1. How to write direct speculative essays

1. Question type summary Characteristics of test questions in new speculative essays: The topics discussed in the test materials are often contained or included in the test materials Provide two or more points of view at the end.

These views are generally in a parallel relationship in structure, and generally have a unity of opposites in connotation. Speculative new material compositions can be divided into two major categories from the perspective of contradictory opposites - 1. Binary contradiction type.

The so-called binary contradiction type means that the test materials often contain or provide two opposing viewpoints at the end of the topic discussed. For example, the first part of the 2015 Zhejiang test question material agrees that the article and the character are consistent, while the second part believes that the article and the character are not necessarily consistent. The two views are juxtaposed and contrasting.

2. Multiple contradictory type. The so-called multi-contradiction type means that the test materials often contain or provide multiple viewpoints at the end of the topic, and these viewpoints may be in a parallel, contrasting, or complementary relationship.

For example, in the discussion on the rules in Paper I of the 2014 New National Curriculum Standards, the test question materials did not have an obvious emotional tendency. They just said: "This approach triggered a fierce debate among the audience, athletes and referees on the spot. Afterwards, , the relevant debates are still going on.”

Only talking about the debate without indicating the writing tendency makes the test questions full of openness in thinking. Speculative new material composition is not only a high-frequency question type in the national new curriculum standard papers, but also a high-frequency question type in other provinces (cities).

Whether it is a binary contradiction or a polynomial contradiction, there are generally three ways to write it. Benchmark Golden Questions (2017 Simulation) Read the following materials and write an article of no less than 800 words as required.

Looking at China today, the Shenzhou-11 manned spacecraft is perfectly docked with Tiangong-2, the world's first quantum science experimental satellite "Mozi" is launched, and the pure Chinese gene "African Sky Road" It was opened to traffic, and the "Hai Dou" unmanned submersible successfully dived to 10,000 meters... On the road to development, we are never afraid and have created one miracle after another that has attracted the attention of the world with extraordinary courage. In the face of these miracles, we are becoming less and less afraid of nature, justice, and conscience... Requirements: Choose the right angle, determine the intention, clarify the style, and make your own title; do not compose outside the scope of the content and meaning of the material . 2. Composition for high school students: The topic is "The courage to think"

You can follow the following introduction to carry out targeted exercises. I believe you will make progress:

Your current position: Composition>; Writing guidance>; Writing methods>; How to enhance the criticality in argumentative essays

How to enhance the criticality in argumentative essays

Speculativeness

"Thinking" "The dictionary explains it as "thinking and analysis", which is reflected in the argumentation and argumentation of the argumentative essay. At present, middle school composition teaching and learning are convinced that there is no difference in the purpose of an article, which leads a considerable number of students to believe that the shallowness and depth of the truth are irrelevant, and are unwilling to carry out critical thinking training in Chinese reading and writing. Let's talk about the essay title. This year's essay title is: Please write an article with the title "Don't say 'no' easily." Many students only write about the circumstances under which they should not say "no" easily, but do not explore why they should not say "no" easily. As a result, the article stops at listing phenomena and is not very speculative. Argumentative essays must be good at thinking, otherwise it will be difficult to enter the high division.

The dangers of weak critical thinking

If the critical thinking is poor, not only will the views you refine have no depth, but they will also be inaccurate. The so-called inaccuracy means that the essence of things cannot be reflected in the discussion. It cannot be accurate about what the provided materials explain. The issues explained by the materials, propositions, and topics themselves have objective regulations and are not based on yours. Subjective will is transferred. Only when your "subjective" and "objective" are consistent, can this word "accurate" be guaranteed. For example, there is an idiom called "A rope cuts wood, and a drop of water penetrates a stone." How can a rope cut wood, and how can a drop of water penetrate a stone? If we say: Persevere and persevere, right? Yes, but only half right. Here, in addition to perseverance, we should also be dedicated; we should concentrate on one place. In this way, "breaking" and "wearing" are possible.

If you only grasp one side, it means that you do not understand the whole and essence of things. To discuss it, of course it is difficult to be “accurate”. If you want to be accurate, you must have a certain degree of critical thinking. Be able to see the essence through phenomena, and be able to analyze problems dialectically from a comprehensive perspective, a bifurcated perspective, and a developmental perspective.

Argumentative writing requires critical thinking, and argumentation also needs to be done in thinking.

Many students feel that as long as their heads are filled with examples, they can get whatever "examples" they want when writing. "Example", you don't have to worry about anything. In fact, this is a misunderstanding. Argumentative essays are of course inseparable from "examples", but "examples" cannot replace analysis and argumentation. The power of argumentative essays mainly comes from the author's rich and vivid thoughts that make sense. In the final analysis, winning by reasoning is not Win by “example”. In an 800-word argumentative essay, how many words of "examples" can you give? If there are too many "examples", there will be less space for dialectical analysis, and it will be difficult to explain the point of view thoroughly. Many students have developed a kind of gangster logical thinking, no matter what, they will post a topic (proposition) after describing someone's success. For example, in an exercise, the topic was "respecting others", and some students just This argument goes like this: "The reason why Li Bai became a poet and was able to write the famous line 'There will be times to ride the wind and waves, and hang sails directly across the sea' is because he was able to respect others; the reason why Lu Xun became a great master of modern literature is because he was able to respect others." Others,... This is a kind of imposition. There are no examples to prove it and no dialectical analysis later. The reason why these great people can achieve these achievements must be the result of their ability to respect others. Does this mean that they cannot do it without the ability to think? Explain the truth thoroughly. 3. Learn to think critically 800 Grade 3

In the vast world, life is a series of strange footprints, gradually moving away from life to death.

Thousands of years later, maybe a white cloud will remember you, a piece of writing will remember you, a person will remember you, and a scene will collect you. But what about you? You have already disappeared, because you have passed through the years. The long road is forever lost.

Maybe you don’t know the meaning of life at this moment, because you are still alive and you don’t know how to cherish it. You feel that time is still very long, everything has not started yet, and everything is too late. < /p>

Indeed, too many ordinary days are boring, always looking forward to life, hoping that life can create surprising plots, and you just happened to walk through it.

So you are here. Wandering on the longing beach day and night, helplessly scattering lines of lonely poems into the drunken wind. You need a friend - he understands you from heart to lungs, from head to toe, from the past to the future, from spring. In autumn, from childhood to adulthood... you have been trying like this, like a bird that is unwilling to take off, looking at the other side with eyes wide open.

In fact, you should learn to give up and fly alone without restraint. Forgive each day and night, one branch and one leaf. (Article reading website: )

This colorful and quiet world is sometimes bigger than you imagine, and sometimes it is narrower than you imagine. It depends on your mind and heart. Vision and feelings.

Life is not a fragment of ripples, nor a moment of misunderstanding.

When life is dragged into the swamp of speculation by the years of suffering, you must learn to be quiet. Wait for the dawn, wait for the sunshine, wait for the wind and rain to dry peacefully.

After the tide recedes, don’t hesitate, give yourself the courage to run until you soar.

< p> The annual rings are never flat veins, but spiral upwards.

The quality of life depends on whether it has reached a certain width and height. 4. How to write direct speculative essays

1. Summary of question types

Characteristics of the new speculative material essay questions: the topics discussed in the test question materials, It often contains or provides two or more viewpoints at the end. These viewpoints are generally in a parallel relationship in structure and in a unified relationship of opposites in connotation.

Speculative new material compositions can be divided into two major categories from the perspective of contradictory opposites -

1. Binary contradiction type. The so-called binary contradiction type means that the test materials often contain or provide two opposing viewpoints at the end of the topic discussed.

For example, the first part of the 2015 Zhejiang test question material agrees that the article and the character are consistent, while the second part believes that the article and the character are not necessarily consistent. The two views are juxtaposed and contrasting.

2. Multiple contradictory type. The so-called multi-contradiction type means that the test materials often contain or provide multiple viewpoints at the end of the topic, and these viewpoints may be in a parallel, contrasting, or complementary relationship. For example, in the discussion on the rules in Paper I of the 2014 New National Curriculum Standards, the test material did not have an obvious emotional tendency. It just said: "This approach triggered a fierce debate among the audience, athletes and referees on the spot. Afterwards, the relevant debate continued. "Only talking about arguments without indicating writing tendencies makes the test questions full of openness in thinking."

Speculative new material composition is not only a high-frequency question type in the national new curriculum standards, but also a high-frequency question type in other provinces (cities). Whether it is a binary contradiction or a plural contradiction, there are generally three ways to write it.

Benchmark Golden Questions

(2017 Simulation) Read the following materials and write an article of no less than 800 words as required.

Looking at China today, the Shenzhou-11 manned spacecraft is perfectly docked with Tiangong-2, the world's first quantum science experimental satellite "Mozi" is launched, and the pure Chinese gene "African Sky Road" It was opened to traffic, and the "Hai Dou" unmanned submersible successfully dived to 10,000 meters... On the road to development, we are never afraid and have created one miracle after another that has attracted the attention of the world with extraordinary courage. In the face of these miracles, we are becoming less and less afraid of nature, justice, and conscience...

Requirements: Choose the right angle, determine the intention, clarify the style, and make up your own title; don’t deviate from it Essay on the scope of material content and implications. 5. Speculative composition

The so-called being critical means thinking and discerning, looking at the problem comprehensively and analyzing it in two parts; in writing, "discrimination" should be reflected by "debate".

In recent years, college entrance examination essays are basically topic essays. The essay questions for the college entrance examination are quite speculative.

To write this kind of speculative essay question well, it is difficult to write well without certain thinking ability and accumulation of thought and culture. How to improve students' writing thinking ability? One of the methods: From the shallower to the deeper, improve the quality of thinking. When many candidates write speculative essays, they are not completely "ignorant", but lack the depth of thinking.

When analyzing an issue, one often only sees the surface phenomenon and jumps to a conclusion without analyzing the internal cause-and-effect relationship. One only knows what it is but not why, which makes the intention of the article written remain at that. In terms of "what", it neglects to delve deeply into the "why" and lacks speculativeness. This is a common problem among ordinary candidates in their compositions.

For example, the Shanghai volume essay title: Write an article on the topic of "busy". Some candidates will only list the phenomena: In today's China, especially Shanghai, which "remains the same every year but changes drastically in three years", everyone is busy! As small as the candidates themselves, they are busy studying and reviewing day and night; as big as the leaders of the world, who are dealing with all kinds of things every day, the companies and merchants competing in the market, the experts and professors in academic research, and even the soldiers, police, workers, and farmers are all here. Busy.

Obviously there is a lack of some in-depth rational thinking, but one liberal arts candidate did a good job and gave people a "sobering pill": the article used the proposition of "what can I do" and straightforwardly stated his attitude towards "busy" The views are expressed without any concealment. The young author does not simply have a negative attitude towards being "busy", but is just "helpless".

This understanding reflects the common psychological contradiction among people today: if you are not busy, you can't do it, but if you are busy, you will lose a lot. What is valuable is that when the author lays out the phenomenon of "busyness", he deeply reflects on the spiritual food needed for human growth, euphemistically criticizes the loss of the traditional culture and morality of the Chinese nation, and discusses the importance of purifying the human soul. The beautiful realm of needs expresses infinite yearning.

The full text makes good use of short sentences and whole sentences, and the reasoning is thorough and powerful; it is narrated in a prose style, which is natural and full of changes, rational and poetic, and makes people wake up and think. Method Two: From here to there, open the "window" of association. Lenovo means starting from the requirements of the composition topic and developing an understanding and grasp of the connotation and characteristics of the topic.

After reading the proposition, candidates may wish to think about what examples in real life are similar to the facts mentioned in the proposition. If they can quickly and accurately cite two or three typical examples, the first step It's done. Of course, in order to avoid similarities in appearance but dissimilarity in spirit, we can decompose the content of the topic material. If the small points are similar, the whole must be in harmony.

Candidates should note that they should not select similar materials from a single perspective, but should associate them from multiple perspectives, expand the coverage of the materials, and make adequate preparations to reveal the essence of the problem. For example, when writing an article on the topic of "fish", one classmate thought of the story of Gongsun Yi, the prime minister of Lu State in the Spring and Autumn Period, who ate fish: Gongsun Yi liked to eat fish, but he refused to accept all the fish given by people on the grounds that he did not accept them. If you are a fish, you will have to accommodate others, bend the law based on favoritism, which will eventually lead to dismissal from office, and you will not even have the chance to eat fish yourself.

This is connected with social reality, and the story of Gongsun Yi is used to warn those in power not to be greedy for "fish" and fall into the water. They should be strict with themselves like Gongsun Yi, so that they can buy "fish" for a long time. The author then goes from here to there, we should establish such a mechanism: things that should be done will be done without sending "fish"; things that shouldn't be done will be done without sending fish.

Method 3: Innovate with the old and bring forth the new, change the perspective and think, "There are three thousand weak water, I only take one scoop to drink." There are many kinds of speculative relationships on the same topic.

Speculative compositions can also be conceived using reverse thinking. The so-called reversal of speculation is to allow thinking to form opposites and explore from the opposite direction of the problem, leading to new understandings.

As the saying goes, "The most taboo thing about an article is to follow others." This requires candidates to break away from their fixed thinking, change their thinking angle, find a new way, and write a unique article. For example, we all know the "plastic flower", which we can ridicule as bright but not fragrant, with only its own beauty.

If we think in reverse terms, we can also praise its simplicity and cheapness; although it cannot be compared with famous flowers such as peony and narcissus, it has entered thousands of households with its own color. , beautifying people's lives. 6. How to write excellent speculative essays

It has become a common phenomenon for primary school students to tell lies in their essays.

There is a strange phenomenon that children are criticized for telling lies, but they are allowed to write lies in compositions. The teacher knew clearly that what was said in the essay was a lie, but he readily accepted it and gave it a high mark.

This is tantamount to training and encouraging students to tell lies. The famous scholar Moro has a saying: Your attitude when speaking is your attitude towards life. If your speech is false, then your attitude towards life will be false.

This means that whether to tell the truth or lie in a composition is also a matter of life. The "Chinese Curriculum Standards" also clearly stipulates that writing must be accurate and not lie.

Do we as teachers have any reason to disobey? cannot. Can’t children write good compositions if they don’t write lies in their compositions? Of course not.

The reason for this is mostly the responsibility of the teacher. I am deeply touched by this.

Case: In December 2011, the awards for the third "Contemporary Education" "Yi Yifeng" Cup primary school student composition competition in Guizhou Province were announced. Lei Ziyun, a classmate of Grade 4 (2) whom I tutored, wrote " "Motherless Child" won the second prize. I read the revisions by the editorial board and the review by the reviewers.

I am deeply touched, with mixed joy and shame. In order to achieve success in guidance, I strive for perfection, so I add my "experience" to the composition guidance.

The full text is 2,000 words. The title is "Motherless children are like grass."

The editorial board changed the title to: "Motherless Child". Opening paragraph: "There is only one good mother in the world. A child without a mother is like a grass. Where can happiness be found without the mother's arms! ------- Hearing that touching song, I have a lot of thoughts: I am the one without a mother. child, I am just that lonely grass! How I wish I was the treasure in my mother’s arms! The editorial board shortened the opening paragraph to one sentence: I am a child without a mother, how I wish I could be the treasure in my mother’s arms! What a treasure! The middle section contains more than 1,800 words, which was written by Lei Ziyun in three days. The examples are real and vivid.

The layout and structure of the writing were all completed by the teacher. Modify the grammatical errors and repeatedly cut, assemble, and adjust according to the materials.

Ending paragraph: There is a song that is so well written! "This is the call of the heart, this is the dedication of love, this is the spring breeze of the world, this is the source of life! ------Ah! As long as everyone gives a little love, the flowers of happiness will bloom everywhere, and the world It will become a beautiful world!” Although my mother’s love is missing, I feel that there is love everywhere in the world! "Only mothers are good in the world. A child without a mother is like a grass. Without the mother's arms, where can you find happiness? A lonely grass becomes a treasure in the world of love and care. You cannot enjoy happiness!" The editorial board also deleted the ending paragraph. In a nutshell: I am a child without a mother, but I have grandparents and a younger brother. The three major deletions made by the editorial board teacher are so concise! I have benefited a lot.

In order to have a perfect structure, I repeatedly revised the words and sentences, using a writing method that echoes the beginning and the end of the song, and used the beginning and end of the song to impress the judges. This is why success is so adult, without those empty words and clichés. , The truth of lies. Although the editorial board did not make any changes in the middle section, it is impossible for fourth-grade students to complete the adjustment of the idea layout of such a long work.

It really took me a lot of effort, and there are few authentic things. Some words, phrases, and sentences are all the "merits" and "faults" of my instructor.

Through this guidance of primary school students' composition, I remembered the true meaning and truth of the famous saying: "Eliminate the complex and simplify the three autumn trees, and understand the new February flowers."

Teacher Lin Shengqing, a judge of "Contemporary Education", also had a written discussion in the book with the essay instructor of this year's competition: be more childlike and less mature. "...Winning awards is certainly a good thing, but if winning cannot reflect The actual level of students is not necessarily a good thing. To be honest, I have reservations about some of the winning articles in this essay competition.

Why? I rarely read those articles. When it comes to childishness, it is rare to read childish things. Many of the articles are very adult-oriented, and the structure and writing seem too mature, almost perfect.

This triggered my thinking about our primary school students. Do students really have the ability to master structure, words, themes, and expressions? Do students really have such a deep understanding of society and life? I arbitrarily think that it is impossible even if they are in the sixth grade. Excellent students should not focus on the social level.

I am not saying this to deny the award-winning essays, but to remind our Chinese teachers to educate their students. When giving guidance on composition, do not impose your own thoughts and emotions on students, do not ask students to write about people and things that are far away from their lives, and do not do it on your behalf. The most important thing in primary school students' writing is authenticity.

If authenticity is lost, childlike innocence and childishness are lost. Just imagine, if the compositions of eleven or twelve-year-old primary school students are all about big themes, big structures, and big narratives, would they still be called primary school students' compositions without childlike innocence? , only those who are mature.

This has become a very bad writing style and style of study problem. If this phenomenon occurs in the competition essays, the responsibility lies with our teachers. If you are not so utilitarian, you will not encourage others. You can get temporary fame and fortune, but it is the students who will suffer in the end.

Therefore, I firmly oppose that kind of composition guidance. In the essay about the phenomenon of overthrowing and promoting the phenomenon, I feel that the problem is very serious, and it is time for us to reflect.

..." Teacher Lin's words are really reasonable, and I have benefited a lot. Many of our instructors are doing the wrong thing of encouraging others and seeking quick success.

In fact, we as instructors know it best: without the instructor’s careful guidance and repeated revisions, how can we achieve an excellent composition? How can an original manuscript be entered into the competition? Doesn’t it seem like the teacher is not trying his best? It’s a last resort! In fact, proper pruning and polishing is also necessary, but it is better to consider how to retain the original flavor. What kind of composition is a real composition for primary school students? It should be that an essay has a childlike innocence and fun, even if the expression is not very accurate, and there are some minor flaws, but it reflects the students' real study and life, that is a good essay.

As for how to judge the "goodness" and "badness" of primary school students' compositions, it is naturally a matter of opinion and wisdom. Here, I would like to use a classic example in art teaching to illustrate my point of view.

The example is about teachers.

7. Who can give me some speculative articles, which can be memorized and used in writing?

You asked on the phone how to write speculative essays. I will use this email to briefly reply to you for your convenience. refer to.

The so-called speculation means thinking and discerning. Compositions for the college entrance examination are often required to reflect critical thinking. Without correct ideas, profound thinking, and rich foundation, it is difficult to comprehensively view problems, analyze problems dialectically, and handle problems appropriately in writing. There are no fixed rules for writing, but there are routines. So, how to make writing better highlight the speculative nature?

You can think about it from the following four aspects:

1. You must know how to be a human being.

People living in the world must abide by some rules. For example, protect yourself, respect the old and love the young, care for nature, love labor, be diligent and frugal, be honest and trustworthy, repay kindness, put others before yourself, be willing to help others, be patriotic and love your family, correct your mistakes immediately, study diligently, be open-minded, and be tenacious. No, wait. Although it is impossible for young students to do this, they should understand the principles involved. This is the origin of speculation.

Only when you understand how to be a human being can you understand the principles of composition. Articles are like people, which means that articles are a reflection of character. Therefore, people often regard "moral articles" as the same thing.

2. We must truly understand dialectics.

There is a lot of knowledge, whether we are writing articles or not, we should be familiar with it. For example, there are universal connections between things, and they will not remain static, but develop and change; quantitative changes can cause qualitative changes, chance can form necessity, and phenomena can reflect the essence; things are both antagonistic and unified, and opposition can be transformed through struggle. Become unified; things can be divided into two, the same problem can be viewed this way or that way; the whole is composed of parts, the whole can drive the parts, and the parts can affect the whole.

These contents are all old knowledge from political textbooks. You should read it frequently, understand it by heart, and use it to observe and analyze things. This is the basis of speculation.

Third, we must have a profound cultural heritage.

The article is expressed through sentences. If the words do not convey the meaning, no one will be optimistic about it. Only if the words are fluent can the readers recognize it; only if the sentences are incisive can the readers appreciate it. The readers of college entrance examination compositions are the marking teachers, and they all have profound cultural accomplishments. Ordinary sentences will not attract attention. Only sentences that make people's eyes brighten can make the marking teacher a little touched. Therefore, you should constantly accumulate incisive sentences and read classic works to deepen your cultural heritage. In addition, keep a book of famous quotes and aphorisms next to your desk and pillow, and read them casually. If you feel something, record it in a small book in time, and flip through it casually, which is also helpful. This is the basis of speculation.

If you can record one sentence a week, fifty sentences a year, and one hundred and fifty sentences in three years. In the examination room, if you can use one or two sentences, the article will be different. These cannot be replaced by others, you can only accumulate them slowly by yourself.

Fourth, you must master certain skills.

College entrance examination essays are often written in any style, but generally speaking, it is easier to write argumentative articles.

For this kind of article, the argument at the beginning should be correct and clear; the three left and right branch arguments in the central part should be guided to the category you are most familiar with; the end part should be rounded off from beginning to end, and the title of the article should be consistent; the branches should be Arguments can be parallel or hierarchical; placing important statements that express each point of view at the beginning of the paragraph can give readers a broad-minded impression; consciously use complex sentences to prove the point, such as "If...if." .", "Only." This sentence structure will give the reader a sense of "rigorous argument"; you can use "Why do you say this?" , you can use "it can be seen from this" and "in summary" to wrap up the whole article; candidates' articles generally use periods and commas as the main ones. If one or two rhetorical questions are used, it will definitely make the readers feel refreshed; the sentences are short, It can make readers understand at a glance; the paragraphs are divided into small sections, which can give readers a smart feeling.

These are basic skills, the application of thinking.

I once told your mother: "Composition is like instructing young doctors on acupuncture. It is not taught by the church. You must rely on your own perception." I hope this email can inspire you.