The source of this classical Chinese is Xue Ji, and the author is Han Yu.
Original text:
Mr. Guo Zi went to imperial academy in the morning and invited all the students to build a library. He said, "Industry is diligent, but it is barren; What I did was thought, but it was destroyed. The sages met today, and the fixture was finished. Pull out evil spirits and worship good. The ratio of small good people is recorded, and those who are famous for their technology are useless. Climb, scrape and polish. Guy was lucky to be elected, but which cloud is more than the others? Not all students are proficient, and there is no ignorance of the department; If you can't succeed in doing things, you won't suffer. "
Before speaking, someone laughed at the column and said, "Sir, you are lying to me! Disciple, I have been here for many years. Teacher Wang never stops talking about six arts, and his hand is constantly covered with the compilation of "A Hundred Schools of Thought contend". The chronicler must mention his main points, and the fabricator must hook up his mystery. There are too many things and too few donations. Burn ointment and oil and continue to live in poverty. A gentleman's business can be described as diligence.
Reject heresy and despise Buddha. Make amends and make a fool of yourself. Looking for that boundless mood, looking for it lonely and far away. The obstacle ran all the way to the east, and the tide turned back. Mr. Wang is a great help to Confucianism.
Immersed in depression, he is full of books as articles. Ruler Hans Robert Jauss, boundless; Zhou Chen, Yin "Pan", twisted; Spring and Autumn Annals is rigorous, while Left is grandiose. "Yi" is strange and law, "poetry" is rigid and beautiful; Catch "Zhuang" and "Sao", recorded by Taishi; Ziyun, like each other, is a different song. Mr. Yu Wen can be said to be in it and in it.
Learn less and be brave; Long-term communication in the square is suitable for both sides. As a man, Mr Wang Can can be said to be successful.
However, the public does not take people, and the private does not help friends. Postscript, it is easy to be accused. He fled to the south temporarily. Doctor for three years, there is no cure for redundant staff. When will life be defeated? Warm in winter and cool in summer, young and strong, and my wife is hungry. It's no good to die if your head is bad and your teeth are bad. I don't know this, but instead of teaching people? "
The gentleman said, "Hey, before my son comes! Big wood is a shovel, fine wood is a shovel, and shovel, short, shovel, shovel and wedge are all suitable, which is also the work of craftsmen. Jade Zagreb, cinnabar, red arrow, cymbidium, cattle, Mabo, and drumsticks of the defeated army are all collected, and good doctors are not used. When choosing a public office, the others are beautiful and outstanding, learning short and long, but the instrument is correct and the prime minister is also a party. In the past, Monk was very argumentative and had a clear channel. He was old enough to travel around the world. Xun Qing is upright, and the great theory is great. He fled to the state of Chu and abandoned Lanling. He is a second Confucian, taking words as the classics and feet as the law, leaving his family and entering the sanctuary in a unique way. What happened to him in this world? Although Mr. Jin is diligent in learning, he doesn't want to learn from it. Although he has many words, he doesn't want to use them. Although his writing is strange and useless, his practice is not seen by the public. Still spend a lot of money every month, very anxious; Children don't know how to plow, and women don't know how to weave; Take a horse and follow the apprentice, sit and eat. As usual, I watched Chen Shui-bian steal things. However, if the Lord does not punish, I will not see it. Isn't this his luck? If you move, you will slander, and the name will follow. It is appropriate to throw idle powder. The loss of business, money and bribes refers to the shortcomings of predecessors in the name of attaching importance to class capital and forgetting their own quantity. The so-called craftsman's fault is not an embarrassment. The doctor wants to lead the year to the sun and wants to enter it.
Mr. Guo Zi: Han Yu claimed that he was appointed as Dr. Guo Zi in the seventh year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (8 12). During the Tang Dynasty, imperial academy was the highest institution of learning in Kyoto. There are seven schools, including Guo Zi School and Imperial College London, and each school has a doctor as a professor. Guo Zi School is for the children of senior officials.
C: This refers to imperial academy. Imperial academy in the Tang Dynasty was equivalent to imperial academy in the Han Dynasty. In ancient times, the title of official position often followed the old title of the previous generation.
Translation:
Mr. Guo Zi walked into imperial academy in the morning, told the students to stand under the dormitory and taught them: "Learning is specialized because of diligence, but abandoned because of play;" Virtue is gained by independent thinking and corrupted by conformity. Nowadays, when a saint meets a saint, all kinds of laws are implemented. Eliminate evil and promote good. Those who have a little advantage are accepted, and those who have a little talent are not appointed. Select outstanding talents and cultivate talents. Only those who are not good enough are chosen by luck, and those who are not good enough are not promoted. As long as you worry that your studies can't be improved, you don't have to worry that the officials in charge are not wise enough; As long as you are worried that virtue will not achieve any purpose, don't worry about the unfairness of being an official. "
Before the words were finished, someone in the queue laughed: "Sir, are you lying to us? I have served my husband for many years. Mr. Wang kept reading the Six Classics in his mouth, and his hands were turning over the books of a hundred schools of thought. We must sum up and master the outlines of history books, and we must explore explanatory books with profound and subtle meanings. You can gain something by studying extensively, whether it is irrelevant or significant, don't give up; Light candles and study day and night, and often study hard year after year. Mr. Wang's study can be said to be diligent in resisting and refuting heresy, rejecting Buddhism and Taoism, making up for the blank of Confucianism and expounding profound and subtle truths. Excavate those ancient Confucianism that have been lost for a long time, and study and inherit them extensively alone. Guiding heresies is like blocking a free-flowing river and guiding them into the sea; Saving Confucianism is like saving the fallen waves. Sir, you have made a contribution to Confucianism. Immerse yourself in the book fragrance of ancient books, savor it carefully, chew its essence carefully and write articles. My house is full of books. Imitating the laws and regulations of the Xia Dynasty upward has far-reaching and boundless influence; How difficult it is to read the letters patent of Zhou Dynasty and Pan Geng of Yin Dynasty; The language of Spring and Autumn Annals is concise and accurate, while that of Zuo Zhuan is extravagant and flashy. The Book of Changes is wonderful and regular, and the Book of Songs is correct in thought and colorful in rhetoric. Down to Zhuangzi, Li Sao and Historical Records, Yang Xiong and Sima Xiangru's creations are equally ingenious, but their tunes are different. Mr. Wang's article can be said to be grand and magnificent. Mr. Wang began to learn and dare to practice when he was a teenager. When he grew up, he was proficient in etiquette and behaved appropriately. Mr. Wang's life can be said to be perfect, but you can't be trusted in court and you can't get help from your friends in private. In a dilemma, every move is blamed. As soon as he became an empire, he was exiled to a remote area in the south. I have been a doctor for three years, but my post is idle and I can't show my achievements. Your destiny coincides with your enemy, and you suffer from failure from time to time. On a warm day in winter, your child cries cold; Your wife is still crying about hunger for lack of food. Your own head is bald and your teeth are gone. What good is it to die like this? I don't know what to think, but teach others how to do it? "
Mr. Guo Zi said, "Oh, come to the front! You should know that the roof beams, Joinery Work rafters, bucket rafters, short rafters, door mortars, door bolts, pins and doorposts are all built according to their own conditions, which is the skill of craftsmen. Precious Sanguisorba, Cinnabar, Gastrodia elata, Ganoderma lucidum, Plantago asiatica, Morchella esculenta and rotten drum skin are all put away and stored, and they are not lacking when necessary. This is the genius of doctors. Promote talents, be fair and wise, and select talents with a fair attitude. Smart people and stupid people have to be introduced. Some people are humble and beautiful, while others are bold and outstanding. Compare each other's shortcomings, measure each other's strengths, and assign appropriate positions according to each other's talents and personality. This is the method of prime minister! In the past, Monk was argumentative, and Confucius' method was clear. He traveled all over the world and finally grew old while running. Xun Kuang stuck to the right path and carried forward his grand theory. Because he escaped slanderers, he went to Chu, was deposed and died in Lanling. These two great scholars, who speak like classics and behave like rules, are outstanding, and their virtue and achievements are enough to rank among the saints, but what about their experiences on earth? Although your husband studies hard now, he can't abide by orthodoxy. Although his remarks are numerous, they are not in line with the main idea. Although his article is surprisingly written, it is not conducive to practical use. Although his behavior is cultured, it is not outstanding from the performance of ordinary people. He still wastes the national salary every month and consumes the grain in the warehouse every year. The son doesn't know how to farm, and the wife doesn't know how to weave; Go out by car and horse, the servant follows, and sit quietly for dinner. The bureau rushed to play cards according to the routine, squinting and stealing old books and words, copying the east and attacking the west. However, isn't it lucky that the wise monarch didn't punish him or was expelled by the prime minister? If you do something, you will be slandered and your reputation will be damaged. It really fits in the idle position. As for measuring the existence of property, regardless of rank, I forget how talented I am and how much weight is commensurate with what, and criticize the shortcomings of the governor's boss. This is equivalent to asking craftsmen why they don't use small wooden stakes as pillars, criticizing doctors for prolonging life with calamus, but introducing his polyporus! "
Precautions:
Play: Play music, play.
Follow: Do as the Romans do.
Jig: a tool of governance, mainly referring to laws and regulations.
Jùn: Good at "Jun" and outstanding in intelligence.
Ratio: both. Yong: use, adopt and employ.
Select carefully: it means to collect talents carefully. Crawl, crawl, comb. Pick and choose.
Scrubbing and polishing: scrape off dirt and polish; It means carefully cultivating talents.
Who says it's hard to get ahead with more talents?
There are departments: departments with special responsibilities and their officials.
Not finished: Not finished. Two, done, done. Column: Queue. This refers to the student team.
Years: Many years.
Keep singing: Keep reading.
Six Arts: Six Classics, namely, Poetry, Calligraphy, Ceremony, Music, Yi, Spring and Autumn Period.
Hundred schools of thought compilation: refers to school works other than Confucian classics. History of Arts and Literature in Han Dynasty lists Confucian classics as six arts, and records the works of various schools in Zhuzi from pre-Qin to early Han Dynasty: "hundred schools of thought, there are 4,324 articles." During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, hundred schools of thought rose and wrote books, so it was called "a hundred schools of thought contend".
Pi: separate, which means turning leaves.
Editor: This refers to the rope for wearing bamboo slips, and here refers to books and works.
Zu ǐ n: preparation. The term "fabricator" refers to a collection of speeches and theoretical works.
Greed: eager to learn more, in order to gain something.
Donate: give up.
Ointment: grease, referring to lamps and candles.
Guǐ: Sun shadow.
H: often.
Wu (wù) Wu: Hard-working.
Poverty: the end and the end.
Heresy: Confucianism calls doctrines and schools other than Confucianism heresy.
Noisy (r m 4 ng): eliminate.
Laozi, the founder of Taoism, refers to Taoism here.
J ?: The grass on the sole of the shoe is used as a verb here, which means filling.
Xià: cracks.
Huang: Big.
Deep: deep.
Smelly: tiny.
Autumn: Decline.
Xu: The cause left by our predecessors here refers to orthodoxy. Han Yu's "The Original Way" holds that the Confucian way spread from Yao and Shun to Confucius and Mencius, and was later lost. He claimed to have inherited this tradition.
Vast: far away.
Shao: Inheritance.
Obstacles: anti-blocking.
East: make it flow eastward. This refers to blocking the turbulence of the river and making it flow eastward.
L: credit.
Immerse in (nóng) depression: immerse yourself in mellow ancient books.
Yan Ying's drunken words: chew carefully and appreciate the essence of the article. Both English and Chinese mean flowers, which refers to the essence of the article.
Manjia: There are many descriptions.
Yu Shu and Xia Shu in Shangshu. Yao, the surname of Yu Shun; Department, the surname.
Ambiguous boundless: it means that the content is far-reaching and has no margin. Hun, broad and profound.
Zhou Gao: Zhou Shu; Silver plate: Shangshu.
Yi (jí) crooked teeth (áo): The sentence is difficult and hard to read. The appearance of flexion and extension is not smooth; Bite your teeth, it's hard to write and it's not easy to read.
Odd: wonderful, refers to the change of hexagrams.
Law: Law refers to its inherent law.
Zhengerpa (pā): The content is pure and the words are gorgeous.
Taishi Gonglu refers to Historical Records written by Sima Qian.
Ziyun is like Yang Xiong and Sima Xiangru. Different songs of the same work: different metaphors but equally subtle.
Hong (hóng) is one of them, and the other is the other: the content is extensive and the words are bold and unrestrained.
Learn less and be bold: when you are young, you only know how to learn and dare to do it.
Fang: magical and true. Left and right: all aspects. Tools: all.
Cheng: Done.
See trust and help: being trusted and helped. "See" means passive before the verb.
Postscript (bá): Step on. Rudder (zhi?): A trip.
Mo: Often.
Runaway: to run away, demote.
Nanyi: Four doctors in the 19th year of Hanyu Zhenyuan (803). The following year, he was transferred to supervise the suggestion. In winter, he wrote a letter about the disadvantages of the palace market, which angered Dezong and was demoted to Lianzhou Yangshan Order. Yangshan is in Guangdong today, so it is called Nanyi.
Doctor for three years: Han Yu was a doctor in Yuanhe from June 1986 to April 1989. Say "three years" as "three acts"
Redundancy is laziness.
See: preach "now" Show, show
Time: from time to time, not necessarily when, but at any time.
Head-the child's teeth are missing: the head is drooping and the teeth fall off. The mountain without vegetation is called Tongshan, and the first child has no hair on his head. Tooth loss, tooth loss, gap in dentition.
Benefit (b √): Benefit.
As an auxiliary word, it expresses doubt and backchat.
Xu (xū): an interjection.
Embankment (máng): roof beam.
Zhu: Rafters. The square timber supporting the beam at the top of the column.
Jurassic Confucianism: short columns on beams.
Raft (wēi): The door is pivoting.
Niè: Short wood standing in the center of the door, at the intersection of two doors.
Diàn: bolt or something.
Wedge (Xi): long wooden columns on both sides of the door.
Jade residue: Sanguisorba officinalis.
Cinnabar: Cinnabar.
Red arrow: Gastrodia elata.
Orchid: Orchid. The above four kinds are precious medicinal materials.
Oxtail (University): Cow urine, called plantain.
Mabo: Flattery fungus. The above two kinds and "Defeated Drum Skin" are cheap medicinal materials.
Yu (yū): euphemistic and calm.
Yan: Beautiful.
Zhuo Yu (Lu Yao): Outstanding, outstanding. School (jiao): comparison.
Monk is argumentative: "Mencius on Teng Wengong" contains: Mencius is famous for being argumentative. He said: How can I argue? I have to do this. It means: I must argue because I defend the sacred road.
Zhe (zhé): Wheel marks.
Xun Qing: Xun Kuang, a master of Confucianism at the end of the Warring States Period, was honored as Qing. He once made a drink offering in Qi State, and was later slandered and fled to Chu State. Chun Shen Jun of Chu appointed him as the satrap of Lanling (now Linyi, Shandong). After the death of Chun Shen Jun, he was also abolished, died in Lanling and wrote Xunzi.
Separation and absolute: both mean transcendence.
Karen and Lei: Both of them mean "Lei", which means ordinary people.
Yóu: Pass "You".
Mǐ: Waste, consume.
Forest (lǐn): granary.
Heel (zhǒng): Heel, which means following here.
Push: a stiff and cramped look. When we say "slavery", we mean hard work.
Peep: to look through a small hole, gap, or hidden place.
Chen Shui-bian: Old books.
Financial bribery: property, here refers to wages.
Death: preach "nothing".
Class capital: rank, qualification.
-( bēI): Humble and humble.
Senior: refers to people who are at the forefront of their posts.
Xiá: A spot on the jade.
Defect (cι): disease. Defects are metaphors of human shortcomings. As mentioned above, "unfair" and "unknown".
Spoon (Y): A small wooden stake.
Yíng: A pillar.
Zǐ: Defamation and criticism.
Changyang: Changpu. In the name of medicinal materials, it is said that people can live long after taking them for a long time.
Φ (xρ) Ling: also known as Polyporus umbellatus, diuretic. This means: you should not be overqualified, should not care about the amount and level of treatment, and should not blame the officials in charge for any problems. ?
About the author:
Han Yu (768-824) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. The word goes back to Heyang, Henan (now Mengzhou, Henan). Self-proclaimed county king Changli, known as Han Changli in the world. Zhenyuan eight years (792) Jinshi. He used to be a doctor in Guo Zi and assistant minister of punishments. He was demoted to the tide secretariat for discouraging Xianzong from welcoming Buddha bones. After the official to the official department assistant minister. Dead "Wen" He advocated the ancient prose movement and was listed as the first of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties", and was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. His poems strive for novelty, and sometimes they are deviant, which has a great influence on Song poetry. There is a collection of Mr. Changli.
Creative background:
This article was written in the eighth year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong (8 13), when Han Yu was 46 years old and worked as a doctor in Chang 'an (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province), where he taught as a student. The full text is called "Jin Xuejie", which is actually a work that laments the unexpected encounter and expresses self-resentment.
Appreciate:
Jin Xuejie is an ancient prose written by Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Taking this as an excuse to teach students to express their dissatisfaction is the author's work. The full text can be divided into three paragraphs: the first paragraph describes Mr. Guo Zi's analysis of the meaning of entering the school, explains the situation to all the students, and draws a positive conclusion that "karma can't be refined, and everyone knows the affected part", and it can't be successful, and it doesn't hurt; In the second paragraph, students make excuses to compare Mr. Wang's efforts and achievements in "learning", "speaking", "writing" and "doing" with their own experiences, and first promote them and then suppress them, refuting Mr. Wang's conclusion; In the third paragraph, Mr. Xu made a self-mockery, expressed his views on students' wishes, showed his attitude towards them, and implied a sneer at the court. This article is ingenious in conception and novel in language. It absorbs narrative, couples arrangement, algae decoration, rhyme and other forms, and is innovative and rich in finishing beauty. The famous saying "Diligence is good at diligence, but poor at play; What you do in thinking is destroyed in following "is not in this article.