Guan Hanqing's Sanqu was collected in Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Dou E's unjust imprisonment, saving the wind and dust, and single knife meeting are his outstanding masterpieces.
Bai Pu compiled his ci into a collection before his death, which is called "The Collection of Teana". By the Ming dynasty, it had been lost and the words were chaotic. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, Zhu Yizun and Hong Sheng began to arrange and publish. There are more than 200 poems in the complete works, most of which are sentimental works except for some entertainment and singing. Because of this work, we can learn about Bai Pu's career. His ci works, following the style of Yuan Haowen's long and short sentences, are ups and downs, thick and meticulous, natural and simple.
Ma Zhiyuan's works mainly reflect the pastoral theme of secluded mountains and forests, and his style is both bold and unrestrained. Wang Zhaojun's legend is described in Autumn in Han Palace and Ren Fengzi. Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty is called the best masterpiece of Yuanqu by later generations. His works are included in Dongli Yuefu.
According to scholars' research, Zheng Guangzu wrote 18 kinds of drama scripts in his life, all of which have been preserved to this day, such as Lost Young Woman's Soul, Sweet Grass Deceiving Hanlin, Wang Can Climb the Building, Assisting the Duke of Zhou in Power, and Hulao Pass's Three Wars Lyu3 bu4.
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In the Ming Dynasty, He Liang Jun said in "Four Friends Zhai Cong": "Yuan Yuefu called Ma Dongli, Zheng Dehui, Guan Hanqing and Bai Renfu as four famous people." Prior to this, Zhou Deqing in the Yuan Dynasty said in the preface to "The Rhyme of the Central Plains": "The prosperity of Yuefu is difficult to prepare, but it is related to Zheng, Bai and Ma. A new production. "
However, although Zhou Deqing was named four people, he was not named "four people". In addition, in Jia's condolences to Ma Zhiyuan in the early Ming Dynasty, there was a saying of "* * * Yu, Bai, Guan Lao", referring to Yu Jifu. The arrangement and evaluation of these writers of Yuan Opera vary from person to person and from time to time.
In Yuan Dynasty, Zhong Sicheng listed Guan Hanqing as the first writer of zaju in Recording the Soul, and Jia called Guan Hanqing "the master of the pear garden, the editor-in-chief and the head of the zaju troupe". However, in the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Quan's Taihe Yin Zhengpu was the first to recommend Ma Zhiyuan, believing that he was "superior to the pack" and regarded Guan Hanqing as "a talented person who could be promoted and demoted".
After the early Ming Dynasty, some praised Zheng Guangzu, while others belittled the other three. How to say "Four Friends": "Ma's words are old and healthy, but lack flattery, while Guan's words are inspirational and few, but white and simple. Those who owe, when Zheng first. " In "A Talk on the Songs of the King of Qing Dynasty", he thought that "Guan, Bai, Ma and Zheng are all a family".
Modern Wang Guowei's History of Drama in Song and Yuan Dynasties said: "Since the Ming Dynasty, composers in Yuan Dynasty have been called Guan, Ma, Zheng and Bai, but according to their age and attainments, Guan, Bai, Ma and Zheng are the best. Guan Hanqing stands on the side, and the words are full of human feelings, which should be the first in the Yuan Dynasty. "
Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu represented the achievements of different schools of zaju in different periods of Yuan Dynasty. They are called "Four Masters of Yuan Dynasty" and have been recognized by history. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Shizhen and others criticized Wang Shifu for not being among the "Four Great Masters", and Wang Jide also put forward the theory of "Wang, Ma, Guan and Zheng". In Qing Dynasty, Li's Yu Cun Qu Hua has the theory of "horse, king, Guan, Qiao (Ji), Zheng and Bai", but it has never been popular.
China's traditional opera art has experienced a long gestation process, gradually matured in the Song and Jin Dynasties, and Yuan Zaju flourished and developed, becoming a golden age in the history of China's traditional opera. At that time, the names of more than 80 playwrights were recorded. Four zaju writers in Yuan Dynasty, Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu, represented the achievements of zaju creation in different periods and schools in Yuan Dynasty, so they were later called "four masters of Yuan Qu".
The four masters in Yuan Dynasty generally refer to Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu. The four tragedies of Yuan Zaju are Guan Hanqing's Yuan, Bai Pu's Rain, Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty and Ji's Orphan of Zhao.
Four major love dramas in Yuan Dynasty: Moon Pavilion by Guan Hanqing, Romance of the West Chamber by Wang Shifu, Climbing the Wall at once by Bai Pu and Ghost Story by Zheng Guangzu. The four southern operas are Jing Ke, Willow, The Story of Worship and Killing, The Story of the White Rabbit, Mingyue Pavilion (not written by Guan Hanqing) and Killing Dogs.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Masters of Yuanqu