Reading notes: "A Theory of Human Nature"

Hume believes in "A Treatise of Human Nature" that human feelings are the only source of human thoughts and cognitive concepts. Therefore, the objects of human cognition can only be limited to sensory experience. Only things that people feel have real existence, and the "material world" cannot be felt, so it does not exist.

This is easily reminiscent of "The Matrix". People walk between reality and the Internet, and we can't tell whether we are equations or flesh-and-blood people. The screenwriting technique that won four Oscars had been mastered by philosophers as early as 1734, and traces of this can still be seen in Kant, Hegel, and Husserl. No wonder Kuitian once said: In terms of theory, I don’t think we have made much progress today than what Hume left us. We should not be surprised at all by this argument, because the way of thinking in China today is not beyond the time of Laozi and Confucius to some extent.

On the other hand, since "people can only know feelings", the problems caused by feelings cannot be grasped by human knowledge, so they are unknowable.

This is agnosticism. (Cisco is an agnostic supporter of technology - just a passing thought in his mind, not related to the meaning of this article.)

Bacon learned the formula of gunpowder as early as the thirteenth century (of course this great invention was Passed from China), we have reason to believe that Bacon was one of the first people in Europe to come into contact with gunpowder. He described the explosive power of gunpowder in "The Secret Masterpiece of Art and Nature".

Next, Bacon did something very interesting - he hid the recipe in a weird Latin sentence that no one could decipher. Later, people speculated that his intention was: Bacon was unable to make a value judgment on the emergence of gunpowder. Since the future was not yet known, he might as well put the problem in the future. It was not until the middle of the fourteenth century that the German monk Schwartz deciphered Bacon's riddle. For the first time, human beings had destructive power beyond their physical capabilities.

This type of story has been repeated more than once in history, and so far, human beings have been moving forward in this kind of cautious fear. Human beings almost always have this attitude towards any new technology that changes the world: nuclear energy, computers, cloning, GOOGLE... For example, starting in October 2004, the US company Applied Digital obtained approval from the US Food and Drug Administration to implant RFID human chips under the skin of approximately 1,000 Americans in order to use RFID scanners to obtain personal characteristics. Most people would think this is a bit scary, and I do too.

Science is to human beings what reason is to morality. We are struggling between the two and cannot escape. But Hume looked at us and said coldly: It is wrong to look at morality from a rational perspective.

Book title: "How Steel Was Tempered"

Author: Nikolai Ostrovsky

Main content: This book The protagonist of the book is Paul Korchagin. After Paul was kicked out of school by his teacher and priest, he became friends with Tonya in an accidental encounter. Under the guidance of the assembler Zhu Helai, he understood that the Bolsheviks were a revolutionary party that fought for the liberation of the poor. He reluctantly said goodbye to Tonya, fled his hometown, joined the Red Army, and became a strong Bolshevik fighter. However, his physical condition deteriorated, his right leg became disabled, and the hidden injuries on his spine became more and more serious, and finally he became paralyzed. But he was not discouraged and started his difficult writing career, which gave him a good start in his new life.

Feelings: I believe that everyone who has read this book will greatly admire Paul's indomitable revolutionary spirit that is not afraid of illness and setbacks of fate. He was always fighting for the revolutionary cause. He unfortunately contracted typhoid fever once. With his strong perseverance, he miraculously came back from the brink of death and returned to his hot job without hesitation.

Life can be said to be a tortuous and bumpy road.

In the journey of life, you will encounter many difficulties, have to face the blow of failure, the pain of not being understood, etc. However, all this is short-lived. After overcoming obstacles and overcoming difficulties, when we look back on the path we have taken, we will realize that it is the flame that tempers life. How many heroes and great men were trained in the blazing flames. As people often say: "The edge of a sword comes from sharpening, and the fragrance of plum blossoms comes from the bitter cold." Compared with Paul, what we encounter in study and life The difficulties encountered are really insignificant. What reason do we have to sigh and hesitate to move forward?

Today's society is an information society with fierce competition, and the knowledge economy has begun to take shape. From the perspective of the international community, peace and development have become the main theme of the times. International competition around economy and science and technology is becoming increasingly fierce. All countries are focusing on seizing the commanding heights of development in the 21st century. This has caused our country to face new opportunities and new challenges. China's pace of "catching up with the times" is accelerating, which makes our Chinese nation face opportunities and challenges towards comprehensive revitalization. The country needs talents who are knowledgeable, strong-willed, decisive and innovative. Therefore, we have no choice but to overcome the obstacles of knowledge and move forward bravely!

Book title: "Jane Eyre"

Author: Charlotte Bronte

Main content: Jane Eyre lived in a country where both parents died. Living under the influence of others, being treated differently from his peers since he was a child, being disliked by his aunt, being scorned by his cousin, being insulted and beaten by his cousin... This is a ruthless trampling on a child's dignity, but maybe it's the right thing to do. It is because of all this that Jane Eyre has gained infinite confidence and unyielding spirit, an invincible inner strength of personality. She said to her friend Helen Burns at Lorende School: "When we are beaten for no reason, When we hit someone, we should fight back hard; teach the person who hits us a lesson so that he will never dare to hit someone like this again." In front of Rochester, she never felt inferior because she was a lowly tutor. On the contrary, she thinks that they are equal. She should not be respected by others because she is a servant. It is precisely because of her integrity, nobility, purity, and her soul that is not polluted by the secular society that Rochester is shocked and regards her as I became someone I could talk to as a spiritual equal, and slowly fell in love with her deeply. His sincerity moved her, and she accepted him. And on the day they got married, when Jane Eyre knew that Rochester had a wife, she felt that she had to leave. She said this, "I want to obey God's decree on the world. I want to stick to the principles that I accepted when I was sober and not crazy like now." "I want to stick to this position." This is the reason why Jane Eyre told Rochester that she must leave, but speaking from the heart, something deeper is that Jane Eyre realizes that she has been deceived and her self-esteem has been teased, because she loves Rochester deeply. When Jane Eyre returns When she arrived at Turnfield, the manor was burned down just like in the dream; when she came to Fontaine, she finally chose to embrace Rochester, who was blind in both eyes and with one hand disabled. Although St. John is a "tall, blond and beautiful man", Jane Eyre decisively chose true love. This is also due to Jane Eyre's independent and uninhibited personality.

Feelings: I have a lot of appreciation and praise for Jane Eyre. She pursues independent personality and spiritual equality between men and women. Although she has experienced misfortune, she loves life and brings love to everyone who needs her. For her own belief in love, equal, true and pure love, she even resolutely gave up the love she had longed for so easily, and finally achieved spiritual equality with her lover. Jane Eyre's life, although not spectacular, was nevertheless It is ordinary but not mediocre.

In my heart, Jane Eyre is like an elf who is full of wisdom, love and strives to maximize her life. Her life is as bright and beautiful as a comet.

Book title: "The Education of Love"

Author: Amicis

Main content: This book introduces the life and life of the Italian child Amrico study. Write all kinds of touching stories that happened around Amway, the admonishing and inspiring articles written by his parents in his diary, and ten wonderful "monthly stories" read by the teacher in class. Every chapter and section expresses the essence of "love" in depth and vividly, ranging from the love of the self for the country, society, and nation to the small love of the individual among parents, teachers, and friends. Everywhere is gripping and touching. "Education of Love" contains no boring preaching, no heroic words, and no spectacular heroic deeds. It only writes about some ordinary and kind-hearted characters: like the charcoal seller, the young stonemason, the blacksmith's son, the young drummer, the teacher who was sick in class... and their ordinary daily lives. It is these seemingly ordinary but actually authentic and credible narratives that bring readers into a world of love and allow us to be educated in love. This book is filled with love. Full of enviable love.

Feelings: In "Education of Love", I walked into Amway's life and witnessed how they learned, lived, and loved. Their love contains tolerance, humility, family affection, and friendship. "The Education of Love" tells that noble and pure human love is the most sincere education, and education sublimates love. Although everyone's life experience is different, from "Education of Love", you will experience similar emotions that you have experienced before, but our attitudes and behaviors may be different.

Reading Notes on "Water Margin" (1) - Beating Chiang Menshen Drunk

Wu Song killed Ximen Qing and was sent to Mengzhou to be exiled. He also met Zhang at Cross Slope. Qing and Sun Erniang. But these are not exciting enough, only Wu Song drunkenly beating Jiang Menshen in this episode is the most exciting.

In this episode, Wu Song went to help Shi En take back Happy Forest for the sake of personal friendship. On the way, every bartender had three bowls of wine. These two points show that he has a self-indulgent feeling.

And his teasing before beating Jiang Menshen was even more exciting. He first went to the bartender to find trouble, then made Jiang Menshen anxious, and then beat him severely. This can prove that Wu Song is a rough man but also a fine man. people.

His teasing can be divided into several details. He changed the wine three times, and then asked Jiang Menshen's concubines to drink with him. When they were full, he started fighting with them (including Jiang Menshen). ).

After he captured Chiang Shoten, he was afraid that he would sue the government. When he asked for the third thing he wanted from Chiang Shoten, he was afraid that he would sue the government and take Happy Forest back later, so he asked him to If you leave Mengzhou, you are not allowed to live here. This also shows how careful Wu Song is.

"Water Margin" Reading Notes (2) - Killing the Four Tigers in Yiling

After seeing Song Jiang and his son reunited, Li Kui also missed his mother, so he went to Baizhang in Yishui County Village to pick up his mother.

On the way there, he encountered a fake Li Kui dressed as Li Gui and threatened him. Li Gui was defeated and begged for mercy, saying that he still had a ninety-year-old mother, and to kill him would be to kill him and his mother together. Li Kui took pity on him, so he spared him and gave him a piece of silver to let him go.

I think the author is disgusted with people like Li Gui, so he let Li Gui and Li Kui meet again, and asked Li Kui to kill him. One is that the author can vent his anger, and the other is that the readers can also agree with him and feel a heroic temperament after reading it, as if he is Li Kui. Li Kui's killing of Li Gui is very exciting.

But the scene where Li Kui killed the tiger while carrying his mother across Yiling was the most exciting. First, he went to fetch water, and then found that the old mother was missing. He also found two tiger cubs and two human legs. He killed the tiger cubs in anger. The male and female tigers came to seek revenge and were killed respectively.

It's a pity that after killing the tiger, he was invited to his home as a guest, and was later captured. This makes people want to fight for Li Kui after reading it, which shows the author's good intentions.

"Water Margin" Reading Notes (3) - Complaining about the Lion Tower

Wu Song took the position of capital in Yanggu County and went to Beijing to work. When he came back, he learned that his brother Wu Dalang was dead. Wu Song was suspicious and found out the truth and went to sue the officials. Unexpectedly, he knew that the county office had been bribed, so he had no choice but to go to the Lion House to avenge Wu Dalang.

Among them, the most exciting thing to watch is the part where Ximen Qing was killed in the final revenge. Although Wu Dalang died, Pan Jinlian and Ximen Qing also got the consequences she deserved, and Wu Song served the people Zhihu was also sent to Mengzhou. I think this may be the author satirizing the stupidity of the court at that time. Ximen Qing is described by the author here as "stinking". Almost everyone scolded him after reading it. This shows how good the author is at describing characters!

"Water Margin" Reading Notes (4) - Selling Knives in Bianjing City

Yang Zhi ran out of money, so he had to sell his sword to earn some money and go to another country to make a living. Unexpectedly, when selling knives, the local gangster Niu Er was insulted in every possible way. Yang Zhi couldn't bear it and killed Niu Er before going to the newspaper office. Finally, he was sentenced to exile in Daming Mansion.

The most interesting thing is the scene when Yang Zhi sells knives. First, he asked who bought the knife. When Niu Er came, he asked him to try the knife. Niu Er obstructed and humiliated him in every possible way, and was finally killed. This tells us what some of the ruffians at that time were like. The killing of Niu Er not only vented the anger of the common people in the book, but also made the readers feel relieved after reading it. This may be because the author grasped the psychology of the readers.

Reading Notes on "Water Margin" (V) - Poem on Xunyang Tower

After Song Jiang arrived at Jiangzhou, he met Shenxing Taibao and others. One day when I was drinking in Xunyang Tower, I took advantage of the drunkenness and wrote an anti-poem on the wall, and also left my name. Finally, Huang Wenbing saw him thrown into death row.

This incident makes readers dumbfounded when it comes to Song Jiang. They don’t know what to say about him, and there are no exciting parts in this episode. It's just that the author can write Song Jiang to the point where readers can't tell anything about Song Jiang after reading it, which is really amazing. It can only be said that Song Jiang was too confused to mention any poems. And it is precisely with this episode that we can better set off the scene of the interception field in the next episode. A section of Song Jiang's poem "Being Caught" is used to set off the scene of the interception at the execution ground later. Indeed, it is better to use Song Jiang to write poems than to use other methods. The first is to make you unable to say anything, and the second is to give them more solid reasons for intercepting the magic field. So I think this episode is good.

lt;lt;The Romance of the Three Kingdomsgt;gt; Reading Notes

"The rolling waters of the Yangtze River pass eastward, and the waves wash away the heroes..." When people mention this poem, people will think of the four major One of the famous works is "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms".

"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the full name is "The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms", was compiled by Luo Guanzhong, a writer of the Ming Dynasty. As can be seen from the title, this novel is based on the "Three Kingdoms", but it is not as solemn as an official history, but an ancient vernacular novel. Compared with "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has become more artistic. Below, I will comment on this 660,000-word masterpiece from several aspects.

1. Truth and Fiction

The biggest difference between romance and official history is that romance is not entirely true, romance is a novel. Everyone says that "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is 70% historical fact and 30% fiction, and it is indeed true. But fiction is made using artistic techniques, not just any historical facts. For example, Guan Gong warmed wine and beheaded Hua Xiong. This incident was not written in the history books. For another example, regarding the meeting with Lu Su alone, the history books say that Lu Su went alone to meet with Guan Yu. There are of course countless similar examples. After reading it and doing a little analysis, it can be seen that most of these fictional plots are foreshadowing each character described in the novel. Because, if we just create real characters as mentioned in the official history, some characters will be contrary to the author's political and ideological views. Moreover, while fictionalizing, the author also paid attention to the rationality and coherence of the plot, rather than rigid fiction. This is why after reading it, you will feel like you are actually there. In short, the author's writing in this aspect is quite successful, and these plots also reflect part of the author's subjective wishes.

2. Deification and vilification

The characters in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" are not entirely real people, but characters who have been processed from official history. Among them, some are deified. Characters and vilified characters.

Typical representatives of deified characters are Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu. The place where Zhuge Liang is deified is "the prophet of uncertainty", and the place where Guan Yu is deified is "loyalty" and "righteousness". Next, I would like to briefly compare why the author focuses on deifying these two people.

Zhu Xi, a famous Neo-Confucian scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, believed that the Shu Han was the orthodox among the Three Kingdoms. Zhu Xi's previous views, starting from Chen Shou, were mostly based on Cao Wei. Since Zhu Xi, kings, ministers, and people have also begun to accept Zhu Xi's views. The reason is that this view is in line with Confucianism and can be accepted by the ruling class. Luo Guanzhong also agreed with Zhu Xi's point of view. Therefore, most of the characters he deified were loyal to the "Han Dynasty". Among them, the author writes Zhuge Liang as the embodiment of "wisdom" and Guan Yu as the embodiment of "loyalty" and "righteousness". This is why, influenced by "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the rulers during the Daoguang period gave Guan Yu a posthumous title of more than thirty characters.

As for uglification, it is basically for deification. For example, Zhou Yu was a hero who died young in history, but "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" describes him as a man who was jealous of the virtuous and capable. Most of the uglification is a foil for the deification.

3. Characters and Clues

One of the great successes of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is that it has successfully created many characters with distinctive personalities, such as: the resourceful Zhuge Liang, the courageous and loyal Guan Yu, the rough-and-tumble Zhang Fei, the loyal and honest Liu Bei, the brave and resourceful Zhao Yun, the cunning and suspicious Cao Cao, the jealous Zhou Yu, the arrogant Mi Heng, and so on. The author uses the characterization of details to reflect the distinctive characteristics of the characters. For example, when writing about Zhang Fei, in the 70th chapter, the author gives a detailed description of Zhang Fei's war case in which Zhang Fei defeated Zhang He with a small trick. At the same time, he also added a dialogue between Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei, which further showed that Zhuge Liang's resourcefulness.

"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" can handle a variety of characters and the intricate relationships between them just right, because the author not only has real writing, fictional writing, detailed writing, abbreviation, narration, and flashbacks in his writing , and the author uses the literary technique of narrating along clues. The main clue of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is the establishment and destruction of the Shu Han regime until the three-point return to the Jin Dynasty, with sub-clues interspersed among them. For example, during the Battle of Chibi, the author unfolds the narrative from three clues: Liu Bei, Sun Quan, and Cao Cao. These three clues are interrelated, and only one or two clues will be described in a chapter. This interweaving will make the reader feel very coherent, instead of the lengthy and boring reading of only one clue.

4. Feudalism and Kingship

One of the political and ideological views expressed in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is to advocate the typical Confucian thought - Kingship and benevolent government. A large part of the fictional storylines in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" are designed to express this idea. It is precisely because of this that the author boldly created a series of "loyalty" and "righteousness" artistic images in his works.

The first is Zhuge Liang. The Zhuge Liang described in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is the embodiment of "loyalty" and "wisdom". In particular, the author goes to great lengths to exaggerate Zhuge Liang's "wisdom".

In the ruling group of the landlord class at that time, Zhuge Liang was a person who saw problems more acutely, had courage and strategy, and was able to adapt to changes. However, it has these advantages because of its emphasis on practice. For example, when Cao Cao captured Jingzhou and led his troops south, Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation at that time to Sun Quan and predicted that Cao Cao would be defeated. It was precisely because Zhuge Liang had compared the strengths and weaknesses of the enemy and ourselves before the war. For another example, Zhuge Liang dared to use the "empty city strategy" because he analyzed the situation of the enemy and our generals and knew that Sima Yi knew that he was "cautious in life and never takes risks." Therefore, he took advantage of Sima Yi's long-term understanding of himself and adopted a very special strategy. The "dangerous" suspicious tactics resolved the crisis. However, in more chapters, the author writes Zhuge Liang as a "prophetic" figure.

A smile appeared on my mother's face, she held my hand tightly and said, "You are really the most upstanding man in our family!" I pointed to the book "How Steel Was Tempered" and said, "It taught me that! ”

Whenever I encounter difficulties and flinch, whenever I cry due to frustration, I will think of Paul’s tall figure and try to refine myself into a piece of real steel!

I like to read literary works. Not long ago, I saw a newly published "Mother's Heart" at a friend's house. The exquisite cover and golden title immediately attracted me, so, I borrowed the book regardless of whether the friend was reading it or not. When I read this book, I wanted to read it word for word at first, but before I knew it, I was immersed in the clear and majestic Russian scenery described in the book, and I was even more impressed by the heart of a selfless, fearless, courageous and strong mother. . In this way, I was intoxicated and sighed and entered a reading state where I forgot the text. This may be the saying that the elephant is invisible and the sound is loud but the sound is rare! The translator’s expressive words have integrated this form into the myriad aspects of Russian social life; this sound has been played into the march of the world’s proletarian revolution by the translator’s light and free words. I don't know what kind of language I can use to praise this book. I feel that my praise cannot express the beauty of the content and the profound significance of this book. Therefore, I have to stop here and let readers experience it for themselves! I hope more readers will appreciate this book and get more benefits. In order to make this book the icing on the cake and become the best among the best, I would like to point out that there are still some editing and typographical errors in the book. For example, in the translator's preface, on page 2, line 8, the word "widow" is mistaken for "lost"; In line 9 of page 154 of the chapter "Forever", "severe test" should be "severe test"; there are several places where "sit" and "seat" are not distinguished; etc. Although these are only trivial omissions, readers who like to be wordy will feel somewhat regretful about the flaws and hope that they will be corrected in the second edition.

Impressions after reading Ririicao

I read an article today and I was deeply touched. The content is roughly like this: Ririicao feels that he is ugly and no one goes there. After admiring it, they prayed to the passing grandfather to let it bloom beautiful flowers. When their request was met, the children picked it with their hands, and the sunflower was so painful that they shed tears. It was crying again. When the old man passed by again, Riricao prayed to the old man to let it grow taller immediately. When it fulfilled its wish, a strong wind blew and Riricao was knocked down and covered with injuries. It was crying. When the old man passed by again, Riricao prayed that the old man would change back to his original state. The old man nodded with satisfaction.

This article is written based on our lives. For example, people. No one is perfect. If you want to become beautiful, you have to go through ups and downs. Does having a wealthy family help? Money can't buy everything. If you want success, money can't buy it. On the contrary, if a poor family wants to become rich, they cannot rely on means, but must rely on their own abilities.

Is it useful for a very ugly person to become beautiful at all costs, such as undergoing plastic surgery and buying skin care products? Beauty does not mean appearance, but beauty of soul.

Remember: a pure heart is more beautiful than anything else. Don’t ask for what you don’t have, just ask for what you already have.

Thoughts after reading Journey to the West

Journey to the West tells the story of Sanzang of the Tang Dynasty who embarked on a journey to the West to obtain Buddhist scriptures in order to save all living beings. On the way, he accepted three powerful disciples, Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie, and Sha Seng. Along the way, they slayed demons and demons for Tang Seng, and tried their best to protect Tang Seng in obtaining the scriptures from the west. After experiencing ninety-nine and eighty-one hardships, they finally arrived at the destination. At Leiyin Temple in Tianzhu, he obtained the true scripture and became an immortal with virtue.

This book really uses imagination to the extreme. I had already learned some of the stories in some TV series when I was a child. Now when I read it, I suddenly felt that the ancients were really amazing and had such rich imaginations. force. The preface of this book says that the plot of Journey to the West is based on the continuous enrichment of people in the past and the imagination of people in various periods. From this, I can see the rich wisdom of the working people of ancient my country. The character Sun Wukong is so vivid that sometimes I even feel that he is not like a god, but a real person living around us.

Zhu Bajie's various problems seem to have become much more cute. This book is really fascinating.

I recently read the book "Don't Forget History", and I felt moved, proud and happy in my heart. The tall images of patriots of our Chinese nation emerged in my mind one by one. I still remember that Wang Erxiao was unyielding and indomitable, paving the way for us with his blood. He has no fear in the face of the enemy's murderous intentions. He is a little hero in the war of resistance. A child of our age should have snuggled in the arms of his parents and enjoyed family happiness, but instead he encountered a war and encountered a cruel enemy. He could have escaped, but because of his hatred for the enemy and for the victory of the revolution, he risked his life. When the enemy's gun was pointed at him, he did not fear or cry. What a brave little hero, I was shocked by this. I believe his parents in heaven will be happy and proud of him. They have such a good son and they will never be shaken in this life! Compared with the second primary school, we are in the sky and on the earth. How lucky and blessed we are! There is no war or hatred in our lives, only happiness and beauty. We have the love of our parents, the care of our teachers, and the training of our motherland... We can study and learn scientific and cultural knowledge. And all of this was bought for us by the blood of heroes like Erxiao who sacrificed their lives! Anti-Japanese heroes, your blood was not shed in vain. It was you who paved the sunny road today. "When drinking water, don't forget the man who dug the well." We will keep your kindness in mind. We must cherish this wonderful life and learn scientific and cultural knowledge well. We must follow in the footsteps of our ancestors and make our own contribution to the motherland in our time. China, take off! Here I sincerely wish you more prosperity.