Kindergarten·Tutoring

●The so-called governing a country must first bring order to the family; if the family cannot teach, there will be no one who can teach others.

"Book of Rites·University" Confucianism advocates governing the country and regulating the family, which are two closely related things. There is no such thing as a person's tutoring is not good and he can teach others.

●In the third month of her pregnancy, she left the palace. Eyes do not see wrongly, ears do not hear wrongly. Sounds and tastes are treated with etiquette.

Northern Dynasties·Northern Qi Dynasty·Yan Zhitui's "Yan's Family Instructions·Teaching Children" Women are three months pregnant and go to other places. They should not see evil things with their eyes and listen to random things with their ears. They should use them for speaking and eating. Etiquette and righteousness come to control.

●When you are young in life, your spirit is unique. After you have grown up, your thoughts are scattered. It is necessary to teach early and don’t miss the opportunity.

Northern Dynasties·Northern Qi Dynasty·Yan Zhitui's "Yan Family Instructions Encouraging Learning" patent: concentration, dispersion: dispersion. This is why Yan Zhitui emphasized the importance of early education.

●The godmother first comes to teach the baby.

Northern Dynasties·Northern Qi Dynasty·Yan Zhitui's "Yan's Family Instructions·Guiding Children" It is best to teach a daughter-in-law at the beginning, and to teach a son well when he is a child.

●The foundation of the world is at home.

The foundation of the world lies in the family in "Shenjian·Government" written by Xun Yue of the Han Dynasty.

●Love your son, choose a teacher and teach him.

"Teacher's Theory" by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty If you love your child, you must choose a teacher to educate him.

●A hundred years of life, established in early childhood education.

Liang Qichao of the Qing Dynasty's "On Preschool Education" said that a century of life is based on the education received in childhood.

●If a father is good at teaching his children, he will teach his children well.

Children in "Song Xin Lu" by Lin Bu of the Song Dynasty: young children. Those who are good at educating their children must start from a young age.

●The foundation of a strong country lies in nurturing children, and children must be wise in order to be superior to others.

Qing Dynasty Lin Shu's "New Yuefu in Central Fujian" Nurturing Meng: Education and Enlightenment.

●A little success is like nature, and habits are common.

"Da Dai Li Ji·Bao Fu" Habits developed in youth are like innate habits. Once they become habits, they are difficult to change. It is pointed out here that education at a young age is extremely important for later growth.

●Talents are developed from childhood.

The beginning of "Yang Zheng Yigui gt; Preface" by Chen Hongmou of the Qing Dynasty: Beginning

● Live a life of frugality and educate your children in a righteous way.

Qing Dynasty·Zhu Bolu's "Motto of Managing a Family" Jushen: the conduct of one's own life and behavior. Righteous side: a certain standard of morality and thought and behavior.

●The beloved son taught him the right way.

"Zuo Zhuan·Yin Gong Three Years" Love children and educate them on the rules and regulations that they should abide by.

●To love one’s son but not teach him is like not loving.

Ming Dynasty Fang Xiaoru's "Doing Good Deeds" still says: still. It means loving children but not neglecting education.

●Parents who love their children have far-reaching plans.

"Warring States Policy·Zhao Ce" If parents love their children, they must make long-term plans for their children.

●If you love someone without the right way, you will do harm to someone who loves you.

"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" says: Morality and righteousness. Suitable: Exactly. Not loving a person morally is harming him.

●When it comes to a gentleman, he should love his children without respecting them, lead them without respecting their appearance, guide them with the way but without force.

"Xunzi·General Introduction" A gentleman loves his children without showing it on his face, handles them without eloquent words, and uses reason to induce them without forcing them to persuade.

●Wise men and wise men should be treated by their descendants. They should be strict with ambition, not harsh with deception; encourage them with righteousness, rather than persuade them with deception; show them frugality, not extravagance; encourage them with words, Don't waste money on it.

Wang Fu of the Han Dynasty, "Qianfu Lun·Li", wise people and knowledgeable people educate their children and grandchildren, always encourage them to be determined, rather than teach them with rhetoric; persuade them to be upright, rather than engage in treachery ; Demonstrate frugality to them instead of demonstrating luxury; give them a lesson instead of a gift of property.

●Children are free from any preconceptions and miscellaneous things. They should be guided correctly and they will not be disobedient. Therefore, they should be nurtured properly.

Ming Dynasty Wang Yanxiang's "Ya Shu·Part 1" Meng: Ignorance. Tongmeng refers to the period when children are ignorant.

●Today, when teaching children, it is appropriate to induce them to sing poems to inspire their will, guide them to practice etiquette to maintain their dignity, and teach them to read books to enlighten their consciousness.

Ming Dynasty Wang Shouren's "Exercise Meng Carelessness" satire: advice.

●If you teach children today, they will be encouraged and motivated, and if they are happy in the center, they will be unable to make progress.

Wang Shouren of the Ming Dynasty's "Exercise Meng Carelessness" cannot stop: it will not stop.

●When it comes to educating children, the first step is to organize the family, and the second step is to choose teachers.

Ming Dynasty Lu Shiyi's "Si Cai Lu Ji Yao" Volume 10: Rectification.

●When children are young, if their parents are wise teachers, they will become more virtuous in the future; if they are lenient, they will become unworthy.

Children in "Xunziyu" by Zhang Luxiang of the Qing Dynasty: the period of childhood. Future: in the future.

●There is no greater happiness than reading, and no greater peace than teaching children.

"Shi Qu·Yuan Ti Collection" to: the most.

●Love must follow its own path.

Qing Dynasty Zheng Xie's "The Second Book of Weixian Shuzhong and Shi Dimo" To cherish your children, you must pay attention to methods.

●There are no virtuous fathers and brothers inside, and there are no strict teachers and friends outside, and there are very few people who can succeed.

Song Dynasty Zhu Xi's "Records of the Words and Deeds of Famous Officials of the Song Dynasty" Cheng: become a talent. If you want to achieve success, you must have a good father and brother at home and strict teachers and friends outside.

●To educate your children, you must take the lead.

Volume 10 of Ming Dynasty Lu Shiyi's "Si Cai Lu Ji Yao" teaches his son that he must take the lead in doing it himself.

●Everyone wants to be kind to his son, but he doesn’t know how to cultivate himself, so he is confused!

"Ying Xue Ji" by Zhang Luxiang of the Qing Dynasty. People all want to educate their children well, but they don't know how to start from me. This is really confusing.

●If the children do not follow the teachings, they will definitely not be taught the right way. As fathers, brothers and teachers, we should do the same for ourselves, and we cannot fully blame the children.

"Memo 1" by Zhang Luxiang of the Qing Dynasty: obey: obey. Ask yourself instead: reflect on yourself.

●If a mother deceives her son, and the son does not believe in his mother, this is not a lesson.

"Han Feizi·Wai Chu Shuo" The mother deceives her son, and the son does not believe his mother. What kind of tutoring is there?

●If parents are majestic and kind, then their children will be cautious and filial.

Northern Dynasties·Northern Qi Dynasty·Yan Zhitui's "Yan Family Instructions·Guiding Children" is majestic: it has awe-inspiring courage and strict requirements. Compassion: Kindness. Weishen: fear and caution.

●Filial piety, loyalty and trust are the teachings for people, and propriety, justice and shame are the values ??for families.

Chapter 23 of "A Biography of Marriage in the Awakening World" by Zhou Sheng of the Qing Dynasty. People should be taught the principles of filial piety, loyalty and trust, and the conduct of the family should uphold etiquette, justice and integrity.

●A virtuous mother makes her son virtuous.

Volume 9 of "Han Shi Wai Zhuan" by Han Ying of the Han Dynasty A virtuous mother will educate her children to learn well.

●If the descendants are virtuous, they will not be rich; if they are not virtuous, they will be resented.

"Qian Fu Lun·Li Li" by Wang Fu of the Han Dynasty: If the descendants are talented and virtuous, they do not need to have much wealth; if they are not talented and virtuous, having too much wealth will only attract resentment.

●If there are those who are favored, even if they want to be generous, they will be in trouble.

Northern Dynasties·Northern Qi Dynasty·Yan Zhitui's "Yan Family Instructions·Guiding Children" If you favor your children too much, it may seem like you are giving them preferential treatment, but in fact it is more harmful to them.

●There is no medicine that can prolong your life, and it is difficult to buy wise descendants with money.

Yuan·〈Enemy and Creditor·Bangzi》Extension: extension. Qing: In ancient times, "Qing" was a title used by kings to ministers and elders to juniors. Friends and couples also used "Qing" as a term of endearment. Xian: good virtue, also refers to many talents.

●If the father is not like the mother, the son will not know what to do.

Song Qi's "Miscellaneous Comments" No: This is not the case. Ran: That’s right. This means that if parents have different opinions on educating their children, then the children will be at a loss and the educational effect will be very poor.

●It is unbearable for a loving mother to have a spoiled son.

Han Huan Kuan's "Salt and Iron Theory·Zhou and Qin" The kind mother gave birth to a prodigal son because she could not tolerate strict discipline since she was a child.

●Love is too kind, and worry is too diligent. Although it is said to be loved, it is actually harming it; although it is said to be worried, it is actually hurt.

Tang Dynasty Liu Zongyuan's "Zhongshu Guo Tuo Zhuan" loves it too much and worries too much. Although Zao is said to care for it, it is actually hurting it; although it is said to be worried about it, it is actually hated.

●A favored son is never arrogant, and a arrogant son is never invincible.

The doting and arrogance of their children by Wu Chucai and Wu Tiaohou of the Qing Dynasty "lt; Ancient Wen Guanzhi gt; Note" harmed them.

●Disaster never comes from what you hate, but from what you love.

"Queen's Proverbs" by Fu Qian of the Han Dynasty: Disasters do not arise from the people one hates, but often arise from those one loves.

●Hitting is pain, scolding is love.

"Awakening of Marriage Notes" refers to the fact that sometimes beating and scolding is actually love.

●Hate iron but not steel.

Chapter 96 of "Dream of Red Mansions" by Cao Xueqin of the Qing Dynasty. I feel anxious and dissatisfied that the person I expected does not live up to expectations.

●The father is strong and the mother is gentle, and the upbringing is consistent.

Father is strong and strict in "Book of Changes" written by Wang Fuzhi of the Qing Dynasty. Mother's softness: Mother's kindness.

●If Nufeng is wasted at home, it will be immediately obvious that he has made a mistake.

Northern Dynasties·Northern Qi Dynasty·Yan Zhitui's "Yan's Family Instructions: Managing the Family" If there is no anger and whipping at home, then the child's fault will appear.

●In the beginning, human beings are inherently good. Similar in nature, but far apart in habits. If you don't teach, your nature will change. The most important thing in teaching is specialization.

Song Dynasty Wang Yinglin's "Three Character Classic" states that if you are not taught, your temperament will change: If you are not taught, your temperament will change.

●The children in Confucius’ family do not know how to scold, and the children in Zengzi’s family do not know anger. Therefore, those who are born are good at teaching.

"Su's Family Sayings" The sons of Confucius' family are not scolded, and the sons of Zengzi's family are not angry. This is the result of the family's good education.

●The only way I teach my children is through scripture. Diligence is beneficial, but persuasion is futile.

The "Three Character Classic" by Wang Yinglin of the Song Dynasty is what I rely on to educate my son. Hard work leads to success, but playing games is of no use.

●The golden treasure left behind, how to teach it.

"Poems of a Child Prodigy" It is better to teach them to read scriptures well than to leave gold and silver treasures to their descendants.

Good teaching·Leading guidance

●Look at the reason, observe the reason, and observe what you want. How can people be so generous!

"The Analects of Confucius·For Politics" Look at his actions, behaviors, observe the things he handles, and carefully examine his habits and intentions, then everything about him will be revealed.

●If you are above the middle person, you can speak well; if you are below the middle person, you cannot speak well.

"The Analects of Confucius·Yong Ye" People with an intermediate level or above can teach profound knowledge; people with a below-average level cannot teach too advanced knowledge. Explain that teaching should be based on students' aptitude.

●Being kind to those who ask questions is like ringing a bell and knocking it softly.

"Book of Rites·Xue Ji" A person who is good at answering other people's questions is like ringing a bell: if you ring it lightly, it will make a small sound; if you ring it hard, it will make a loud sound. It means that answering questions should be moderately difficult.

●It makes people unable to be sincere and teaches people not to use their talents. What he gives is contrary to what he seeks, and what he seeks is like Buddha.

"Book of Rites·Xue Ji" contradicts: goes against the grain. Buddha: It refers to "Buddha", no. "Buddha", also known as "fu", has the opposite meaning.

●The five reasons why a gentleman teaches are: those who are transformed by the rain of time, those who become virtuous, those who achieve wealth, those who answer questions, and those who are private and courteous.

"Mencius: Dedicate Your Heart" There are five ways of educating a gentleman: like timely rain irrigating all things, perfecting moral character, cultivating talents, answering questions, and using the lingering charm of the wind as a legacy for future generations. Learned privately.

● Disciples asked about benevolence, and Zhongni answered, and everyone said different things. Because things depend on regulations and emergencies arise at any time, for example, there are thousands of ways to treat diseases, but the place of acupuncture is unpredictable.

Jin Dynasty Ge Hong's "Baopuzi·Yuye" uses acupuncture to treat different diseases and needles different acupoints. It is a metaphor that Confucius teaches people according to their aptitude and varies from person to person.

●In "The Analects", most of the questions are the same but the answers are different. This may be due to the nature of the person, or the meaning of the question and the status.

The "Er Cheng Sui Shu" written by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi of the Song Dynasty pointed out that the reason why the "Analects" asks the same questions but gives different answers is because people teach them.

●Confucius taught people according to their talents. Some taught people by politics, some taught people by speaking, and some taught people by virtue.

Each Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi's "Er Cheng Sui Shu" of the Song Dynasty is based on their talents: it means that they can teach students according to their aptitude.

●The teaching method is based on human nature.

The teaching method of "Jizhou Xueji" by Ouyang Xiu of Song Dynasty should be based on each person's personality.

●To warn against disaster, it is better to explain it with reason; to explain it with reason, it is better to understand it with the heart.

Song Dynasty Lu Zuqian's "Donglai Boyi" uses misfortunes and blessings to warn others to be vigilant. It is better to use truth to persuade and educate them so that they can understand the truth ideologically.

● Those who are stagnant will be guided to achieve enlightenment, and those who are confused will be enlightened to make things clear.

Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu's "Master Rarely Says Benefiting Life and Benevolence" A person with a slow mind can be guided to make him understand; a person who is ignorant can be enlightened to make him understand.

●Although the sage’s teachings are the same in essence and roughness, their teaching must be based on their talents.

Song Dynasty Zhu Xi's "Annotations to the Four Books and Annotations to the Analects" of the sage's principles are essentially the same between profoundness and simplicity, but when educating, students must be taught according to their talents.

●Everyone teaches based on his or her own strengths.

Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty's "Annotations to the Four Books: Annotations to Mencius" explains that students should be taught in accordance with their aptitude.

●The saints teach according to their talents, small ones become small ones, big ones become great ones, and no one abandons anyone.

Sages’ education in Zhu Xi’s “Annotations to the Four Books” of the Song Dynasty must be carried out in a targeted manner based on the different qualifications and talents of each person. If the qualifications and talents are small, they will be cultivated into lower-level talents. Those with great talents will be cultivated into higher-level talents, so there will be no people who cannot be cultivated and will be abandoned.

●People’s qualifications are different, their skills are different, and their knowledge is different. It cannot be generalized in this way.

Ming Dynasty Lu Jingye's "Answers to Students' Questions about Yang Ming's Conscience Teaching People" People's qualifications, skills, and knowledge are different and cannot be generalized.

●The sages teach people, either because of their illness, or because of their shortcomings, or because of their academic flaws, but they never stick to one word.

"Answers to Students' Questions about Yang Ming's Conscience Teaching" by Lu Jingye of the Ming Dynasty. The sage is good at teaching others according to their faults, deficiencies or biases, and never sticks to one teaching method.

●Dayu controlled the floods, and a gentleman was good at guiding people. He must guide people according to their nature, and he must control the water according to his power.

Yu, the legendary leader of the ancient tribal alliance in "Zhonglun·Guiyan" by Xu Qian of the Han Dynasty, was selected as his successor by Shun because of his merits in controlling floods and became the leader of the alliance. Good guide: Good at guiding. Enlightenment and leadership must be based on people's temperament and feelings, and water conservancy management must be based on the trend of water.

●The reason why teachers follow their nature is to learn more closely, as each learns according to his or her ability.

Xing: The natural nature of human beings. Quantity: the limit of accommodation. It means that teaching people should follow their aptitudes and characteristics and adopt close methods to further their studies to the extent that each person can tolerate.

●It is difficult to teach people, so you must use their talents and do not let them go by the wayside.

It is the most difficult thing to teach people in Zhang Zai's "Quotations" of the Song Dynasty. You must try your best to give full play to your strengths so as not to delay others.

●It is given and taught according to people. Each one has his or her own talent, and together they end up doing good.

Wang Shouren of the Ming Dynasty, "Preface to Farewell to Wang Chunfu", teaches according to people. This is teaching. Everyone can make the best of their strengths and achieve good goals.

●Know his heart, and then you can save him from loss.

"Notes·Xue Ji" Only by understanding the student's psychology can he overcome his shortcomings and mistakes.

●Those who teach will make good and save others from loss.

"Notes·Xueji" Education is to carry forward strengths and remedy deficiencies.

●If you have endless teaching thoughts, you must know the strength of a person's virtue and guide it, and especially you must know the deviation of a person's temperament and change it.

Wang Fuzhi of the Qing Dynasty's "Four Books": Strengths. Bias: partial, biased.

●Go deeper than deeper, shallower than shallower, benefit others, respect them.

"Mozi·Daqi" Use deeper knowledge to educate people with a higher level of knowledge, use shallower knowledge to educate people with a lower level of education, and treat people's strengths in a way that makes them grow. , treat others' self-esteem with respect.

●When discussing learning with others, you must also follow their limitations.

Wang Shouren of the Ming Dynasty "Zhuan Xi Lu" When discussing knowledge with others, one must also comply with the limitations of the other person's talent and knowledge.

●Those who are good at enlightening people's hearts should gradually open up what they have understood, and should not forcefully open up what they have obscured.

Ming Dynasty Hong Zicheng's "Cai Gen Tan·Xiu Sheng" is good at enlightening and educating. You should gradually make the other party understand the truth based on his understanding, and do not force him to enlighten him where he cannot understand the current situation.

●Those who teach others have the strengths of adults and remove the shortcomings of others.

Qing Dynasty Wei Yuan's "Mogu·Zhi Pian" teaches talents to cultivate talents, which is to achieve the other person's strengths and remove the other person's shortcomings.

●The master’s kindness and kindness are alluring.

"The Analects of Confucius·Zihan" Confucius was good at educating and guiding people step by step.

●When attacking someone’s evil, don’t be too strict, but think about how you can bear it.

When criticizing other people's shortcomings and mistakes in "Cai Gen Tan" by Ming Dynasty Hong Zicheng, don't be too harsh, but consider whether they can accept it.

●Teach people to be kind, not too high, and there should be no basis for it.

Ming Dynasty Hong Zicheng's "Cai Gen Tan" Don't be too high: Don't ask for too much.

●Teaching people to speak too high a theory makes people have no basis for it.

The principles taught in Xue Xuan's "Book of Readings" of the Ming Dynasty are too profound and difficult to follow.

●The words should be enough to reach the point of his wisdom, and the things should be enough to suit his temperament.

Han Dynasty Xu Qian's "Zhonglun·Guiyan" should make words enough to express the level of one's wisdom, and do things well enough to suit the aspects that one's temperament is used to, but not exceed the limit of one's tolerance and impose difficulties on others.

●Scholars have different temperaments, both strong and weak, and their skills have their own depths, which cannot be limited to the same.

Talking with Zhu Shi by Lu Zuqian of the Song Dynasty Temperament: refers to physical, psychological and other qualities, which are based on people’s physiological qualities, through life practice, under the influence of acquired conditions, and by people Personality color restricted by world view and personality.

●There are real teachings in the world, and there are real talents here.

Preface to Chen Hongmou's "Yangzheng Yigui" of the Qing Dynasty. If there are correct education methods in the world, there will be real talents.

●According to the changes, there will be no bad methods in the world; if you stick to the methods, there will be no good teachings in the world.

Sui Dynasty Wang Tong's "Zhonglun·Zhou Gong" If you understand the changes in things and do not stick to old rules, then there will be no laws that cause bad consequences; if you stick to the unchanging principles, then people will have a good education .

●Teach people to learn, and don’t stick to one side.

Ming Dynasty Wang Shouren's "Zhuan Xi Lu" should not stick to one side: it should not be limited to one aspect.

●If you are not angry, you will not be enlightened, and if you are not angry, you will not be angry. If you take one corner and don't turn it back with three, it won't happen again.

"The Analects of Confucius·Shuer" 汱 (fěi): The appearance of speaking but unable to speak. Yu (yú): corner. When teaching students, don't enlighten them until they want to understand but can't; don't enlighten them until they want to speak out but can't. If you can't draw conclusions from one example, you won't teach him any more.

●You can know ten by hearing one.

"The Analects of Confucius·Gongye Chang" means that a person with profound knowledge can understand everything and is good at getting from here to there.

●You know autumn when the leaves fall, and you can learn from one example.

Song Dynasty Puji's "Wu Deng Hui Yuan" The falling leaves know the arrival of autumn. Many aspects can be inferred from one example.

●The teachings and metaphors of a gentleman are that they are sanctimonious but uninhibited, strong but uninhibited, and open but unreachable.

"Book of Rites·Xue Ji" Fu: No. Strong: encourage. Cultivated people educate students, guide them rather than lead them to learn, enlighten them rather than solve all problems for them.

●It leads without sending out, just like leaping.

"Mencius: Devoting Your Heart" drew the bow but did not release the arrow, making a gesture of eagerness to try. It means that when educating others, one should be good at inspiring them so that they can seek and achieve what they want.

●Every time you give a lecture, you must quote scriptures to clarify the meaning and use numerous examples and edicts.

Whenever Zhang Jingxiu of the Ming Dynasty gives lectures on "Wen Zhonggong Xingshi", he must quote scriptures, grasp the meaning, enlighten people in many ways, and use euphemism to make people understand.

●If you ask, you will gain it; if you give it up, you will lose it. Seeking is beneficial to gaining, and it is up to me to seek.

"Mencius · Devoting Your Heart" Seeking: Exploring. Get: gain, understand.

●When saints teach people, they all give some clues to their origins, so that scholars can ponder deeply and learn from them.

Xue Xuan of the Ming Dynasty's "Book of Readings·Teaching People" opens: Inspiration. End: start.

●Learning also requires enlightenment, but it is not as good as those who understand it by themselves. Otherwise, they will not be able to enlighten many things.

Volume 2 of "Zhuanxilu" written by Wang Shouren of the Ming Dynasty Hua: guidance and transformation. It is emphasized that learning requires the guidance of others, but it is more important to think and solve problems independently so that you can draw inferences from one instance and gain a general understanding.

●The teaching lies with me and the satisfaction lies with him.

"The Analects of the Four Books" by Wang Fuzhi of the Qing Dynasty Therefore, teaching lies with the teacher, while self-satisfaction lies with the students themselves.

●A good scholar is a teacher who is lazy but gets twice the result, and is therefore mediocre; a bad scholar is a teacher who is diligent but gets half the result, so he is blamed for it.

"Book of Rites·Xue Ji" People who are good at learning will have easy-going teachers but effective results and will be praised; people who are not good at learning will have hard-working teachers but half-effective teachers and will be criticized.

●Don’t people want to be able to do whatever they want and be held accountable? It needs to be gradual.

"Xue Dayuan Xia" by Zhang Zai of Song Dynasty. People all have the requirement to learn certain skills well. How can we blame them? Therefore, they must be taught step by step.

●A gentleman teaches people in an orderly manner, first teaching the small ones to the near ones, and then teaching the distant ones to the big ones.

Volume 8 of "Zhuzi Yulei" by Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty A virtuous person teaches people in a step-by-step manner, teaching small and near aspects first, and then teaching far-reaching and grand aspects.

●Children focus on memorization, young adults focus on common sense, and adults focus on virtue.

Song Dynasty Chen Liang's "Preface to Chen Tongzi in Wuchuan" Young children regard memorization and recitation as their most important thing, young adults regard knowledge and insight as their foundation, and old people who have experienced the world regard moral cultivation as their most important thing.

●If you are young, if you are not accustomed to it in elementary school, you will not be able to rest assured and cultivate your moral character, which is the foundation of university.

Song Dynasty Zhu Xi's "Essays on Primary Schools" Primary School: the philology of Mongolian children. University: knowledge of the Four Books and Five Classics. If Gangsuo was not familiar with philology when he was young, he would not be able to condense his scattered mind and cultivate his morality, and lay the foundation for further study of Confucian classics such as the "Four Books".

●From class to purpose, from shallow to deep.

Outline of Volume 4 of Anonymous "Du Shi Yan Zhi" of Qing Dynasty: main part and sub-narrative part.

●Be tireless in learning and teaching.

"The Analects of Confucius·Xue Er" I will never feel tired of studying myself, and I will never tire of teaching others.

●Be never tired of learning and never tired of teaching.

"Mencius Gongsun Chou Part 1" Don't be bored in learning and don't be tired in teaching.

●Teach me earnestly and listen to me.

"The Book of Songs·Daya·Yu" Zhunzhen: Teaching is never tiring. Miao Miao: distant appearance. I teach you tirelessly, but you don't take my words seriously.

●Being tireless in teaching is benevolent.

"Mencius Gongsun Chou" teaches others to be tireless, so you must have a heart of benevolence.

●Being a teacher does not bother you, and a scholar will gain something.

Teachers must be patient and not afraid of trouble, so that students can gain something.

●Those who are good at teaching will be able to achieve success over a long period of time with untiring intentions.

Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu's "Jizhou Xueji" People who are good at teaching people can achieve permanent success with their tireless will.

●Learn and then realize your shortcomings; teach and then realize your difficulties. If you know your shortcomings, you can then reflect on yourself; if you know your difficulties, you can then improve yourself. Therefore, it is said: Teaching and learning are mutually reinforcing.

"Book of Rites·Xue Ji" Only by studying can one know that knowledge is insufficient; by teaching, one can know that there is confusion; if one knows that there are shortcomings, then one can demand oneself in turn; only by knowing confusion can one promote each other.

●A gentleman teaches one thing, and a disciple learns one thing. Success is achieved urgently.

"Xunzi·Duluo" 1: Concentration. Urgent (jí): Urgent. A gentleman teaches wholeheartedly and students study wholeheartedly, and they will soon achieve success.

●In the law of the university, what is forbidden is called Yu, when it is allowed to be called, when it is built without mausoleum festival, it is called Sun, and when it is observed and good, it is called Mo.

These four are the origin of teaching.

"Book of Rites·Xueji" The teaching principle of the university is to always take precautions before they happen, which is called precautions; to study at the appropriate time, which is called timely; and not to exceed the students' expectations. Acceptance ability is called following the order (Sun and Shun Tong); observing and learning from each other and absorbing each other's strengths is called observation. By implementing these four principles, teaching will flourish.

●There are many skills to teach. Those who give disdainful teachings are just teachings.

"Mencius: Gao Zixia" There are many ways to educate. I don't bother to teach him. This is also a kind of teaching.

●There are four mistakes made by scholars, and teachers must know them. When people learn, they may lose a lot, they may lose a few, they may lose it easily, or they may stop it.

"Book of Rites·Scholar" There are four shortcomings in those who learn, and those who teach must know it. When it comes to knowledge, some people lose it because they are greedy for too much, some people lose it because they have too little, some people lose it because it is too easy, and some people lose it because they only try briefly.

●If you say it without knowing it, you can give it up.

If the "Book of Rites·Xue Ji" has been explained but the other party does not know it yet, then the things explained should be discarded.

●The sage uses his enlightenment to make others enlighten, but now he uses his dimness to make others enlighten.

"Mencius: Try your best" Zhao Zhao: I understand. Dim: blurry. A virtuous person understands everything himself before he teaches others to understand. Today's people don't understand it themselves, but they want to make others understand it. (How can it be done?)

●Perception first and knowledge later, awareness first and awareness later.

"Mencius: Ten Thousand Chapters 1" Let those who understand things first to enlighten those who have not yet understood things, and let those who are awakened first to awaken those who have not yet awakened.

●If you want to understand others, you must first understand yourself.

Qing Dynasty Wang Fuzhi's "Four Books" If you want to teach people to understand things, you must first understand the principles of painting.

●Great craftsmen must follow rules when teaching, and scholars must also follow rules.

"Mencius Gaozi 1" Master Craftsman: A skilled carpenter. Rules: rules and regulations. Two tools for correcting circles and squares. Clarify that both teaching and learning must follow rules.

●If you treat a disciple as if you are yourself, but teach yourself, you will gain the feeling of being taught.

"Lu's Spring and Autumn Period·False" Treat students as you treat yourself and put yourself in the position of students to educate students. This will grasp the reality of education.

●There has to be a way, and then it can be done. If the teacher is abandoned, there is no way to teach, and if the disciple is abandoned, there is no way to learn.

She: give up. It’s: this, this.

●Teaching without a purpose, even if you have good words, is a mess without a clue.

Good words in "The Case of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty·Fa Fan" by Huang Zongxi of the Qing Dynasty: beautiful words. Lectures have no clear purpose, and no matter how well they are said, they are just tangled threads without a clue.

●If you want to educate people, you must start from the heart; if you want to teach from the heart, there is no other way besides reading and understanding.

The "Strange Current Situation Witnessed in Twenty Years" by Wu Jianren of the Qing Dynasty said that educating people must start from the ideological point of view and teach people to read and understand.

●Teaching books does not mean you have many students, but you need proficiency.

Wang Shouren of the Ming Dynasty's "Zhuan Xi Lu" teaches that knowledge is not a vain pursuit of too much, but what is valuable is refinement and familiarity.

●The power of teaching is limited, but the power of practice is endless.

Yan Yuan of the Qing Dynasty's "General Commentary on Confucian Lectures" has limited teaching efforts, but its practical application is unlimited.

Cultivation of Morality·Education of Wisdom

●Aim for Tao, base on virtue, rely on benevolence, and wander in art.

"The Analects of Confucius·Shuer" focuses on Tao, is based on virtue, relies on benevolence, and moves among the six arts.

●If virtue is not cultivated, if learning is not taught, I am worried that I will not be able to move after hearing the righteousness, and I will not be able to correct my bad deeds.

"The Analects of Confucius·Shuer" If you don't cultivate your moral character, don't pay attention to your knowledge, and don't obey morality, you won't be able to quickly correct your shortcomings. These are what I am worried about.

●If you are stubborn but not eager to learn, you will be mad.

"The Analects of Confucius Yang Huo" Hao: Hobby. Gang: Willful for one's own use. Hidden: Problems .Crazy: arrogant. Being stubborn and self-indulgent but not easy to learn, the problem is arrogance.

● Being straight-forward but not easy to learn is the reason for being blind.

"The Analects of Confucius·Yang Huo" Zhi: frank. Jiao: eager. Being frank but not easy to learn, the problem is impatience.

●Good faith is hard to learn, which is also a shield. Thief.

"The Analects of Confucius·Yang Huo" letter: faithfulness. Thief: thief harms. The problem of only talking about faithfulness without learning is harmful to things.

●It is good to know but not to learn. , its concealment is also debauchery.

"The Analects of Confucius·Yang Huo" knows: the same as "wisdom". Dang: debauchery. If you only love wisdom but not learning, the problem is frivolity and debauchery.

●If you love benevolence but don’t like learning, you will be fooled.

"The Analects of Confucius Yanghuo" benevolence means benevolence. Stupidity means stupidity. If you only talk about benevolence but don’t love learning, the defect is stupidity.

●The sky sees its brightness, the earth sees its light, and a gentleman values ??all of it.

"Xunzi Encouraging Learning" says: Same as "appear", appear. Light: pass "guang".

●Those who do not have good moral character cannot be ambitious; those who do not have great talents cannot be far-sighted.

Han Wang Chong's "Lun Heng·Bie Lun" People who do not have noble moral character cannot be ambitious. Ambition; people with little talent will not have broad knowledge.

●Every line is led by virtue.

Southern Dynasties·Song Dynasty·Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Xian Yuan" All conduct; morality is the most important.

●Benevolence and righteousness are the foundation of education.

The foundation of education in Sui Dynasty Wang Tong's "Zhongshuo·Liyue" lies in benevolence and righteousness.

●Morality is important to the people. The ancient teachers all put it first.

Song Dynasty Zhu Xi's "Private Discussion on School Tribute Examination" Morality is very important to people, so in ancient times, There is no teacher at that time who did not put this in the first place.

●When teaching people to govern others, it is appropriate for everyone to put integrity first.

Song Dynasty Wang Anshi's "Hong Fan Zhuan" Governance: Management .

●In schools, the only thing to do is to achieve virtue.

In "Reply to Gu Dongqiao" written by Wang Shouren of the Ming Dynasty, Cheng De: perfecting one's virtues.

●Scholars must first look at moral instruments. If moral instruments are deep, they must be big; if moral instruments are shallow, even if they are successful, they will be small.

Qing Dynasty Zhang Luxiang's "Memo 2" Moral Instruments: Moral Instruments.

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●What is the purpose of education? It is just to make people a complete person.

Qing Dynasty Wang Guowei's "On the Purpose of Education" A perfect person: refers to a comprehensively developed person.

●The actual facts of virtue are all in the six arts. If the arts are lost, all virtues will be lost.

Volume 2 of Li Kuan's "Academic Professions" of the Qing Dynasty. The six arts: refers to the six skills learned in ancient times, namely etiquette. Leshe Yushu number.

●Put moral education first.

Qing Dynasty Kang Youwei's "Book of Datong" should take the education of political ideology and moral character as the first priority.

●In addition to nourishing the body and developing the mind, moral education is also important.

Kang Youwei of the Qing Dynasty's "Book of Datong" nourishes the body: nourishes the body. Enlighten the mind: Enlighten and develop intelligence.

●Learning must be based on morality.

Yuan·Wucheng's "Thatched Cottage Study Case" must be based on the cultivation of moral temperament.

●Morality comes first, and skill comes down.

"Book of Rites and Music": First place. Bottom: Second.

●Practice with morality as the first priority and literature and art as the last priority.

Yuan Dynasty Zheng Yu's "Preface to Sending Tang Zhongshi to the Township Examination" Literature and Art: Article Skills. Moral character is the foundation, and writing skills are secondary.

●Virtue is the foundation of one’s business, and one’s virtue is the work of one’s business. Virtue will be improved and karma will be improved, and karma will be improved and virtue will be improved.

"Memo Three" by Zhang Luxiang of the Qing Dynasty: knowledge, skills, and career. With: displayed. Repair: perfect through training.

●Students take diligent study as their first priority, especially their character.

Zhang Zhidong of the Qing Dynasty's "Jiang Kai and others from Zhazhi County were appointed as members of the Military Preparatory School Inspection Committee" to establish their character: to establish quality. First: first.

●People must be educated, and then they have knowledge. Knowledge is power. The effectiveness of power is greater than money.

Qing Dynasty Rong Hong's "The Spread of Western Learning to the East" points out that knowledge is power, and people who are educated and talented are strong.

●People’s stupidity and unkindness are also caused by unprepared wisdom and education.

Kang Youwei of the Qing Dynasty's "Book of Datong" states that people's ignorance and lack of talent are caused by incomplete intellectual education.

●Those who are good at educating will be able to pay attention to the morality of their students in order to develop their beautiful character. Otherwise, just teaching students knowledge and claiming to be capable of doing things is all that goes to the extreme, but it will only make the students a capable encyclopedia or a spiritual parrot ear, which is very valuable.

Qing Dynasty Rong Hong's "The Spread of Western Learning to the East" emphasizes the important role of moral education in shaping talents, and points out that ignoring it can only create nerds and garrulous people.

●Emphasis on spirit and moral education.

Spirit in "The Biography of Mr. Nanhai Kang" by Liang Qichao of the Qing Dynasty: refers to people's consciousness, thinking activities and general psychological state, and also refers to mentality and style. Expensive: respected.

●Literary talent nourishes the eyes, sounds nourish the ears, majesty and manners nourish the four bodies, singing and dancing nourish the blood, and principles nourish the heart.

Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi of the Song Dynasty put forward five measures that are beneficial to physical and mental development.

●Citizens must have new morals, new ideas, and new spirit.

Liang Qichao's "New People's Theory" of the Qing Dynasty This is the core of Liang Qichao's New People's Theory.

●Today’s discussion of the effectiveness of a country’s prosperity is based on the physical strength of its people.

"Yuan Qiang" by Yan Fu of the Qing Dynasty People today talk about the effective way to make a country prosperous and strong, and believe that a strong body is its foundation.

●Xuegui focuses on health and happiness.

Kang Youwei of the Qing Dynasty's "Book of Datong" maintains health and happiness: cultivate the body and mind to make them healthy and happy.

●Foreign education must include gymnastics, so strengthen one’s body, strengthen one’s courage, and cultivate the will not to be afraid of powerful enemies and not to be frightened by thunder. Then, one can clear the country from internal disasters and resist powerful enemies from outside. .

Qing Dynasty Liang Qichao's "On the Relationship between Coup d'état and China's Survival" Qing Dynasty: Cleared.

●Aesthetic educators, on the one hand, develop people's emotions to reach the realm of perfection; on the other hand, they are a means of moral and intellectual education.