Coronary heart disease in medicine refers to heart disease caused by myocardial ischemia, hypoxia or myocardial necrosis caused by organic stenosis or obstruction of the coronary arteries, also known as "ischemic heart disease", also known as "Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease". The main manifestations are angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, which can easily lead to sudden death of patients.

At present, for coronary heart disease, the global medical community is exploring effective methods of treatment, and it is a fact recognized by everyone that doctors occupy a dominant position in the treatment of coronary heart disease, but personal maintenance is also considerable. important. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease should always remain highly alert, pay attention to everything in their lives, and use a scientific and reasonable lifestyle to guide their actions. In general, the care of patients with coronary heart disease needs to start from the following aspects.

Dietary principles for patients with coronary heart disease

Among the risk factors for coronary heart disease, the most important ones are high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking, followed by obesity, diabetes, and mental illness. Neurological factors, and some factors that cannot be changed such as family genetic history, age, gender (male), etc. From these factors, the onset of coronary heart disease is directly or indirectly related to dietary nutrition. Therefore, paying attention to a reasonable diet is one of the important measures to prevent and treat coronary heart disease.

1. Control the quality and quantity of fat intake

Many studies have proven that long-term intake of large amounts of fat will increase the levels of blood cholesterol, plasma fat, and plasma lipoproteins. , which in turn leads to the occurrence of coronary heart disease. But even if you reduce the total amount of fat, you should also pay attention to the "quality" of fat: saturated fatty acids in fat can increase cholesterol, while unsaturated fatty acids can lower cholesterol. Animal fats contain more saturated fatty acids, while vegetable fats contain more unsaturated fatty acids. So, try to eat less or avoid animal fats and eat vegetable fats in moderation.

2. Control sugar intake

Carbohydrates are the main source of heat energy for the body. Excessive carbohydrate intake can cause calorie accumulation, which is converted into fat in the body, causing obesity and increasing blood lipids. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the total carbohydrate intake, especially the sugar intake. Daily calories are controlled at around 7500 joules.

3. Appropriately increase dietary fiber intake

Dietary fiber can absorb cholesterol, prevent cholesterol from being absorbed by the body, promote the excretion of bile acid from the feces, and reduce the production of cholesterol in the body. Therefore, sufficient dietary fiber should be included in the diet to prevent and treat coronary heart disease.

4. Intake rich vitamins

For example, vitamin C can promote the production of cholic acid from cholesterol, thereby lowering blood cholesterol, improving coronary circulation, and protecting blood vessel walls; niacin It can dilate peripheral blood vessels, prevent thrombosis, and reduce the level of triglycerides in the blood. Vitamin E has antioxidant effects and can prevent the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, protect myocardium, improve myocardial hypoxia, and prevent thrombosis. Therefore, there should be a variety of vitamins in the diet to ensure the normal nutrition of blood vessels.

5. Ensure the supply of necessary inorganic salts and trace elements

For example, iodine can inhibit the absorption of cholesterol from the intestines and reduce the deposition of cholesterol on the blood vessel walls, so it can slow down or prevent arteries. The development of atherosclerosis; calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper, chromium, etc. in the diet also have the effect of reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure adequate supply in meals.

6. Eat small meals frequently and avoid overeating

Especially at dinner, it is not advisable to overeat, otherwise it may easily induce acute myocardial infarction.

7. The diet should be light and low in salt

This is especially important for patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension. The salt intake should be controlled below 5 grams per day.

8. Control protein intake

Protein is an essential nutrient for maintaining the heart, but excessive intake is detrimental to coronary heart disease. Because protein is difficult to digest and can increase the burden on the heart, protein intake should be moderate. The protein content in daily food should not exceed 1 gram per kilogram of body weight.

9. Methods for patients with coronary heart disease to choose food

① Foods that can be eaten as long as the total amount is controlled: various cereals, especially whole grains, such as oats, corn, and buckwheat etc.; beans and their products; vegetables, such as onions, garlic, broccoli, mung bean sprouts, lentils, etc.; fungi and algae, such as mushrooms, fungus, kelp, seaweed, etc.; various melons, fruits and tea.

② Select foods in a controlled manner: lean meat, including lean pork, beef and poultry; fish, including most river fish and sea fish; vegetable oils, including soybean oil, corn oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, and fish oil , olive oil; milk, including skim milk and its products; egg white.

③ Foods to eat less or preferably avoid: animal fats, such as lard, butter, mutton fat, and chicken fat; fatty meats, including pigs, cattle, sheep, etc.; animal brains, bone marrow, Offal; egg yolks; fish roe; molluscs and shellfish; sugar, wine, tobacco, etc., especially hard alcohol and tobacco, but you can drink a small amount of red wine.

Sleep precautions for patients with coronary heart disease

Scientific sleep is very important for patients with coronary heart disease. Only by paying more attention during sleep can we effectively prevent the occurrence of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.

1. Pay attention to health care before going to bed

Dinner should be light and the food intake should not be large. It is better to eat easy-to-digest food with some soup. Don't be afraid of excessive urination at night and be afraid to drink water. Insufficient water intake can make the blood sticky at night.

Entertainment activities before going to bed should be moderate, and the time spent watching TV should be controlled. It is not advisable to sit in front of the TV screen for a long time, and do not watch programs with overly exciting content, otherwise it will affect sleep. Develop the habit of boiling your feet with hot water before going to bed, and then massage the center of your feet to promote blood circulation and help relieve the fatigue of the day. Go to bed on time and do not go to bed later than 11 pm every day.

2. Pay attention to sleeping position

Patients with coronary heart disease should sleep on the right side with their head high and feet low. When sleeping on the right side, the muscles of the whole body are relaxed, breathing is smooth, the heart is not compressed, and the oxygen supply required by the whole body during sleep is ensured, which is beneficial to reducing the occurrence of angina pectoris. Sleeping with the head elevated and the legs lowered reduces the amount of blood returned to the heart, which can greatly reduce the load on the heart and help the heart "rest". If patients with coronary heart disease are seriously ill and have developed heart failure, they should adopt a semi-recumbent position to reduce breathing difficulties and avoid lying on the left side or prone.

3. Pay attention to the time of waking up in the morning

Early morning is the most common time for angina pectoris and myocardial infarction in patients with coronary heart disease, and the most dangerous moment is the moment after waking up. Therefore, the first thing you do when you wake up in the morning is not to get dressed in a hurry, but to lie on your back for 5-10 minutes, massage the precordium and head, do some deep breathing, yawning, stretching and other activities, and then slowly sit up and get dressed. Put on your clothes and get out of bed slowly. Drink a glass of warm water in time after getting up to dilute the blood thickened due to water loss during sleep, which can prevent heart disease to the greatest extent.

4. Pay attention to the health of napping

Medical experts have found through experiments that napping for 30 minutes a day can reduce the incidence of angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart disease by 30%, so patients with coronary heart disease advocate napping. However, for patients with coronary heart disease, a nap of up to 1 hour is enough. Longer naps often lead to a deeper stage of sleep, and waking up from a deep sleep is like being woken up in the middle of the night, which is very uncomfortable. Pay more attention to your posture when taking a nap. The best lying position is on the right side. The best time to take a nap is around 1:00 pm, and then take a nap about an hour after lunch. After waking up from a nap, it is best to wake up slowly and give yourself a few minutes to wake up. In this way, after waking up, the sleepiness will be gone, you will feel good, and you will be in the best mental state soon. Some elderly people with coronary heart disease are accustomed to sitting and playing, which is not advisable. This posture will compress the chest, affect breathing, increase the load on the diseased heart, and cause cerebral ischemia.

Exercise principles for patients with coronary heart disease

Due to the limitations of medical development, there are no specific drugs that can cure coronary heart disease, so rehabilitation treatment is currently recommended internationally. The so-called rehabilitation treatment refers to helping patients relieve symptoms, improve cardiovascular function, and improve quality of life through active physical exercise and psychological and behavioral training; at the same time, it actively intervenes in risk factors for coronary heart disease. Therefore, exercise has become the primary method of rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease.

First of all, the exercise program should focus on endurance sports such as walking, jogging, Tai Chi, soft dance, gateball, games, and bicycles. Some small-force exercises can also be performed appropriately to enhance muscle strength. Such as using dumbbells for dynamic exercises. Secondly, the intensity of exercise should be judged by the heartbeat rate and perceived fatigue. During exercise, it is appropriate for the heart rate to reach about 60% to 80% of the individual's maximum heart rate. The elderly can use "170-age=heart rate" to control exercise intensity. For example, at the age of 60, 170-60=110, that is, the exercise heart rate can reach about 110 beats/minute. At the same time, you should also pay attention to how you feel when exercising. Generally, it is better to be slightly tired. Thirdly, the duration of each exercise should vary from person to person, generally 10 to 30 minutes is enough, and those with better physical strength can reach 60 minutes. Rest can be appropriately arranged during exercise. Finally, the number of exercises per week should also depend on individual circumstances, ranging from 3 to 7 times per week. According to research, elderly people who participate in moderate-intensity, short-term exercise, even once a week, can achieve the purpose of aerobic exercise and benefit both physically and mentally.

In addition to the above matters, patients with coronary heart disease should also pay attention to the following matters:

① Choose appropriate and gentle exercises that can not only achieve the training effect, but also be easy to persist. Competitive sports should be avoided to prevent danger.

② Only exercise when you feel good. Those who have developed severe heart failure, or who have had angina pectoris or myocardial infarction within three months, or those who have coronary heart disease accompanied by high blood pressure and are not under control, should not exercise. After a cold or fever, symptoms and signs should disappear for more than two days before recovery can occur. sports.

③ Pay attention to the influence of surrounding environmental factors on exercise response, including choosing a flat exercise venue. Cold and hot climates will relatively reduce the amount and intensity of exercise. Wear loose, comfortable, breathable clothes and shoes and socks when going uphill. Slow down when necessary, etc.

④Select exercise time. A survey found that early morning is the peak time for heart attacks, and exercising at this time can easily induce the disease. Therefore, when patients with coronary heart disease exercise, it is best to arrange them in the afternoon and evening.

⑤ It is not advisable to have a full meal before exercise. Because the blood supply in the human body needs to be redistributed after eating, the amount of blood flowing to the gastrointestinal tract to help digestion increases, while the blood supply to the heart is relatively reduced, which can easily lead to relative insufficient blood supply in the coronary arteries, leading to angina pectoris.

⑥Exercise should be done step by step. Those who do not usually exercise should not engage in excessive exercise or exercise for too long at first. Increase the amount of exercise after you gradually adapt.

⑦ Training must be sustained to achieve better results.

Three days of fishing and two days of drying the net are more likely to cause harm to the body.

⑧ When exercising in winter, you should pay attention to keeping warm from the cold. Winter is the season with high incidence of heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia and other diseases. Severe cold, low air pressure, large temperature differences and other harsh climates can put the human body in a state of stress, which is a dangerous period for patients with coronary heart disease. . In order for patients with coronary heart disease to successfully survive this dangerous season, it is very important to keep warm and cold-proof. During exercise, clothes should be added in time according to the weather conditions.

⑨Be wary of symptoms. If you notice symptoms such as upper body discomfort (including soreness, burning, tightening or swelling in the chest, arms, neck or jaw), weakness, shortness of breath, bone and joint discomfort (joint pain or back pain) during exercise, you should stop exercising. Use the medicines you carry with you, such as nitroglycerin, for treatment, and send to the hospital for emergency treatment if necessary.

⑩Avoid taking a hot bath immediately after exercising. Because the whole body is immersed in hot water, it will inevitably cause extensive blood vessel dilation, which will relatively reduce the blood supply to the heart.

Psychological adjustment of patients with coronary heart disease

The modern medical model divides diseases into three categories: physical diseases, psychosomatic diseases and mental diseases. Coronary heart disease belongs to the category of psychosomatic diseases. Although its pathological changes mainly occur in the heart, psychological factors play an important role in the pathogenesis. Negative emotions such as anxiety, tension, anger, and worry can cause a large outflow of adrenaline and other stress hormones in the blood, causing obvious consequences on the body, such as increased breathing, rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure, etc. In severe cases, it can also cause coronary artery disease. Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction may occur due to arterial vasospasm and obstruction. According to statistics, 2/3 of myocardial infarction cases have triggers, among which emotional excitement, mental stress and fatigue are the most common.

In the past, there was a tendency to rely solely on drugs for the treatment of coronary heart disease. However, the new biological-psychological-social medicine model believes that psychotherapy is the fourth most powerful therapeutic weapon alongside drug therapy, physical therapy (such as acupuncture, physiotherapy), and surgical therapy. Patients with coronary heart disease practice self-regulation and maintain emotional peace and stability, which not only helps control the disease and better exert the effect of drug treatment, but also helps prevent cardiac accidents such as myocardial infarction and sudden death. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease should follow the following principles of self-psychological adjustment.

1. Pay special attention to mental health in daily life, stay calm when encountering problems, and maintain emotional stability. Learn to control your emotions when watching intense games or exciting TV shows.

2. When encountering some unpleasant things, you must be able to think openly. If the worries come from interpersonal relationships or fame and fortune, the following famous sayings can be regarded as a good medicine for the treatment of coronary heart disease: We should look at the relationship between people and ourselves with a straight face, see the situation with fame and success lightly, and see clearly the situation between life and death.

3. Family members, relatives, friends, and neighbors should live in harmony, regardless of trivial matters. You can make concessions on non-principled matters, and you can discuss matters that are unthinkable with relevant personnel. When you really can't control your emotions, you can leave the scene temporarily and go to a quiet place to relax your emotions.

4. Usually cultivate some interest in music, calligraphy and painting, which is of great benefit to exercise your patience, concentrate your thoughts, stabilize your mood, and cultivate your sentiment.

5. Master a set of physical exercise and psychological adjustment methods. Such as self-relaxation training, through breathing relaxation, mind relaxation, or through Qigong, Tai Chi and other activities to enhance one's own recovery ability.

Patients with coronary heart disease should carry "Jiuxin Pills" with them

Any coronary heart disease patient with a history of angina pectoris or obvious myocardial ischemia confirmed by electrocardiogram should take the medicine strictly according to the doctor's instructions. Add or reduce medication blindly by yourself. In particular, when going out, you should be careful to carry medicines called "heart-saving pills", such as nitroglycerin, isoamyl nitrate, nifedipine, etc. Once symptoms of pre-angina pectoris appear, or when angina pectoris attacks, you should take them or inhale them immediately. to relieve pain. If you have to do something with a lot of activity, such as catching a train, taking a bath, etc., you can take a tablet of nitroglycerin or nifedipine in advance to prevent angina pectoris attacks.

In order to ensure the effectiveness of the medicine, you should pay attention to checking the condition of the medicine at ordinary times. If it appears to be expired, mildewed, damp, etc., it should be replaced immediately to avoid failure and life-threatening situations when first aid is needed.

The above are the principles that patients with coronary heart disease should abide by when recuperating. As long as you persist, your condition can be stabilized and your quality of life further improved.