1. It has always been like this, so is it right?

2. Everything needs to be studied before you can understand it.

3. The fierceness of a lion, the cowardice of a rabbit, and the cunning of a fox.

4. It was so dark that I didn’t know whether it was day or night. The Zhao family's dog barked again.

5. When I curse cannibals, I start with them; when I want to persuade cannibals, I start with them.

6. Ah, until the whip of creation reaches China’s backbone, China will always be the same China and will never change a single hair of its own accord!

7. I haven’t seen him for more than thirty years. But when I saw him today, I felt extremely refreshed. Only then did I realize that I had been in a daze for the past thirty years or so; however, I had to be very careful. Otherwise, why would the Zhao family's dog even look at me?

8. I looked up history and found that there is no chronology in this history. The words "Benevolence, Righteousness and Morality" were written crookedly on each page. I couldn't sleep anyway, so I read carefully for half the night, and then I saw between the words that there were two words "Eat People" written all over the book!

9. According to my own opinion, although he is not a bad person, it is hard to tell since he kicked the Gu family's book. They seemed to have ulterior motives, which I couldn't guess at all. Besides, when they fall out, they call people evil. I still remember that my elder brother taught me how to make a speech. No matter how good a person is, if he repeats a few sentences, he will make a few circles; if he forgives a bad person, he will say, "He is a master who makes a difference." I can guess what they are thinking; besides, it is time to eat.

Introduction to "Diary of a Madman"

"Diary of a Madman" is a short story written by Lu Xun, which is included in Lu Xun's collection of short stories "The Scream". It is also China's first modern vernacular novel. First published in "New Youth" monthly magazine, Volume 4, Issue 5, May 15, 1918. The content is roughly based on what a "madman" sees and hears, pointing out the decay of Chinese culture. "Diary of a Madman" is a milestone in the literary history of modern China, creating the most realistic tradition of Chinese new literature.

The disease suffered by the madman in "Diary of a Madman" is "persecution mania". From a medical point of view, its prominent symptom is that the patient is in a reactive delusion and has no control over the surrounding people. Everything may cause a suspicious reaction due to the characteristics of a certain thing: or suspecting that someone is harming him, or suspecting that someone is insulting him. Therefore, the madman in "Diary of a Madman" has obvious "suspicious" characteristics, or conversely, what Lu Xun focuses on in "Diary of a Madman" is the "suspiciousness" of the madman. (Of course, we cannot apply the paranoia of the madman in the work to Lu Xun, as will be discussed below.)

Secondly, combined with Lu Xun’s creative situation, among Lu Xun’s novels, some works are not as unlike Works such as "The True Story of Ah Q", "Kong Yiji", "Blessing", and "Hometown" focus on depicting the appearance of the character's personality (appearance, words and deeds, resume, events, etc.), but on the inner and spiritual world of the character. The activity of a certain factor is the main one, showing its certain spiritual consciousness tendency, such as "Diary of a Madman", "White Light", "Eternal Light", "Sorrow of Death", etc. Although this kind of works contains the words and deeds of the characters, the factor that dominates the works is some kind of spiritual consciousness. Judging from "Diary of a Madman", the first part of the novel begins with this text:

Tonight, the moonlight is very good. I haven’t seen him for more than thirty years. But when I saw him today, I felt particularly refreshed. Only then did I realize that I had been in a daze for the past thirty years or so; however, I had to be very careful. Otherwise, why would the Zhao family's dog even look at me?

The theme of "Diary of a Madman" is very clear, which is "intended to expose the evils of the family system and ethics." He also said in a letter to Xu Shoushang on August 20, 1918: ""Diary of a Madman" is actually a humble work... Reading history with this method, many problems can be easily solved. Later, I occasionally read "Tongjian", " The Chinese are still cannibals, so this article is written. There are only a few people who know this kind of discovery and its relationship. ” It can be seen from this that the so-called “This is a summary of an article for medical research” in the preface of the work can be completely understood as an irony written by the author intentionally imitating the traditional notebook novel method, and can also be understood as what the author said “ "Physician" has a broader meaning, not just "doctor" or "doctor" in the narrow sense.

In this work, we can see that although the madman has the mental characteristics of a persecutor, such as "There is no moonlight today, I know something is wrong", "Zhao Guiweng's eyes are strange: he seems to want to harm others." "Me", "Why does the Zhao family's dog look at me twice?" etc., but the deep meaning of the work consciously points to thousands of years of history and the phenomenon of "cannibalism" in society at that time. From "Yi Ya steamed his son and gave it to Jie and Zhou" to "Yi Ya steamed his son and gave it to Jie and Zhou" to "Xu Xilin (i.e. Xu Xilin) ??was fried to eat his heart and liver." Although the content of the work has the illogical psychological characteristics of a madman, it always revolves around "cannibalism" and the various documented and unrecorded cannibalism phenomena that have occurred continuously in the Chinese nation over thousands of years. , its intention is obvious.

"Diary of a Madman" also shows distinct ideological characteristics of the Enlightenment when expressing its theme. Lu Xun hated the "spectator" mentality in the hearts of the Chinese people the most, and his major decision to "abandon medicine and follow literature" was directly due to this factor. Looking back at all the essays and novels written before and after the May 4th Movement, the overall ideological characteristics are enlightenment.

The creation of "Diary of a Madman" was Lu Xun's first cry after experiencing silence and reflection, which naturally incorporated his years of anger, resentment, dissatisfaction, anxiety, as well as hope and prayer. The various complex emotions inevitably reflect his deep thoughts on Chinese history and understanding of the real society over the years. It is a thorough anti-feudal "manifesto" and the "general preface" of all the author's subsequent creations.

The Enlightenment ideological characteristics of "Diary of a Madman" are mainly reflected in the profound exposure of feudal ethics, the criticism of the numb and ignorant national character, and the firm belief and enthusiastic hope for the future. The author wrote: "I opened the history and looked it up. There is no chronology in this history, and the four words 'benevolence, justice and morality' are written on each crooked page. I couldn't sleep, so I read carefully for half the night, and finally found out between the words. Looking at the words, there are two words written all over the book: "Ethics"! "Ethics are cannibalism, benevolence, justice and morality are the masks of hypocrisy of etiquette. This is Lu Xun's definition of feudal morality, and what he has thought and understood over the years. The result is also the most brilliant achievement of this work.