Confucius said, "You too! Women smell six words and six covers? " Yes: "Not yet." "Go home! My language girl. Kindness is not easy to learn, but it is also stupid. If you are good at learning, your cover will swing. Honesty is difficult to learn, but its disadvantages are also thieves. If it's straight, it's not easy to learn. The cover is twisted. If you are brave and study hard, your cover will be messy. This is difficult to learn and crazy. "

The gentleman said, "Yes! Have you ever heard of the saying that there are six words and six disadvantages? " Lutz said, "No!" The gentleman said, "Sit down! I said listen to you. Kindness is hard to learn, and its disadvantage is stupidity. If you are good at studying, you will be homeless. Honesty is difficult to learn, but its disadvantage is rigidity. The words of straight men are difficult to learn, and its disadvantage is that it is eager to be unreasonable. Being brave without learning has the disadvantage of being easy to make mistakes. It is difficult to learn, and its shortcomings are arrogance and contradiction. "

This passage changed the style of The Analects itself, but it is quite similar to the Buddhist scriptures that were later circulated. Mr. Qian Mu believes that this passage was probably added to The Analects of Confucius in the name of later generations. In fact, this is also the fundamental reason why saints like Confucius and classics like The Analects of Confucius have long birthdays.

The "six characters" mentioned by Confucius here are actually six moral names advocated by the world. Confucius said, "Those who have virtue must have words, and those who have words need not have virtue." It seems more reasonable to combine the "six words" mentioned here. Where there is virtue, there must be virtue, and people who are famous for virtue may not have virtue.

The so-called "six characters and six disadvantages" is about liu de. If you don't study hard as a supplement, you will inevitably have six disadvantages. In the "six characters and six disadvantages", straightforward is easy to get sick and out of order, and brave is easy to get sick and out of order. In the Analects of Confucius, Confucius' original words at that time were "being brave and rough is chaotic, and being straightforward is chaotic." At least in terms of courage and frankness, there is basically an equal sign between being ignorant and rude.

First, benevolent people are prone to illness and ignorance.

"Kindness is not easy to learn, and its cover is also stupid."

"Benevolent people love others", this kind of love heart, without the support of studious, can easily become a one-sided woman's benevolence because of lack of knowledge.

Confucius said that learning is learning and being a man. The so-called "not easy to learn" actually hinders the growth of individuals.

Second, knowing is easy to get sick.

"If you know well and don't learn well, your cover will be laid." The word "wandering" means wandering without a home.

Knowledge means willingness to learn. I have accumulated a lot of all kinds of information in my mind. But it can't be controlled by "learning to be a man". From then on, just like Duan Yu in Eight Dragons, he was full of qi in his body, but he didn't know how to play it normally and ran amok in his body. It is omniscient but useless in learning and knowledge.

Third, the letter is easy to get sick.

"Honesty is difficult to learn, and its cover is also a thief."

The word "thief" rarely appears in The Analects of Confucius. In the fourteenth question of The Analects of Confucius, Confucius called the old man's native land-"Being old and not dying is also a thief". People who joke that they have nothing to do are like thieves in life.

Here, "good faith is not easy to learn, and its cover is also a thief", which means that good faith is not easy to learn, so it is easy to be used and hurt.

Fourth, straight men tend to get sick.

In The Analects of Confucius Taber VIII, Confucius said that "straightness and coarseness twist each other" and "too good to learn, its cover twists" are the same meaning.

Confucius emphasized "learning to be a man" in his lectures. Among them, "ceremony"-the order of heaven and earth, is a key step in learning to be a man. To act according to etiquette, we must first learn to abide by the order of heaven and earth, and embody this "order of heaven and earth" in concrete life practice. If you are thirsty for knowledge, you may not understand the world. If you don't learn well, you will only learn worse and worse and make a mess of the world.

We look at the people around us who are very honest and frank. Because of limited knowledge, they become stubborn, stubborn and self-righteous Honesty and frankness, coupled with sitting in the well and watching the sky, is what Confucius called "wringing."

Five, brave and easy to get sick.

"The brave are difficult to learn, and their covers are also chaotic." This "chaos" is a crime of rebellion.

If you are brave, you can't control it by being eager to learn, and you can't neutralize it by "courtesy", and you will easily become a person who has committed a crime and made a mess.

When Confucius traveled around the world, he didn't have enough to eat in Chen Di, and his disciples were so hungry that they couldn't walk any further, and they were almost desperate. At this time, Lutz said, "Even a gentleman is poor"? At this time, Zilu is full of blood. I want to shout with my arms, and I will fight hard. Confucius, on the other hand, can also educate and guide him with such words as "the gentleman is poor, the villain is poor, and the villain is extravagant".

Imagine that if Confucius did not guide him correctly with his own knowledge, Lutz's courage might lead to chaos.

Six, just easy to get sick and go crazy.

"It's just hard to learn, and its cover is crazy." This "crazy" means arrogant and inaccessible.

The definition of "gang" in the entry is "strong (as opposed to soft)". It is hard to say which is the real virtue, whether it is rigid or soft. Relatively speaking, Confucius advocated rigidity. However, if "rigidity" cannot be perfected through learning, it is easy to fall into the situation of "rigidity but not softness". Once it reaches the level of arrogance, it loses its core connotation as a virtue name.