first, those who know others are wise, and those who know themselves are wise

those who know others are wise, and those who know themselves are wise. He who conquers others is strong, and he who conquers himself is strong. Those who are satisfied are rich, those who are forced are ambitious, and those who do not lose their place for a long time, and those who die and do not die live long. (Version 1)

People who know others are wise, and those who know themselves are wise. He who wins is strong, and he who wins is strong. Those who are satisfied are rich, those who are forced are ambitious, and those who do not lose their place for a long time, and those who die and do not die live long. (Version 2)

For details, see Laozi's School-based

2. Translation:

People who can understand others are smart, and those who can understand themselves are wise. He who can defeat others is powerful, and he who can defeat himself is stronger and invincible. He who knows satisfaction is rich. People who stick to it have ambitions. People who don't lose their duty can live for a long time, and those who still have the Tao after their death are truly longevity.

Third, comments:

There is a saying in China that Lao Zi was the first to express the phrase "People are expensive and know themselves". "He who knows himself knows clearly" means that he can clearly know himself and treat himself. This is the cleverest and most valuable. In this chapter, Lao Zi raises the question of spiritual cultivation. Ren Jiyu said that this chapter "promoted a series of negative, conservative and reflective spiritual cultivation views" and "also promoted the law of spiritual victory, saying that death without death is longevity. These are idealistic thoughts." (Ren Jiyu's Lao Tzu's New Translation) Some scholars disagree with this view. For example, Zhang Songru thinks that Lao Tzu's view is "why is it idealism? Is' not dying' a' ghost theory'?" He believes that this is a matter of opinion, and everyone has his own heart. He believes that personal spiritual cultivation can make people have the qualities of intelligence, intelligence, strength, strength, wealth, ambition, longevity and longevity, which are of positive significance. Laozi tried his best to promote "not to die", which is his consistent ideological proposition and embodies the ideological theme of "inaction" "To die without dying" is not to propagate the theory of ghosts, nor to propagate the immortality of the soul, but to say that although the human body has disappeared, the human spirit is immortal and eternal, which can of course be regarded as longevity.

Liang Qichao, a famous scholar who also studied Tao Te Ching in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, once said that a person's physical life span is only a few decades, and it is impossible for him to live forever, but his spirit can be immortal, because although his physical body has disappeared, his theories, his thoughts and his spirit will have a long-term impact on people of the present and future generations. In this sense, people can completely "die without dying." Liang Qichao's view should be said that he was mainly influenced not by Buddhism but by Laozi's thought.

IV. About the author:

Laozi, also known as Lao Dan and Li Er, was a great philosopher and thinker in ancient China and the founder of Taoist school. He was later named an old gentleman in the Imperial Palace by Emperor Wu of the Tang Dynasty, a world cultural celebrity, and one of the world's 1 historical celebrities. He has the Classic of Tao Te Ching (also known as Laozi). The essence of his works is simple dialectical method, which advocates inaction and governance. His theory has a profound impact on the development of China's philosophy. In Taoism, Laozi is revered as the Taoist ancestor.

Lao Dan (dān) (circa 571 ~ 471), whose name is Bo Yang and posthumous title Yong. Also known as Li Er (in ancient times, "Lao" and "Li" were homonyms; "Stigma" and "ear" are synonymous). Qu Renli, Lixiang Township, Kuxian County, Chu State (this place was originally the state of Chen, which was sealed in the Western Zhou Dynasty, but now it is disputed in Luyi, Henan Province and Guoyang, Anhui Province). One of the greatest philosophers and homesicks in China, he is respected by Taoism as the ancestor and a world cultural celebrity.