1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, white supremacy and racist policies prevailed in Britain and America. The United States passed the first Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. 1906, California, USA required Japanese and China children attending ordinary schools to transfer to "Oriental schools". 1907 Japan reached a "Japan-US gentleman's agreement" with the United States under international pressure, that is, the United States no longer openly discriminates against Japanese nationals, while Japan secretly prohibits its own nationals from immigrating to the United States, which can be said to be a "face agreement" that deludes itself. 19 13 California promulgated the land ownership law, which prohibited the Japanese from owning land. Since then, more than ten anti-Japanese laws have been passed, including prohibiting the establishment of Japanese schools.

At the 19 19 Paris Peace Conference, the Japanese delegation was led by Paul Konoha. In view of the "white supremacy" at that time, the Japanese delegation insisted on adding "racial equality clause" to the articles of association of the League of Nations in preparation, otherwise Japan refused to sign it. Most of the participating countries, including the representative of China, voted in favor of the Japanese "racial equality clause", and the voting result of each country was 11out of 7 votes. However, the two delegations of the British Empire and the United States unanimously opposed it, and the Australian Federation, the closest delegation of the British Empire to Asia, opposed it the most strongly. Australian Prime Minister BillyHughes' famous saying that "95 out of every 100 people in Australia are against (racial) equality" was published at this time. In the end, Britain and the United States rejected the racial equality clause.

1923 Great Kanto Earthquake occurred in Japan, and the national strength suffered huge losses. By 1924, Americans did not give face to the "Japan-US gentleman's agreement" at all. In April of that year, the US House of Commons passed an immigration amendment bill against Japan, which almost completely banned Asians from entering the country and obtained US citizenship. In May, the President of the United States signed the bill. In July, the 1 bill came into effect.

When the news came out, Japan was in an uproar. On April 24th, more than 4000 people gathered in Osaka to speak against the anti-Japanese Chinese exclusion bill. Thousands of students in Tokyo held a parade. On June 5, the Tokyo 18 group launched the National Congress of the United States, with an audience of 60,000. 1 Many well-known scholars issued a tough declaration urging the United States to reflect on and oppose the anti-Japanese bill.

Japan's campaign against anti-Japanese immigration laws has also been supported by other Asian countries. 1924165438+10 In October, Sun Yat-sen delivered a speech on Greater Asianism in Kobe, calling on Asian nations to unite and jointly resist the aggression of European and American powers. Toth, the Indian independence movement, said that "the American anti-Japanese immigration bill is a bellicose expression of western imperialism". Tagore, Altai and others also criticized the anti-Japanese bill as an inhuman act that insulted the people of all Asia, and advocated the establishment of colored Asia and the formation of the Asian Free National Alliance against white America. This fundamentally shows that Britain and the United States believe in "white supremacy" and laid an unstable factor for the subsequent World War II.