition of several pictures, which is the role of lens combination and editing. This is the so-called Kurishov effect.
Subjective lens takes the lens of a movie camera as the eyes of a certain character in the movie to watch (film) the activities of other people and things, that is, subjective lens shooting. This kind of shot that represents the line of sight of a character in the film is called subjective shot (narrow subjective shot). Subjective shots also include shots that clearly show the director's subjective comments and subjective feelings and emotions (shots with strong subjective expression in a broad sense). There is no pure objective lens, and there will be no pure subjective lens. Subjective lens is always produced in the performance of objective lens. For example, such a typical Hitchcock-style subjective lens performance: the head of the character is injured, blood is flowing down, gradually covering the line of sight, and blood covers the picture, which is a subjective performance, but it cannot be separated from the objective process of the character's injury. Subjective lens performance is more complicated than objective lens performance, and it has a variety of application modes. Such as reactive subjective lens, imaginative subjective lens, multi-angle subjective lens, multi-level subjective lens, approximate subjective lens and so on.
objective lens generally refers to the lens that the camera takes from the viewpoint that most people have at the shooting scene. This kind of lens can make the audience have a sense of telepresence in the visual effect of the screen, and achieve the purpose of objective expression. The objectivity of objective lens includes two meanings: first, it refers to the objective reality of reflecting the object itself, that is, the authenticity of the life content reproduced by art. This is usually required and adhered to by directors when using traditional realistic creative methods. For example, many scenes of life, such as events, environments and characters, shown in films such as "Man to Middle Age" require the reproduction of the authenticity of life, that is, the visibility of life reflected by art; The second refers to the objective description of the object. This kind of objective description is inevitable in real life films, fairy tales, myths and absurd films. For example, the performance of various events and processes in the film The Journey to the West is the place where the objective lens comes into play. The purpose of using objective lens is to guide the audience to watch the picture performance of whatever meaning, which has the objective reality of the specified situation, so that the film can achieve the purpose of narration and description. In the end, they are inevitably permeated with the thoughts and feelings of editing, guiding and photographing.
an empty shot is a scene shot in which no characters appear. It is an important means for directors to elaborate ideological content, narrate story, express emotional artistic conception, change screen time and space, and adjust rhythm. There are two categories: subjective empty lens and objective empty lens. Subjective empty shot is the scenery and feeling in the eyes of the characters, which are psychological and deliberately rendered, while objective empty shot is the objective environmental scenery and cut-away scenery, which requires the authenticity of the scenery performance.
Time-space transformation technique is a means to show the transformation of certain time and space shots or paragraphs in a film, so as to create various artistic effects. Common time-space conversion techniques include: using traditional optical techniques such as fading, fading, drawing, etc., inserting a scene shot that can show the change of time, season and place between two shots or paragraphs; Use subtitles and paintings to explain the change of time and place; Skillless editing means using the direct transformation of the picture content itself without additional optical skills to show the transformation of time and space and divide the time and space paragraphs.
Fade-in and fade-out are also called "fade-in, fade-out", "fade-in and fade-out". One of the traditional editing techniques. The traditional means of expressing the space-time interval in film art. Its conventional manifestation is: the picture of the previous scene gradually darkens until it completely disappears (fades out), and the picture of the latter scene gradually emerges until it is very clear and bright.