Proficiency in work is due to diligence, waste in play, success in thinking, and destruction in casualness means: academics are specialized due to diligence, and are wasted due to play; virtue is achieved due to independent thinking, and is corrupted due to following the custom. . This sentence comes from an ancient article "Jinxuejie" written by Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. The article was written by the author under the guise of giving lectures to students to express his complaints.

The original text of "Jinxuejie"

Mr. Guozi entered Taixue in the morning, recruited all the students to set up a hall, and taught them: "The best in work is diligence, and the waste is in play; Success comes from thinking, and destruction comes from following. The sages and sages now meet, and the evil spirits are removed, and those who are good at Chongzhong are recorded. Polished. If you are lucky enough to be selected, what is wrong with many things but not good? All the karma is not due to the misunderstanding of the company; the misfortune is not due to the company's injustice. Then, someone laughed and said, "Sir, you are bullying me! I have been with you for a long time now. Your master is constantly reciting articles on the six arts, and his hands are constantly writing about hundreds of schools of thought. Those who record events will definitely mention him. If you want to compile the words, you must be greedy for more than you can get, and you will burn the ointment to continue the sundial.

My husband's career can be said to be diligent. Exclude heretics, denounce Buddhas and elders, repair the leaks, and look for the vastness of the falling thread. I search far away and go to the east, and return to the wild waves.

Immersed in the richness and beauty; as an article, it is full of books. Cautious, "Zuo Shi" is exaggerated; "Yi" is strange but methodical, and "Shi" is upright but wonderful; "Zhuang" and "Sao" are recorded by Taishi; Ziyun and Xiangru have the same purpose but different tunes.

Mr. Wang’s approach to literature can be said to be incomparable. He has learned knowledge since he was young and has the courage to do things. I don't know how to help my friends. I often get into trouble, and I am temporarily a censor. I have been a doctor in Nanyi for three years.

How long will it take to defeat the enemy? When the child is warm and his voice is cold, when he is old and his wife is crying and hungry, what good is it that the child is dead and his teeth are chipped? You don’t care about this, but teach others?”

The teacher said: “Come on, son! The big wood is the locust, the thin wood is the cypress, the cypress, the dwarf, the lin, the bar, the peg, and the wedge. They are all suitable for building a house. They are also made of jade, cinnabar, red arrows, and green zhi. The skins of oxen, horseboles, and broken drums are all collected and used, and those who are ready for use are the best doctors. A great leader is a good man, but he has the right tools. He is the prime minister. In the past, Meng Ke was good at arguing, and his teachings were clear, and he was able to lead the world. Chu, waste and die in Lanling.

These two Confucian scholars speak as scriptures and use their actions as Dharma. They are extremely deviant and have entered the holy realm. How will they be like in the world? Although I am diligent in studying. Without mentioning the tradition, although there are many words, they are not useful, although the writing is wonderful, it is not useful, and although the practice is cultivated, it is not obvious to the public. It is still the monthly salary and the annual millage; the son does not know how to plow, and the woman does not know how to weave. Riding on a horse and following the disciples, he sat down and ate.

He went on a regular journey to steal. However, the Holy Lord did not punish him and the ministers did not criticize him. It was not his luck. Slander, names will follow. It is appropriate to divide the money and bribes, and forget about the reputation of the class, and refer to the flaws of the predecessors, which is the so-called Jiejian clan. Instead of using the bamboo as a couplet, the doctor Zi uses the prosperous yang to bring in the new year, and wants to enter his 訨豨蓓. "Translation of "Jinxuejie"

Mr. Guozi walked into Taixue in the morning, called the students to stand under the school building, and taught them: "Study is due to diligence, and it is neglected because of play; virtue is due to play. Achievements can be achieved by independent thinking, but can be ruined by following the conventional wisdom. Today, the sage king and the virtuous ministers meet and unite, and all kinds of laws are implemented. Get rid of evil and evil people and promote outstanding talents. Everyone with some merit will be admitted, and everyone with a certain talent will be appointed. Select outstanding talents and cultivate talents. Only those with low talents are lucky enough to be selected, and those with absolutely no outstanding talents are not promoted. Students, you only need to worry about not being able to improve your studies, and don't worry about the officials in charge of the department not being wise enough; you only need to worry about not being able to achieve success in virtue, and don't worry about the officials in the department being in charge being unfair.

Before he finished speaking, someone in the queue laughed and said: Sir, are you deceiving us? I have been serving you for many years. He kept reciting articles from the Six Classics, and his hands were full of confusion. Constantly flip through the books of various schools of thought, and be sure to summarize and master the outlines of classics on history, and explore the profound and hidden meanings of classics on theory, in order to gain something, whether it is insignificant or meaningful. He never gives up on anything important; he lights up the candles and studies day and night, and he studies diligently year after year.

Mr. Wang’s study can be said to be diligent in resisting and criticizing heresies and rejecting Buddhism and Taoism. Doctrine, make up for the shortcomings of Confucianism, elucidate the profound and subtle doctrines, explore the long-lost ancient Confucian doctrines, study and inherit them extensively on your own, and guide the heretical doctrines like blocking the rivers flowing in all directions and guiding them to the east. ; Saving Confucianism is like reversing the great waves that have fallen. Sir, you can be said to have made a contribution to Confucianism.

Immerse yourself in the fragrance of ancient classics, carefully taste and chew the essence, and write. When I started writing articles, the house was filled with books.

We should imitate the laws and regulations of the Yu and Xia dynasties upwards, which are so far-reaching and boundless; the imperial edicts of the Zhou Dynasty and the Pan Geng of the Yin Dynasty are so difficult to read; the language of "Spring and Autumn" is concise and accurate, and the diction of "Zuo Zhuan" is Exaggerated and exaggerated; the changes in the "Book of Changes" are wonderful and regular, and the "Book of Songs" has correct thoughts and gorgeous diction; going down to "Zhuangzi", "Li Sao" and "Historical Records", the creations of Yang Xiong and Sima Xiangru are equally clever but melodious. Different.

Mr.’s article can be said to be grand in content and bold and magnificent in appearance. When he was a boy, he began to know how to learn and dare to practice. When he grew up, he was proficient in etiquette and behaved appropriately. My husband's conduct as a person can be said to be perfect. But he cannot be trusted in court, and he cannot get help from his friends in private. Trapped between a rock and a hard place, every move is criticized. As soon as he became the censor, he was demoted to a remote area in the south. I have been working as a doctor for three years, but my job is idle and I cannot show any achievements in management.

Your destiny is aligned with your enemies, and you will suffer defeat from time to time. In the days when the weather is still warm in winter, your children cry out about the cold; when the harvest is good, your wife still cries about hunger due to lack of food. You yourself have a bald head and missing teeth. What good will it do to keep doing this until you die? I don’t know what to do if you think about this, but why do you teach others?

Mr. Guozi said: Alas, you Come to the front! You must know that the big timber is used for roof beams, the small timber is used for roof rafters, brackets, short rafters, door mortars, door lugs, door bolts, and door posts. Building a house appropriately is the skill of a craftsman. The valuable burnet burnet, cinnabar, gastrodia elata, longzhi, plantain, sycamore, and bad drum skin are all collected and stored until they are needed. There will be nothing missing when needed. This is the skill of a doctor.

Promote talents, be fair and wise, select talents with a fair attitude. Both clever people and stupid people have to be brought in. Some people become good by being humble, and some people become bold and outstanding. Compare everyone's shortcomings, weigh everyone's strengths, and allocate appropriate duties according to their talents and characters. This is The method of the prime minister! In the past, Meng Ke loved to debate, and the way of Confucius was explained. He traveled all over the world, and finally grew old while running around. Xun Kuang adhered to the right path and carried forward the magnificent theory. Because he escaped from slander and went to Chu State, he was deposed and died in Lanling.

The words of these two great Confucians have become classics, and their every move has become a rule. They are outstanding, and their virtues and achievements are enough to be included in the ranks of saints. But what is their experience in the world? Now your husband is studying Although he is diligent, he cannot abide by the orthodoxy; although his remarks are numerous, they are not relevant to the purpose; although his articles are wonderfully written, they are of no practical use; although his actions are well-educated, they are not outstanding in the performance of ordinary people; they are a waste of the country's salary every month and consume every year. There is food in the warehouse; the son does not know how to plow the land, and the wife does not know how to weave; when he goes out, he rides a carriage and horse, followed by a servant, and sits down to eat peacefully.

He behaves awkwardly and according to routine, steals statements from old books with narrow vision, and plagiarizes here and there. However, the sage monarch is not punished and is not ostracized by the prime minister. Isn't it lucky? If he does something, he will be slandered and his reputation will be damaged. Being placed in an idle position is really appropriate. As for measuring the possessions of property, caring about the level of grades, forgetting the proportion of one's talents and weight, and criticizing the shortcomings of officials and superiors, this is the same as asking the craftsmen why they don't use small wooden stakes to make pillars, and criticizing the doctors. He uses calamus to prolong life, but he wants to introduce his polyporus!

Notes on "Jinxuejie"

1. Mr. Guozi: Han Yu claimed that in the seventh year of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty (812) ) He was appointed as Doctor Guozi. During the Tang Dynasty, the Imperial College was the highest academic institution located in Kyoto. There were seven schools under it, including Guozixue and Taixue. Each school appointed doctors as professors. Guozixue is for the children of high-ranking officials. Taixue: This refers to the Imperial College. The Imperial College of the Tang Dynasty was equivalent to the Taixue of the Han Dynasty. In ancient times, the names of official offices often followed the old names of previous generations.

2. Play: have fun, have fun. Sui: follow the customs.

3. Fixtures: tools of governance, mainly referring to laws and regulations. "Historical Records·Biographies of Cruel Officials": "The law is the instrument of governance." Bi: All. Zhang: refers to establishment and establishment.

4. Jùn (jùn): “Jun”, outstanding intelligence.

5. Rate: both. Yong: means "to use", to adopt or to adopt.

6. Climbing and selecting: It means carefully searching for talents. Climb Luo: Climb comb to search. Tick: Eliminate selection. Scraping away dirt and polishing: scraping away dirt and polishing it out; it means carefully cultivating talents.

7. There is always a lot of trouble: Who said that if there are many talented people, it will be difficult to get ahead!

8. Yousi: A department with specialized responsibilities and its officials.

9. Yan Weiji: The words have not been finished. Already, finished, finished. Column: Queue. This refers to the procession of living beings.

10. Younian: many years.

11. Keep chanting: keep chanting. Six Arts: refers to the Six Classics of Confucianism, namely the six Confucian classics of "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn". Baijiazhibian: refers to the works of various schools other than Confucian classics. Phi: separate, here refers to reading. Editor: This refers to the rope threaded through the bamboo slips, here it refers to books and works.

12. Compilation (zuǎn): compilation. Compilers refer to collections of remarks and theoretical works.

13. Be greedy for more and seek more: Be greedy and learn more, and strive to gain something. Donate: Give up.

14. Anointing oil: grease, refers to lamps and candles. Sundial (guǐ): the shadow of the sun. Heng: Often. Wu (wù) Wu: The appearance of hard work and perseverance. Poor: end, exhaustion.

15. Heresy: Confucianism calls doctrines and schools other than Confucianism heresy. 戎(rǎng): to exclude. Lao: Laozi, the founder of Taoism, here refers to Taoism.

16. Ju (jū): The grass in the sole of the shoe, used as a verb here, means to fill. 玮 (xià): crack. Emperor: Big. You: deep. 片: tiny.

17. Fall: decline. Xu: The legacy left by our predecessors, here refers to the Confucian orthodoxy. Han Yu's "Yuan Dao" believes that Confucianism was passed from Yao and Shun to Confucius and Mencius, and then was lost, and he regarded himself as inheriting this tradition. Boundless: distant view. Shao: inheritance.

18. Barrier: Prevent blockage. Dongzhi: Make it flow eastward. This refers to blocking the turbulent flow of water in hundreds of rivers and causing them to flow eastward.

19. Lao: Credit.

20. Immerse yourself in the rich content of ancient books. Han Ying Zui Hua: Chew and appreciate the essence of the article. Ying and Hua: both mean flowers, here they refer to the essence of the article.

21. Manjia: describes many works.

22. Yao Si (sì): "Yu Shu" and "Xia Shu" in "Shang Shu". Yao: Yu Shun's surname; Si: Xia Yu's surname. Hunhunwuyao: refers to the content being far-reaching and boundless. Hunhun, broad and deep.

23. Zhou Gao (gào): "Book of Zhou"; Yin Pan: "Book of Business". 佶(jí) Qu豱(áo)ya: The sentence is difficult and stiff, and it is not easy to read. Ji Qu, the crooked look, is extended to mean that it is not smooth; Ji Ya, the words are difficult and astringent, and it is not easy to pronounce.

24. Qi: Wonderful, refers to the changes in the hexagram; Fa: Law, refers to its internal laws.

25. Zhengerpa (pā): The content is pure and the words are gorgeous.

26. Records of Taishi: refers to the "Historical Records" written by Sima Qian.

27. Ziyun Xiangru: Yang Xiong and Sima Xiangru. Same purpose but different approach: metaphorical articles are different but equally subtle.

28. Hong (hóng) is inside and outside: the content is broad and the words are unrestrained.

29. When you are young, you learn to learn and have the courage to act: As soon as you know how to learn when you are young, you dare to act.

30. Fang: Alchemy, principle. Left and right: all aspects. Tools: All.

31. Complete: complete.

32. Seeing trust and seeing help: being trusted and being helped. "See" before the verb means passive.

33. Postscript (bá): step on. 謬(zhì): trip. Noh: often.

34. Channeling: fleeing, relegated. Nanyi: Han Yu was awarded the doctorate of four disciplines in the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), and the following year he was transferred to supervise the censor. In winter, he wrote a letter discussing the shortcomings of the palace and city, which angered Dezong and was demoted to the order of Yangshan in Lianzhou. Yangshan is in today's Guangdong, so it is called Nanyi.

35. Doctorate for three years: Han Yu served as Doctor of the State from June to the fourth year of Yuanhe (806), the first year of Emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty (809). One says "three years" as "three actions". redundant (rǒng): the meaning of idleness. See: through "present". Show, reveal.

36. When: Not necessarily when, that is, at any time.

37. The head is chipped and the teeth are missing. A mountain with no vegetation is called Tongshan, and the first boy means that his head is slumped and hairless. Teeth chipping, teeth falling out, gaps in the dentition exposed. PI (bì): to supplement.

38. It is: a auxiliary word, expressing questions and rhetoric.

39. Xu (xū): interjection.

40.杗(máng): roof beam. 桷(jué): roof rafters. 欂挌 (bó lú), dougong, the square wood on the top of the column that supports the beams. Dwarf (zhū): short pillar on the beam. 椳(wēi): door pivot. 闑(niè): The short wood erected in the center of the door, at the intersection of the two doors. 扂(diàn): door latch and the like. wedge (xiē): wooden pillars on both sides of the door.

41. Yuzha: Diyu. Cinnabar: cinnabar. Red Arrow: Gastrodia elata. Qinglan: Longlan. The above four kinds are all valuable medicinal materials. Ox 溲 (sōu): cow urine, sometimes called plantain. Puffball: flattery fungus. The above two kinds and "Baiguzhipi" are cheap medicinal materials.

42. Yu (yū) Yu: Tactful and calm. Yan: Beautiful. Zhuo Nao (luò): outstanding, outstanding. 译(jiào): compare.

43. Mencius was good at arguing: "Mencius: Teng Wengong 2" records: Mencius has a reputation for being good at arguing. He said: How can I be good at arguing? I have no choice but to do so. "Meaning: I have to argue because I defend the holy way. Zhe (zhé): wheel mark.

44. Xunqing: Xun Kuang, a Confucian master in the late Warring States period, who was respectfully called Qing. . He once served as a priest in the state of Qi, but was slandered and fled to the state of Chu. Chun Shenjun appointed him as the commander of Lanling (now Linyi, Shandong). After Chunshenjun died, he was also deposed. Lan Ling, author of "Xunzi"

45. Li and Jue: both mean transcendence. Lun and Lei: both mean "class" and refer to ordinary people.

46. Yao (yóu): means "you".

47. Mi (mǐ): waste, consumption. Lin (lǐn): granary.

48. Heel (zhǒng): Heel, here it means to follow. Push: a reserved and cramped look. One term refers to "labor", which refers to hard work. Peeping: to look through a small hole, gap, or hidden place. Editor Chen: Old books.

49. Financial bribery: property, here refers to salary. Death: means "nothing". Class qualifications: level, qualifications. 庳(bēi): means "mean", low. Predecessors: Refers to people who are in the forefront of one's position.

50. Flaw (xiá): spots on jade. Error (cī): disease. Flaws are a metaphor for human shortcomings. As mentioned above, "unfair" and "unclear".

51. 杙 (yì): small wooden pile. Ying (yíng): pillar. Zi (zǐ): slander and criticize. Changyang: Changpu. The name of the medicinal material, it is said that taking it for a long time can lead to longevity. 豨(xī)ling: also known as Polyporus cocos, a diuretic. This sentence means: one's small talents should not be put to great use, one should not care about the amount and level of remuneration, and one should not complain about any problems with the appointment of officials in charge. Appreciation of "Jin Xue Jie"

The full text can be divided into three major paragraphs: The first paragraph writes about Mr. Guozi's analysis of the justice of Jin Xue, presenting the situation to all students, and positively drawing the conclusion that "karma cannot be refined without suffering." The conclusion is that "the teacher is unclear; he cannot succeed in his actions, and he is unfair if he does not suffer from the fault"; the second paragraph writes the student's defense, based on the teacher's efforts and achievements in the four aspects of "study", "speech", "literary" and "action" and his own When encountering contrast, he first exalted and then suppressed, refuting the teacher's conclusion; in the third paragraph, he wrote about the teacher and then made self-mockery, expressing his views on the student's ideas, showing a casual and calm attitude, and implicitly ridiculing the imperial court.

The article is original in conception and the language is novel and vivid. Technically, it absorbs the narrative, parallelism, ornamentation, rhyme and other forms of Ci Fu style, and then innovates them, making it rich in the beauty of order. The famous saying "The work is accomplished by hard work, but wasteful by play; the success is achieved by thinking, and destroyed by casualness" comes from this article.

The creative background of "Jinxuejie"

This article is dated to the eighth year of Yuanhe (813), the eighth year of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty (813). At that time, Han Yu was forty-six years old and was living in Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi) ) was appointed as a doctor of Guozixue and taught students. The whole text is called "Jin Xue Jie" (Jin Xue Jie) because it is called "Jin Xue Jie" (Jin Xue Jie). Introduction to the author of "Jin Xue Jie"

Han Yu, a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. The character Tuizhi was born in Heyang, Henan (now Mengzhou, Henan). He calls himself Wang Changli of the county and Han Changli in the world. In the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), he became a Jinshi. He once served as Doctor of the Imperial College, Minister of Justice, etc. He was demoted as the governor of Chaozhou for admonishing Emperor Xianzong to welcome the bones of Buddha. Later he became the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. His posthumous title was "Wen". He advocated the ancient prose movement, and his prose was listed as the first of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", and was called "Han Liu" together with Liu Zongyuan. His poems strive to be novel and sometimes dangerous, and have a great influence on Song poetry. There is "Collection of Mr. Changli".