Reference:
Appreciation of Ling's Works
-
Publication date: May 27th, 2005. This article has been read by 2977 readers.
Since ancient times, it hurts to leave —— Appreciation of Liu Yong's Lin Yuling
The cicadas in autumn are so sad and urgent, facing the pavilion, it is in the evening and a sudden rain has just stopped. Farewell outside Kyoto, but not in the mood to drink, reluctant to leave, the people on board have been urging to start. Holding hands and staring at tears, I was speechless. Thinking about thinking, thousands of miles of smoke, dusk, chutiankuo.
Affectionate since ancient times, parting hurts the body, more comparable to the cold autumn festival! Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon. This is a long time, people who love each other are not together, and I even expect to be satisfied with the good weather and scenery in name only. Even if it is full of emotions, who can enjoy it together?
"Yulin Ridge" depicts a parting scene on the banks of the 1 1 century ancient Bianhe River: outside the bustling Tokyo, the wine flag is low and the willows are slanting, and a couple of young men and women say goodbye in the twilight. Strong feelings, drumming at dusk, urging by boat. Seeing this, people will be far away from Qian Shan, so the loosened hand can't help but be picked up ... This is really: "Ecstasy is good!"
We have noticed that the farewell here has its own "identity" characteristics. Not "Chen Chu went to the countryside", nor "Han concubine resigned from the palace"; It has neither the legendary color of Jing Ke's farewell to Xiao Shui nor the political feelings of Su and Li. It's just a farewell between two very ordinary people: one is a talented and frustrated lower-class scholar, and the other is a beautiful and affectionate geisha. This reveals a new message for us: the love between men and women, which was not dared to express boldly in the previous generation of poems, is now regarded as the most prominent theme; The normal feelings between "ordinary people" and the universal "humanity" of human beings began to leap to an important position in literary creation with the growth of the civil class in the Song Dynasty. This description of the sincere feelings between "ordinary people" on the one hand makes it more difficult for them to express their feelings (as the saying goes, "it is easier to draw ghosts than dogs and horses", and it is easiest to see the author's ability to describe ordinary events in daily life); On the other hand, it adds infinite "human touch" to his own lyricism-with the gradual advancement to the late feudal society, this "human touch" closely related to the aesthetic hobbies of the citizen class will be more and more welcomed by readers. This may be one of the reasons why it has been widely appreciated by future generations. The following is a detailed analysis of it:
Late autumn, dusk, what a thick sad atmosphere. "Cold Cicada Sadness" not only describes the loneliness of autumn wind and the shock of time sequence, but also reminds viewers immediately that cicadas are lonely and silent. A wild goose is swimming in the south, and a pheasant is screaming and moaning "(Song Yu's Nine Arguments). The language of a good poem (word) is often like this: on the one hand, with its own scenery as the medium, with the change of external phenology, it arouses readers' emotional ripples layer by layer; On the other hand, through the long historical process, they "release" the "energy" accumulated in words for a long time, thus stimulating their life experience and artistic association. The short word "cold and sad" makes the voice of sadness and sobs hoarse, forming the sad "tone" and desolate "background" of the whole song and the whole picture.
The location is the pavilion outside Doumen. Inside the city gate, how lively and prosperous it is: "Look up and you will see the bead curtain of the brothel. Carved cars compete for the street, BMW competes for the imperial road, resplendent and dazzling, and Luo Qi is fragrant ... "(Dream of Tokyo) Here, many lucky lovers are enjoying a happy reunion, but our poet is left out in the cold and forced to leave. And "Changting" is so chilling that it "turns pale"! "Where is the reward? Road-side pavilion "(Li Bai's Bodhisattva Man). Here, the symbolic meaning of the word itself (the long pavilion symbolizes farewell) and its "historical accumulation" are playing a dual role, which can not help but make readers feel an irresistible sense of parting.
What's more, the farewell here is marching at a "slow pace", which makes people more anxious and painful. In modern society, although parting is also inseparable, with a wave of the national flag, a long whistle and a wave of the hand, the people of Sri Lanka have gone away, although painful, but simply. Only this slow medieval farewell is the most exciting. Set up a bill, say goodbye, drink slowly and say goodbye carefully, from afternoon to evening; Shower, and extended the hug time ... but this farewell stay was originally a cup of bitter wine mixed with sweetness. The longer the body odor lasts, the stronger the bitterness. Sure enough, after a storm comes a calm, Zhou Zi impatiently urges the poet, and the heartbreaking moment finally comes. In the face of this scene, the emotion of leaving people was pushed to the "climax". "Holding hands and staring at each other with tears in my eyes, I have nothing to swallow." This is a "close-up" shot, which is hearty. We found that the evasive and implicit brushwork commonly used in poems describing the love between men and women ("brave" like Li Shangyin, who can only hide behind the untitled topic and "write his unforgettable lovesickness") is gone at all: the poet and "she" are holding hands and staring at each other, although they can't say a word, but it is a heart-to-heart communication and a heart-to-heart dialogue. This is a true portrayal of how many young children in the world are saying goodbye. In it, the poet devoted his life experience of "traveling" and incorporated his sincerity, so he could write so vividly and so touching. Love, which was often "forgotten" or "despised" in the "orthodox" style in feudal times, is now capitalized by Liu Yong and featured as the most striking thing, which is a major change in literary atmosphere. Therefore, in line with this change of life ideal and artistic taste, Liu Yong does not emphasize "implicature" (on the contrary, he demands "exposure") or "gentleness" (on the contrary, he demands "hearty") when describing the relationship between men and women. The writing and style of the original poem "Deep and Quiet" is somewhat "insufficient" at this time. Therefore, he sought another writing style and style of "spreading to the fullest": if the feelings of words are from "cold and sad" to "speechless and choking", it is still more "sad and cramped", then from "Philip Burkart is a thousand miles away, and the sky is wide at dusk", it is "spreading". Feelings have accumulated for a long time, and since then, like flood gates, they have surged out of control. Mr. Wang said that "all the above are flat songs, flying in the air so far" ("A Brief Explanation of Tang and Song Ci"), and what he saw was right.
The sentence "Affectionate parting hurts since ancient times, but it should be neglected in the autumn festival" is written twice as much as sad parting and sad autumn, which adds the shadow of the traditional psychological tradition of "sad autumn" to the living tragedy and shows its double tragedy. However, the most exciting and successful thing is the following: "Where did you wake up tonight? Yang Liuan and Xiaofeng are dying. " This is the creation of Liu Yong. What is the secret of its success? Is it the "spot dyeing" method mentioned by Liu Xizai (the first two sentences are "spot" and the last three sentences are "dyeing")? Is commonly known as "scene fusion"? Yes, of course, but it's not true. Its advantage lies in that Liu Yong, as a "personal receiver" who has traveled for a long time, can create a new artistic realm beautifully, delicately and vividly by virtue of the special feelings of Ci, and become a famous sentence and allegory throughout the ages.
First of all, it is about "true scenery". On the bank of the Bianhe River, there are many weeping willows (Emperor Yang Di opened a canal and planted willows on the bank). The word "Yang Liuan" inadvertently reminds people of "local scenery", which makes people feel intimate and natural. After rowing all night, when I woke up, I was already in the vast and open waterway on the hill. I only felt the cool breeze blowing gently and only saw the sadness of the waning moon. The word "Xiao Feng's waning moon" describes the real scenery of this kind of boat trip.
Secondly, it says "true temperament". Yang Liuan Xiao Feng Canyue is not only a general landscape language, but also an emotional language of "Everything is my color". This can be seen from its image composition. Zhou Bangyan said, "The willow shade is straight and the smoke is bright. On the Sui Dyke, I have seen several times that the water is fluttering and the cotton is floating to bid farewell. " (Warrior Lan Ling), the willow tree is not only a symbol of farewell, but also a witness of farewell. Now that I'm alone in the boat, why don't you arouse my thoughts? The word "the waning moon in Xiao Feng" has written a deeper emotional realm far away from people. Imagine, last night, I was still drinking at the door and holding hands to watch. Today, when I woke up, a cold wind dispelled the semi-numbness caused by alcohol, leaving only a broken moon hanging on the horizon. At this time, the inner pain is really a bit like the pain caused by the wound after the anesthetic fails. Everything else is sharp. This "fresh" psychological feeling can only be felt by the "skin receiver", but not by outsiders, so we say that it is written about "true temperament".
Thirdly, on the basis of describing "true scenery" and "true feelings", the poet further created a new "realm" of deep beauty and deep integration. Where is the "new" performance of this realm? Mainly manifested in that kind of sad and beautiful special style color. Ordinary people can deeply feel its sad side only when they leave, and only excellent poets can write its "beauty" (aesthetic feeling) at the same time. Try to appreciate such a picture: the residual willows on the shore are swaying in the autumn wind; Loneliness and loneliness, the poet not only wrote loneliness and discomfort far from the situation, but also excavated richer connotations in the "tragedy". "Tragedy" adds "beauty" and "sadness" adds "beauty". The poet conveys a melancholy feeling and hazy beauty with a soothing and sad style. This "resentment" flavor is the most typical flavor of the word "graceful and restrained". No wonder later generations often regard them as representative sentences of Liu Ci and even the whole graceful words.
With the development of Ci, it entered a very profound and elegant situation. Suddenly, with a change of pen, it returned to the reality of parting-it turned out that the above text was that the sender "put himself in the shoes" to think about the scene of a traveler traveling alone in the Ming Dynasty, and this technique of writing "reality" with "emptiness" added "multi-level" fullness to the lyric of the text. "This for many years, should be its moments of beauty in name only. Customs are strange, who do you talk to? " This is the love of the farewell party here and now. In all fairness, these words may be "too explicit", but they are not enough to express a geisha's special mood (the word "amorous feelings" perfectly shows her special identity); In terms of style, the front is graceful, the front is exposed here, the front is very emotional, and the front is straight and dense, which makes people pay less attention to its shortcomings. On the contrary, I think it is wonderful to "pour out the old pen" (Song Ci Ju).
In a word, the poem Yulinling tries to describe the inseparable separation between a pair of lovers, affirms a very "secular" but somewhat "vulgar" life ideal (compared with the vulgar thought of feudal literati pursuing fame and fortune), and reflects a new character psychology and information of the times. In art, it makes full use of the "advantages" of slow words in expressing complex human feelings, and shows the ability of narrative and comprehensive weaving, which is pleasing to the eye and elegant to read.
Wang Shizhen's two poems, "Xiao Feng's waning moon leads the way, who is weeping willows and ploughing fields", show the infinite admiration of later generations for this famous farewell song and its author. Even in The West Chamber of Yuan Dynasty, we can still feel its influence.
Appreciation of Liu Yong's Ci "Lin Yuling, Chilling and Sorrow" (Ⅱ)
This word is an eternal masterpiece to express the feelings of parting, and it is also an outstanding representative of Liu Ci and graceful Ci in Song Dynasty. In the poem, the author expresses his true feelings when he leaves Bianjing to say goodbye to his lover, which is touching. The first one is about the scene of parting, and the second one is mainly about the scene of parting. The whole poem is full of ups and downs, which is one of the "Top Ten Songs of Song and Jin Dynasties" popular in Song and Yuan Dynasties.
Write the first three sentences about another time, and point out the place and order of the festivals. "Book of Rites and Moon Order" says: "It's cold in Qiu Meng." It can be seen that the time is probably July of the lunar calendar. But the poet does not describe the natural scenery purely objectively, but through the description of the scenery, the rendering of the atmosphere, the feelings come out of the scene, and the meaning is deep. Autumn, twilight, showers and cold, what the poet sees and hears is bleak everywhere. The phrase "the pavilion is late", with a knife inserted in the middle, was very depressed and swallowed, which more accurately conveyed this bleak situation.
The description of these three sentences also paves the way for the "not in the mood" and "in a hurry" in the following two sentences. In Doumen Drinking on Credit, Jiang Yan wrote: "Du Dong drinks on credit, and Jingu sends guests off." His lover held a farewell banquet for him in the pavilion outside Doumen, but the poet was not interested in wine and food. Next, I said, "homesickness, urging hair in Lanzhou". These seven words are completely realistic, but they describe the typical environment and typical psychology with refined pens: on the one hand, I miss it, on the other hand, I urge hair in Lanzhou. How sharp such contradictions and conflicts are! Here, the "blue boat urges hair" uses a straight pen to write the urgency of parting. Although not as touching as they are, it is straightforward and helps to deepen feelings. Then the words "holding hands and staring with tears, but speechless and choking" came out in generate. There are only eleven words, the language is popular, the feelings are deep, and the image is realistic, just like the present. What a close call! The poet's inner monologue of "reasoning" stuck in his throat. The word "year" is used very well here. When you read the sound, as a leadership case, you will naturally turn from "choking" to "thousands of miles" below. After the word "read" is used with the word "go", it shows more and more strong feelings. After reading a word, I feel that the road is endless, and the road is Xiu Yuan. "A Thousand Miles Down" has harmonious colors and picturesque scenery. It is called "smoke wave", "twilight" and "heavy", and the color is as thick as one layer; It is both "a thousand miles" and "wide", and a journey is far like a journey. It tells the parting feelings of lovers when they break up.
The first movie says goodbye, and the next movie says goodbye. Let's make a general discussion first, from individual to general. "Affectionate sadness and parting have existed since ancient times" means that sadness and parting have existed since ancient times, not from the beginning. Then the phrase "more worthy of being left out in the cold and clear autumn festival" means that when it comes to the cold and desolate autumn, the feelings left behind are more important than usual. The word "clear autumn festival" is mapped to the first three sentences. Before and after taking care of it, the needle and thread are extremely dense; The three empty words titled "Gengnakan" strengthen the emotional color, which is more obvious and profound than the first three sentences. "Tonight" comes from the last sentence, which is the early warning strategy of the whole article. It became a famous sentence in the history of Liu Yong's Guangyao Ci. These three sentences should be to imagine the situation on the journey tonight. I thought that a leaf boat would dock soon, and the poet woke up after drinking, only to learn that Xi Xiaofeng was blowing rustling willows and willow branches were hanging high. The whole picture is full of sad atmosphere. The coldness of the guests, the quietness of the scenery and the sadness of parting are all completely condensed in this picture. This scene is like a small meticulous picture frame, which is beautiful. Liu Xizai, a Qing Dynasty man, said in Introduction to Art: "Words are a bit erotic. Liu Yiqing's Yulin Order says:' Since ancient times, it is more important to leave the Qing Autumn Festival in the cold. Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? The last two issues of' Yang Liuan, Xiaofeng and the waning moon' were cold, and the last two sentences were stained with' Tonight'. Between points, there can be no other words separated, and aphorisms become dead. "In other words, these four sentences are inseparable, set off each other, set off each other. If you insert another sentence in the middle, it will destroy the integrity of artistic conception and the unity of image, and the next two epigrams will lose their luster.
"It's going to be a year" has been changed into a love story. In the days of gathering, they will always feel happy in prosperity; However, there will be more than one day, year after year, even if there are good days and scenes, it will not arouse the interest of appreciation, but will only increase the touch. The word "visit here", from a distance, should be "read and leave"; The word "nian" is similar to "tonight", closely linked in time and thought, and advanced step by step. "Even if there are thousands of customs in Qian Qian, who should I talk to?" To sum up the whole word with questions is like running to rein in the reins, which tends to live but not live; Another example is that many people have returned to the sea, and there are still unfinished things.
The reason why this word is used in moxibustion is because it is quite unique in art and has achieved great success. As early as the Song Dynasty, it was recorded that in touching and graceful words, "Only one hundred and seventy-eight girls got married, with red teeth, singing' Yang Liuan, the wind is dying. The formation of this style depends on the creation of artistic conception. Poets are good at applying the traditional scene blending technique to slow words, and express their feelings of parting through the picturesque realm, which constitutes the realm of poetic beauty and causes readers a strong artistic infection. Although the whole poem is written directly, the narrative is clear and the scenery is well written. The theme is rendered with concrete and vivid natural scenery pictures that can touch sadness, and the difficult scenery is hard to reach and natural. The last two sentences make the finishing point and add color to the whole word, which is an eternal famous sentence among the moxibustion population.
Appreciation of Yu Linling (Liu Yong) 3
Lin Yuling, the earliest two-tone slow ci work in the history of ci poetry, should be the first one. Liu Yong made full use of the sad tone and long space of this poem to write a tactful and sad parting, which can be described as incisively and vividly.
The first paragraph of the word is about a couple's farewell dinner Write the first three sentences about another time, and point out the place and order of the festivals. "Book of Rites and Moon Order" says: "It's cold in Qiu Meng." It can be seen that the time is probably July of the lunar calendar. However, the poet did not describe the natural scenery purely objectively, but integrated his feelings into the scenery through the description of the scenery and the rendering of the atmosphere, implying different meanings. In autumn, the scenery is bleak; And the value of the day is late, and the twilight is gloomy; After the rainstorm, it was followed by chilling and sadness: what the poet saw and heard was bleak everywhere. In addition, the phrase "late in Changting" conveys this bleak situation more accurately.
Through the description of the scenery, the first three sentences also pave the way for the "not in the mood" and "in a hurry" in the last two sentences. Drinking on credit at Doumen, the language version of Jiang Yan's house: "Drinking on credit in the east, seeing guests off at Jingu". His lover held a farewell banquet for him in the pavilion outside Doumen, but the poet was not interested in wine and food. It can be seen that his mind is focused on his lover, so the word goes on: "homesickness, Lanzhou urges hair." These seven words are completely realistic, but they describe the typical environment and typical psychology with concise pens: on the one hand, they have a deep relationship, on the other hand, they promote youth. How sharp such contradictions and conflicts are! Then, the following sentence broke out: "I looked at you with tears in my eyes, but I was speechless." The language is popular and affectionate, and the image is realistic, such as the present. Eleven words, a close call! In later legendary operas, there are often lyrics of "heartbroken people are heartbroken at the sight of tears", but they are not as concise and powerful as Liu Ci. So what did the poet choke on? The sentence "think about it" is his inner monologue.
Ci is a lyric poem attached to music, so we should pay attention to the flat yin and yang of each word, especially the disyllabic words. The word "year" is used very well here. Qing Wanshu's "The Law of Ci" said: "Where nouns swing, they should be silenced more. Why? Among the three tones, the upper tone can be leveled, but the outer tone is different. ..... If you use it, you can't afford it if you don't go. " This word takes the word "year" as the leading case, connecting "choking" with the natural turning point, and breaking through "thousands of miles" below. After the word "read" is used with the word "go", it shows more and more strong feelings. After reading a word, I feel that the road is endless, and the road is Xiu Yuan. "A Thousand Miles Down" has harmonious colors and picturesque scenery. Called "smoke wave", "twilight" and "heavy", the coloring can be described as heavy; That is, the so-called "thousands of miles" and "wide", the space can be described as wide. In such a vast and distant space, it is full of such a thick and deep haze, and its sadness is unimaginable.
The next film, first of all, makes a general discussion, from the individual to the general, and draws a philosophy of life: "Love hurts and leaves since ancient times." It means that parting is not from the beginning, but from ancient times. Coupled with the phrase "clear autumn season is more worthy of being left out", it is said that when autumn is cold and desolate, it is more than usual. The word "clear autumn festival" is mapped to the first three sentences. Before and after taking care of it, the needle and thread are extremely dense; The title of the three function words "Gengnakan" strengthens the emotional color, which is more obvious and profound than the first three sentences. The three sentences of "tonight" come from the last sentence, which is the warning strategy of the whole article, and later became the object of Su Shi's victory. According to Yu Wenbao's Record of Blowing Sword, "On the Jade Hall Day in Dongpo, a monk sang a good song, so he asked,' What is my character like Liu Qi?' Yes, Liu Langzhong said,' Liu Langzhong's words are only given to 178 girls, holding red fangs and singing' Yang Liuan's Xiao Feng can last until the moon'. Bachelor degree, you must be a Kansai native, holding a copper pipa and singing' River of No Return' ". These three sentences were originally intended to imagine the taste of tonight's journey: when a boat landed, the poet woke up after drinking and saw a breeze blowing the rustling willow trees, and the waning moon hung high on the willow branches. The whole picture is full of sad atmosphere. The coldness of the guests, the quietness of the scenery and the warmth of parting are all completely condensed in this picture. In addition, although the two sentences at the end of the above film are also about scenery and sadness, the former seems to be a vast expanse of ink; However, here, it is like a meticulous picture frame, which is beautiful.
The words "through the years" constitute another situation. Because the above is situational language, here it is changed to sentiment language. In the days of gathering, they will always feel happy in prosperity; However, there will be more than one day, year after year, even if there are good days and scenes, it will not arouse the interest of appreciation, but will only increase the touch. The word "visit here", from a distance, should be "read and leave"; The word "nian" is close to "tonight", closely linked in time and thought, advancing step by step, showing a close structure. "Even if there are thousands of customs in Qian Qian, who should I talk to?" It is beneficial to see love and sadness.
Summarizing the whole word is like running to rein in the reins, which tends to live but not live; Another example is that many people have returned to the sea, and there are still unfinished things. Ending with a question is more meaningful and intriguing.