Books:
About the author: Lu Xun, author of Scream and Wandering.
Lu Xun (188 1- 1936), formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou, was named Yucai, and later renamed Shu Ren, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Writers, thinkers and revolutionaries. "Lu Xun" was his pseudonym when he published Diary of a Madman in 19 18. Lu Xun 1898 went to Nanjing to study abroad, and 1902 went to Japan to study medicine. Later, he felt that it was more important to cure the numb national spirit than the physical diseases, so he gave up medicine and went to literature. After returning to China in 1909, he participated in the editing of New Youth in 19 18, published the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, and later published famous novels such as Kong Yiji, Medicine and The True Story of Ah Q, and wrote a lot of essays. 1923, the first novel collection "Scream" was published, which became the cornerstone of China's new literature.
Lu Xun has published three collections of novels (Scream, Wandering and New Stories), two collections of essays (Flowers in the Morning), fifteen collections of essays, one newsletter and two works on the history of literature. He has also made outstanding achievements in sorting out China's ancient books and translating foreign literature.
Content abstract: Wandering runs through the concern for farmers and intellectuals living under the pressure of feudal forces, and "lamenting their misfortune and angering them". The artistic skill of vagrancy is "mature" ―― a profound and broad historical picture; The narrative of the fate of the characters is permeated with feelings; Sketch means of "eye painting" and "heady"; Complete characters have typical meanings. ? Qiu Sha and Wang Weijun, two artists, devoted their lives to "revealing Lu Xun's ideological system" with brushes, persistently explored, painstakingly conceived and boldly created, and reproduced Lu Xun's world with "accurate understanding, profound expression and exquisite art".
Everyone has a moment of hesitation. Loneliness and helplessness are called hesitation. Lu Xun used to be a vagrant, at least when he wrote Wandering. He wrote about the trajectory of life, which seems to have an iron law. Throw an arc from the starting point and then fall back to the starting point. Even, fall back to the starting point. There are loneliness, sadness and helplessness.
He was only forty-four or five years old when he wrote Wandering, and he was not a wise man. So he hesitated. At that time, he was full of hope, or was full of hope, but this hope was finally dashed. He can't find a better way out. The way out always seems to be in the future, not now. So, he hesitated. So he wrote a novel about "hesitation".
It is not so much hesitation as helplessness. The helplessness of life. At that time, writing novels was a fashion. Writing novels became the trend at that time. In addition, before this, Mr. Wang also wrote such famous articles as Diary of a Madman, Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Kong Yiji. They initiated the creation of China's modern novels.
Wandering has nearly 1 1 novel.
Blessing describes Xianglinsao's hopeless life, even if there is a little hope, she will be put out.
"In the Restaurant" is about Lu, a once radical young man, who finally returned to Professor Ziyun.
In fact, happy families are not happy under the oppression of the economy.
Soap satirizes one or several middle-aged teachers who look like gentlemen. When they see a woman of seventeen or eighteen begging, they will think what if she is washed with soap? Because of this potential consciousness, Siming also bought sunflower green soap;
The madman in the ever-burning lamp is crazy and stupid. He just wanted to put out the ever-burning lamp in the temple, but it was blocked, so he said, "I set the fire." Finally, he was locked in the temple wing by his uncle and elders;
Explain that the crowd is still a spectator. China people are always spectators, just spectators. I broke up after reading it. Don't ask the people who are being watched why they want to show it to the public, and don't ask yourself why they want to see it. Just want to look, then look;
"Gao" finally "foreign" for a day, and Russia has Gorky, so he can naturally change his name to "Goyle Foundation", isn't it? Where there is a foundation, there is a foundation. He can be called Gorky, why can't I be called Gorky? When he became Goyle, he became "tall" and felt that he could not compare with Ma You in the past. However, in the end, he found that he didn't have the talent of "Goyle or something", he couldn't even teach books, he couldn't stand the temptation of sparrow cards, he couldn't stand the temptation of eating big heads, and he finally got on the table.
Wei Julian in Lonely Man is a figure that Lu Xun pays special attention to. This is a very conscious person who seems to have understood everything in life. He despises adults, but children ignore him. He used to be down and out, as if holding on to something and suddenly becoming rich. If you have hemoptysis, it will cost a lot of money to participate in the consultation. He died as if he were clean and free after death. Lu Xun actually wrote this man in a sad style, which also contained his great disappointment. The world is so desolate and life is so hopeless. I tried to find a way, but I couldn't find it in the end. He must die.
Regret for the past is not only related to the importance of economy to love, but also to whether love can last long. And economic distress is only a very real and real inducement. Because of this inducement, love will undoubtedly be disillusioned. Sad to death, this kind of sad sad;
Brothers seems to satirize the seemingly intimate brotherhood.
Divorce is purely the misfortune of rural women. Lu Xun has a saying: mourn his misfortune and anger his indisputable. Under the majesty of the "seventh uncle", the loving aunt dared not say what she had already thought. What can we do? They are officials and powerful. And she's just a countryman.
Vagrancy includes novels written by Lu Xun 1924 to 1925. The first blessing was written in 1924 February 16, and the last divorce was written in 1925 June 165438. After that, the printed version is the same as the first edition.
The title page of this book has the author's inscription:
The dynasty began in Cangwu Xi and went to Huxian Park in the evening. If you don't keep this spirit, you will suddenly die.
I am cautious in my life, and I look forward to it; There is a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down.
The key to understanding "vagrancy" lies in two sentences in the inscription of Lisao: "The road is long, and I will search up and down." Literature has a "literary eye" and poetry has a "poetic eye". Here, it is called "headline eye".
The road is far away, but I can't see the road ahead; When there is a faint road, you can't see the light. Trying to struggle out a way, but it was black and blue, with no result.
It can only be "He Ji wanders alone".
So the name "Wandering" is also the most famous.
Recommended reason: there are 1000 reasons for being sad for 1000 times; A thousand tears have a thousand moods; A thousand kinds of melancholy have a thousand kinds of moods. Who can tell the ups and downs of life in one sentence? Who can sing the joys and sorrows of life in one sentence?
Reading experience: There are three collections of Lu Xun's novels-Scream, Hesitation and New Stories. I haven't read the new story carefully. Today, let's talk about my feelings after watching Scream and Wandering.
From the names of these two collections, we can see the changes and development of Lu Xun's thought. Let's start with screaming. Who will scream? Me. Why "scream"? Let's take a look at Lu Xun's famous metaphor of "iron house"-
If an iron house has absolutely no windows, it is difficult to be broken. There are many sleeping people in it. They will soon suffocate, but they will not feel the sadness of sleeping and dying. Since you are shouting, you have awakened several sober people and made this unfortunate minority suffer irreparable dying pain. Do you think you deserve them?
Although this pessimistic description implies a kind of information, it can also be said to be a kind of confidence: I am a sober individual, and I stand on the position of enlightenment, so I will shout, even if my voice is weak and my personal future is dim. Take The True Story of Ah Q as an example. Although this novel is full of the author's strong introspection, there is no doubt that the author's spirit is higher than that of Ah Q, and he overlooks it on the basis of ruthless self-analysis. Behind the context of the so-called "mourning its misfortune and angering it" is a sense of historical mission and responsibility.
This confidence is clearly written by Lu Xun in the preface: "So my first task is to change my spirit ..." Despite all kinds of loneliness and hardships, and despite the metaphor of "iron house" that is almost desperate mentioned above, this confidence in my heart has not changed.
However, the root of Lu Xun's belief is different from that of ordinary writers, which reflects his richness and profundity. Lu Xun has always positioned himself as a "middleman", which is only a transition in the evolutionary chain. He "carried the door of darkness" and let out a little light, but he was willing to perish. The essence of this lonely person, this spiritual power of self-sacrifice, will not lead to decadence and negativity, but can arouse a tragic and conscious sense of atonement for all, which contains the self-confidence and superiority of the subject.
Take medicine for example. Through reading, we find that all the characters in the novel have the dual identities of "cannibal" and "eaten" except Yu Xia, while the revolutionary Yu Xia has only one identity-human blood steamed bread-"eaten". This identity itself has a strong sense of martyrdom, and its spiritual realm and courage to face life are far higher than others. Or it can be said that Yu Xia was once a "cannibal" like a madman. If the madman finally "recovered" after calling for "save the children" and the road to introspection was halfway, then Yu Xia walked the second half with his own blood.
However, in the wandering, this self-confidence was suddenly strongly questioned. Who is hesitating? Me. The author gradually entered the subject's candlelight and introspection, so the subject's position became loose; The enlightener is not sure whether it is possible for the numb masses to wake up, and even begins to suspect that the object of enlightenment is not that they cannot wake up, but that they are unwilling to wake up and are numb to making money with their own lives. However, the enlightener was troubled and wanted to change something.
I feel that Lu Xun's thoughts changed when he arrived at Wandering. This change is profound and lasting, and it is by no means an occasional depression as mentioned in textbooks. In "Blessing", Sister Xianglin asked me if there was any performance in hell, which made people see the origin of "I want to deceive people" written by Lu Xun shortly before his death. Lu Xun wrote in that article: "If my 80-year-old mother asked me if there was a kingdom of heaven, I would probably answer without hesitation." I find it difficult for outsiders to really understand the pain and contradiction among them.
Of course, the transition from "Scream" to "Wandering" did not happen overnight and suddenly broke.
A little thing was once laughed at by Wang Shuo, only the level of primary school students can only prove his ignorance. Of course, from today's perspective, there is nothing special about this novel, and its tall figure has indeed been abused by primary school students. However, writing this work was not easy at that time. Hu Shi, Shen, She Mei and later Yu Dafu all wrote rickshaws, but their perspectives are sympathy and pity, that is, they are higher than rickshaws. Only Lu Xun, with a sincere heart, sincerely realized his own smallness. This intellectual's introspection is commendable.
Take the medicine again. The ending of the novel brings two mothers together. Both mothers are "insulted and hurt", and their experiences highlight the double tragedy. Yu Xia died for 10 million Hua Shuan in Qian Qian, but Hua Xiaoshuan's mother hoped to exchange his blood for her son's life. Yu Xia's mother never forgets that her son was "wronged", which shows that revolutionaries should be killed in her mind, but Yuer is not a revolutionary. The maternal love here is not the ultimate care and grandeur, but a deep and cold sorrow-a revolutionary that even the mother can't understand, what a deep and broad sorrow! How lonely the revolutionaries are!
Later, the loneliness of revolutionaries gradually evolved into indifference and despair in lonely people. The protagonist is Lu Xun's own situation, and the "I" that constantly appears in the novel seems to hinder the protagonist from time to time, which can be understood as Lu Xun's contradictory mentality towards himself. The novel begins with a funeral and ends with a funeral, which is of great significance. The curtain of the old era has fallen, but the shadow of the old era still hangs over it, and the curtain of the new era is buried together in this shroud.
Henry Hui Wang said that while Lu Xun's novels profoundly criticized the national character, they "pointed the edge of negation at the intellectuals themselves". I think this is where Lu Xun is haunted!