A moral education story spread in China for thousands of years tells people that everything should follow public order and good customs. These are all moral common sense that should be known at an early age. It is the true story of Kong Rong, a writer in ancient China at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who teaches people to observe public order and good customs in everything. This is why "when you are four years old, you can make pears" in San Zi Jing. Basic introduction Chinese name: Kong Rong Jean Pear mbth: Kong-rong gives up the big pear Time: Late Eastern Han Dynasty Person: Kong Rong Origin: Notes on the New Words of the World Kong Rong, family, related allusions, original works, vernacular translation, educational significance, alternative interpretation, extended stories, western views, special stamps, related books, Kong Rong Kong Rong (153-153). Lu was a native of Qufu, Shandong Province. A litterateur at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, one of the "seven sons of Jian 'an", is the 2th grandson of Confucius, the son of Kong Zhou, the county magistrate of Yuancheng (now daming county, Hebei) and a captain of Mount Tai. Few talents, studious, and plain Tao Qiuhong, Chen Liubian said handsome. When Emperor Xian of Han acceded to the throne, he was appointed as a commander in the Northern Army, a samurai corps commander, and a Beihai officer, and was called Kong Beihai. After six years in office, he built cities, established schools, promoted talents and showed Confucianism. He was recommended by Liu Bei and led Qingzhou secretariat. In the first year of Jian 'an (196), Yuan Tan attacked Beihai, and Kong Rong fought fiercely with it for several months, and finally fled to Shandong. Soon, he was recruited by the court as a master, moved to Shaofu, and served as a doctor in Taizhong. Good-natured guests, fond of discussing current affairs and fierce words, were later killed by Cao Cao for angering him. Kong Rong, a Kong Rong in the 12 th National Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, is good at poetry and writing, and Cao Pi called his writing "Yang (Yang Xiong) and Ban Gu (Ban Gu) also." The prose is sharp and concise, and the representative work is "Commending Mi Heng Table". Its six-character poem reflects the reality of the turmoil in the late Han Dynasty. The original anthology has been lost, and Zhang Pu, a Ming Dynasty, compiled Kong Beihai Collection. Kong Ba, the seventh ancestor of the family, was the teacher of the Emperor of the Han Dynasty. He was the great grandfather Kong Shang, the great deer satrap father Kong Zhou, the elder brother of a surname in Taishan, and the children of Kong Bao and Kong Qian. According to Biography of Zheng Kong Xun in the Later Han Dynasty, Kong Rong had a son and a daughter who were killed after being arrested in Kong Rong, while it was recorded in Shi Shuo Xin Yu Speech No.2 that they were two sons. Another woman in Kong Rong married a sheep, and she had a son, Yangfa, whose half-brother was Yang Hu. Related allusions Kong Rong let pears "San Zi Jing" contains "when you are four years old, you can let pears", which refers to the story that Kong Rong knew to give big pears to his brother when he was a child, and taught children to know how to abide by public order and good customs. When Cao Cao sent someone to catch Kong Rong's family, Kong Rong asked the messenger, hoping to save the two young sons, but one of them said a famous saying: "Do you see that there are eggs left under the nest?" Finally, Kong Rong's family was killed. The story of Kong Rong Jean Pear in the original work should be seen at the earliest in Notes on the New Words of the World: Kong Rong continued the Han Dynasty and said, "Kong Rong, a native of Lu, was the grandson of Confucius the 2th. Great grandfather is still good, and great deer is too satrap. Father Zhou, Taishan Duwei. " Rong Biechuan said: Rong is four years old, eating pears with his brother, and he needs to attract young people. People ask their reasons. Answer: "children, the law should take the smallest." The biography of Kong Rong in the Later Han Dynasty was annotated by Li Xian, who said:' When I was four years old, I ate pears with my brothers and learned from them. Adults asked him why, and replied,' I am a child, and I should take the youngest.' The reason is that the clan is strange. "Vernacular translation Kong Rong, a native of Qufu, Shandong Province in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the 2th grandson of Confucius. His great-grandfather Kong Shang was a great deer satrap, and his father was Kong Zhou, a captain of Mount Tai. Kong Rong's Biography records that when Kong Rong was four years old, he ate pears with his brother, always taking the small ones. Someone asked him why he did it. He replied, "children eat small, so it is reasonable to take small ones." Kong Rong Li Xian's Annotated Biography of Kong Rong in the History of the Three Kingdoms records: "When Kong Rong was four years old, he ate pears with his brothers, and Kong Rong always ate small ones. An adult asked him why he did it. He replied, "I'm young and I eat a little, so I should take a small one." "Because Kong Rong is so smart and wise, he learned this truth at an early age, and clan relatives think he is a wizard." The story of educational significance tells people that we should know how to abide by public order and good customs in everything. These are all moral common sense that should be known at an early age. The ancients attached great importance to moral common sense. Moral common sense is the basic content of enlightenment education, which is integrated into all aspects of daily life and study. Alternative Interpretation There was once a teacher who told the students the story of Kong Rong letting pears, and asked them to share their feelings about the story. Most of the students said that Kong Rong had the virtue of humility and how to learn. Only one student made a surprising remark: if Kong Rong refused to let Pear go, his brothers would beat him. This is his last choice. Perhaps in the eyes of his brothers, this is not humility, but a kind of submission. Carefully analyze the story itself: the elder brother is younger, the elder brother is stronger to the younger brother, and the younger brother is weaker to the younger brother; Pears are big and small, big pears are big ones, and small pears are small ones. The strong take advantage of the big profits and the weak take advantage of the small profits. How can we be humble? If the strong give the opportunity to occupy Italy to the weak, this is called humility (because the strong have already occupied Italy strongly). A psychologist in the United States selected 5 successful people and 5 criminals in the United States, and wrote to them respectively, inviting them to talk about their mothers. He was particularly impressed by two replies. A letter reads like this: When I was a child, one day, my mother brought some apples, and the red ones were different in size. I saw the big red one in the middle at a glance, so I didn't want to think about it. Mother put the apple on the table and asked my brother and me, "Which one do you want?" I just wanted to say the biggest and most popular one, but my brother beat me to it. After listening, the mother glared at her brother and scolded him: "Good boy, learn to give good things to others, and don't always think about yourself." As soon as I heard this, I immediately turned around and said to my mother, "Mom, I want the smallest one. Leave the big one to my brother." My mother was very happy and gave me the big apple "award". From then on, I learned that if you want to get what you want, you can't just say it, but learn to lie. After that, I learned to fight, steal and rob, and I will do whatever it takes to get what I want. I have been sent to prison until now. This is a letter from a prisoner. The second letter was written by a successful man named John. The letter said: When I was a child, one day my mother brought some apples of different sizes, and my brothers and I both scrambled for the bigger ones. Mother held the reddest and biggest apple in her hand and said to us, "children, this apple is the reddest, the biggest and the most delicious. You all have the right to have it, but there is only one big apple. What should we do?" Then let's make a comparison. I will divide the lawn in front of the door into three pieces, and the three of you will trim it together. Whoever works fastest and best will have the right to get it. " As a result, the best one won the biggest apple. This is not so much the American version of "Kong Rong lets pears" as "John competes for pears". To tell a story can determine a kind of life, which is obviously extreme; But it is not practical to say that the mother's ideas and practices have no influence on the child's life. The authenticity of the accident is not important, but the enlightenment it provides us. In the story of "John fighting for pears", John and their brothers, no matter how young, are "people" with independent personality and will in their mother's eyes, rather than "fart children" who can be arranged by adults' will. "John's Competition for Pears" faces up to human nature and rights, and realizes the unity between human rights and obligations, personal interests and social moral requirements by formulating and implementing rules. Of course, this kind of "struggle" is "open struggle", not "infighting", and it is more different from grabbing and seizing. It must be carried out under two conditions, one is that there is a set of agreed rules, and the other is that there is a "referee" to supervise the implementation of the rules. Western Views In a traditional western family, in order to observe the friendship between children, a parent put apples of different sizes on the table and let them choose. After the selection results came out, the parents praised the child who chose the smallest apple, but criticized the child who chose the big apple. In fact, at the beginning of the selection, the child who chose the small apple also wanted to choose the big apple, but he knew that choosing the small one could win the favor of adults better, thus violating his original intention. This, to some extent, inspired the children who were criticized, and indirectly led them to learn to lie and get in touch with some bad information prematurely. In the end, the children all went on the illegal road when they grew up. However, the same thing happened in another family, but different results occurred. Parents encouraged the children who chose the small apple, praised their friendly spirit, and praised the children who chose the big apple for their courage to pursue what they wanted. Obviously, these children have made extraordinary achievements when they grew up. From the practice, we can see that it is not Kong Rong who can make a saint by letting a pear (what argument is this, making a pear a saint, and the ancients let the uneducated people die). Special Stamps In order to celebrate the International Children's Day on June 1st, 27, the State Post Bureau will issue a set of 2 special stamps of "Kong Rong Rangli". The details of the stamps are as follows:No.: 27-14, Kong Rong, the name and face value of the map of Rang pear (2-1)T, the score of fruit is 1.2 yuan (2-2)T, Rang pear is 1.2 yuan, the stamp size: 3× 4mm, the perforation degree: 13.5×13 degrees, the whole number of sheets: 2 pieces (1 sets of stamps), the whole size: 15× 13. 13× 6mm related books Children's favorite story book-Kong Rong Jean Pear Author: Che Yanqing Edited by Publishing House: China Population Publishing House Publication Time: January 215 Catalogue Kong Rong Jean Pear

Looking at plum to quench thirst

Death of lips and cold teeth

Worrying about the sky

Suspicion of neighbors stealing axes.