Appreciation of the original text and translation of "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" 1
After a hard encounter, only a few stars are scattered around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating in the catkins, and the life experience is ups and downs and the rain is beating the rafts.
Afraid to say panic on the beach, sigh alone in the ocean.
Who has never died since ancient times? Keep your loyalty to reflect history.
——"Crossing the Lingding Ocean" by Wen Tianxiang of the Song Dynasty
Comments and translations
Translations
Looking back on my early years from the imperial examination to becoming an official After untold hardships, four hard years have passed since the war subsided.
The country is in danger like catkins in the strong wind, and the ups and downs in one’s life are like duckweeds in the rain, drifting without roots, rising and sinking.
The disastrous defeat in Panfengtan makes me still panic to this day. It is a pity that I was trapped in Yuanlu alone in the ocean and I have been helpless since then.
Since ancient times, people are bound to die! If you can be loyal to your country, you will still be able to shine for thousands of years after your death and leave your name in history.
Comments
Lingdingyang: Lingdingyang is "Lingdingyang". Now outside the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong Province. At the end of 1278, Wen Tianxiang led his army to fight a fierce battle with the Yuan army in Wupoling, Guangdong. He was defeated and captured. He was imprisoned on a ship and crossed the Lingding Ocean.
Encounter: Encounter. Qi Yi Jing was appointed as an official by the imperial court because he was proficient in a certain scripture and passed the imperial examination. Wen Tianxiang passed the exam at the age of twenty.
Gange: refers to the war against the Yuan Dynasty. liao (liáo): desolate and desolate. One is "Luoluo". Four weeks of stars: the fourth anniversary. Wen Tianxiang started fighting against the Yuan Dynasty in 1275 and was captured in 1278, which lasted for four years.
Catkins: Catkins.
Ping: duckweed.
Panic shoal: In today's Wan'an County, Jiangxi Province, it is a dangerous shoal in the Gan River. In 1277, Wen Tianxiang was defeated by the Yuan army in Jiangxi. The army he led suffered heavy casualties, and his wife and children were also captured by the Yuan army. He withdrew to Fujian via Panpantan.
Lingding: Lonely and helpless.
Loyal heart: red heart, a metaphor for loyalty.
History: Tonghanzhu, annals of history. In ancient times, abbreviations were used to dry the water with fire. After drying, they were easy to write and were not eaten by insects. It was also called history.
Appreciation 1
The first two sentences of this poem reflect the review of life; the middle four sentences closely follow the "Gangge sentence falls", clearly expressing the author's understanding of the current situation; the last two sentences The sentence is the author's unhesitating choice of his own destiny. The whole poem expresses the impassioned patriotic enthusiasm, the high moral integrity and the attitude of sacrificing one's life for righteousness. It is a noble expression of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation.
"After a hard encounter, the four stars fall all around." The "one scripture" refers to what Tianxiang said when he was a Jinshi in his twenties, and the "four stars" means four years. In the first year of Deyou (AD 1275, the reign name of Zhao Jia, Emperor Gong of the Song Dynasty), Tianxiang raised troops to serve the king, and was captured in the first year of Xiangxing (AD 1278, the reign name of Zhao Bing, King Wei of the Southern Song Dynasty), exactly four years ago. This self-narration of life, thinking about the present and recalling the past. From the perspective of time, "Joining the World" and "King Qin" are mentioned. One is the origin of the year, and the other is the country's peril. These are two major events. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, if an intellectual wanted to protect his family and country, he had to pass the imperial examination. The first choice was to read scriptures. When Wen Tianxiang was killed, he left a self-praise in his belt saying: "What do you learn from reading the books of sages?" From now on, I have nothing to be ashamed of." This is what ties these two things together. The writings written in the Holy Year are called scriptures, and scriptures are used to govern the country and bring peace to the country.
These two poems talk about two things, which seem to be separate and independent, but in fact they are connected together. The meaning of "Gange Luoluo" is similar to "Gange Luoluo". "History of the Song Dynasty" says that at that time Xiehou sent the emperor's edict and responded to it very few years ago. The situation described here is consistent with historical facts.
"The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is fluttering, and the life experience is ups and downs." It is still unfolded and in-depth narrated from the two aspects of the country and the individual. Since the Song Dynasty abandoned Lin'an and Emperor Gong Zhao Jia was captured, it was actually destroyed. All that was left was that the local military and civilians organized themselves to resist. Duanzong Zhao Yu, who was supported by Wen Tianxiang, Zhang Shijie and others, died of panic while fleeing. Lu Xiufu restored the eight-year-old Zhao Bing to build a palace in Yashan and fled to various places. Use the word "broken mountains and rivers" to describe this situation, and add the word "wind fluttering catkins" to make the image more vivid. At this time, Wen Tianxiang's mother was captured, his wife and concubines were imprisoned, and his eldest son was dead. He was really like a duckweed on the water, helpless and helpless.
"I was scared when I was on the beach, and I sighed when I was alone on the ocean." I continued to trace the different situations and moods of the past and the past. In the past, I was scared on the beach, worried about the country and the people, and I was sincere and frightened; today, I am alone on the ocean for a year, and I sigh. Ding Ding. Huangfeng Beach is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang River. The current is so fast that it frightens the people. It is also called Fangfang Beach. The original name was Huanggongtan, but due to similar pronunciation, it was mistakenly called Huanggongtan. The beach is located in the Ganjiang River in today's Wan'an County, Jiangxi Province. Wen Tianxiang passed by here when he raised troops to serve the king. Lingdingyang was located outside Yashan, 15 miles away from the Pearl River in present-day Guangdong Province. It was now named Dingdingyang. Wen Tianxiang was defeated and captured and escorted here. The former is reminiscence, the latter is the current reality, both are experienced personally. One is a general and the other is a prisoner. Therefore, the generals in the war, facing powerful enemies, may not be able to complete their mission of defending the land and restoring the country, and they are anxious and uneasy. As a prisoner, he was left alone for only one year.
Here, "wind flutters with catkins", "rain beats with pings", "panic beach", and "lonely ocean" are all in front of you. You can pick them up at your fingertips, the dialogues are neat, the words are natural, and the images are vivid, revealing a cavity of grief and anger and tears of blood.
"Who has never died since ancient times? Leave a loyal heart to reflect the history." The pen turns and suddenly goes forward, from the present to the future, pushing aside the reality and revealing the reality. Such conclusion is like ringing a bell and leaving no sound. linger. The style of the whole poem suddenly changes, from melancholy to pioneering, bold, and free and easy. "Who has never died since ancient times? Leave a loyal heart to illuminate history!" The whole article ends with majestic momentum and high-pitched sentiment, reflecting his national integrity and his view of life and death of sacrificing one's life for righteousness. It is true that Wen Tianxiang integrated poetry and New Year, poetic style and New Year style into one whole. A masterpiece for the ages, with a high mood, it inspires and inspires countless people with lofty ideals throughout the ages to devote themselves heroically to the cause of justice. "Crossing Lingding Ocean" original text and translation appreciation 2
Appreciation
"Crossing Lingding Ocean" is a poem written by Wen Tianxiang, a minister of the Song Dynasty, when he passed Lingding Ocean in 1279. The first two sentences of this poem reflect the poet's review of his life; the middle four sentences closely follow "Fightings are few and far between" and clearly express the author's understanding of the current situation; the last two sentences are the author's unhesitating choice of his own destiny. The whole poem expresses the impassioned patriotic enthusiasm, the high moral integrity and the outlook on life of sacrificing one's life for righteousness. It is a noble expression of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation.
Translation of "Crossing the Lingding Ocean"
"Crossing the Lingding Ocean"
Wen Tianxiang of the Southern Song Dynasty
After a hard encounter, the stars fell all around . The mountains and rivers are broken, the wind flutters and the catkins float, and the life experience is ups and downs.
Afraid to say panic on the beach, sigh alone in the ocean. Who has never died since ancient times? Keep your loyalty to reflect history.
It can be said that it is like duckweed in a shower.
The disastrous defeat at Panpantan makes me still terrified.
Ling Dingyang is trapped in Yuanlu, but I feel lonely and lonely.
Who has been able to live forever since ancient times?
I want to leave a piece of patriotic loyalty reflected in the annals of history.
Author introduction
Wen Tianxiang (1236-1282), whose courtesy name was Song Rui, whose courtesy name was Lu Shan, and whose nickname was Wenshan, was from Luling, Jizhou (now Ji'an, Jiangxi Province). In 1256 AD (the fourth year of Emperor Lizong Baoyou's reign in the Song Dynasty), he ranked first among Jinshi scholars. In 1275 AD (the first year of Emperor Gong Deyou of the Song Dynasty), Yuan soldiers went eastward, formed a rebel army in Ganzhou, and entered Lin'an (today's Hangzhou, Zhejiang) to defend Lin'an. The following year, he removed the Prime Minister You and the Privy Envoy, and was detained as an envoy to the Yuan army to discuss peace. He later fled to Wenzhou and fought in Jiangxi, Fujian, Ling and other places, and regained many prefectures and counties. In 1278 AD (the first year of Emperor Xiangxing of the late Song Dynasty), he was defeated and captured. He vowed to die unyielding and died in Dadu (today's Beijing). He was good at poetry and prose, and most of his poems wrote about his determination to die rather than surrender. There is "The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan". "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" Original Text and Translation Appreciation 3
"Crossing the Lingding Ocean"
After a hard encounter, only a few stars were scattered around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating in the catkins, and the life experience is ups and downs and the rain is beating the rafts.
Afraid to say panic on the beach, sigh alone in the ocean.
Who has never died since ancient times? Keep your loyalty to reflect history.
Comments and translations
Translations
Looking back on my early years, I went through a lot of hardships from the imperial examination to become an official. Now that the war has subsided, four hard years have passed.
The country is in danger like catkins in the strong wind, and the ups and downs in one's life are like duckweeds in the rain, drifting without roots, rising and sinking.
The disastrous defeat in Panfengtan makes me still panic to this day. It is a pity that I was trapped in Yuanlu alone in the ocean and I have been helpless since then.
Since ancient times, people are bound to die! If you can be loyal to your country, you will still be able to shine for thousands of years after your death and leave your name in history.
Comments
Lingdingyang: Lingdingyang is "Lingdingyang". Now outside the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong Province. At the end of 1278, Wen Tianxiang led his army to fight a fierce battle with the Yuan army in Wupoling, Guangdong. He was defeated and captured. He was imprisoned on a ship and crossed the Lingding Ocean.
Encounter: Encounter. Qi Yi Jing was appointed as an official by the imperial court because he was proficient in a certain scripture and passed the imperial examination. Wen Tianxiang passed the exam at the age of twenty.
Gange: refers to the war against the Yuan Dynasty. liao (liáo): desolate and desolate. One is "Luoluo". Four weeks of stars: the fourth anniversary. Wen Tianxiang started fighting against the Yuan Dynasty in 1275 and was captured in 1278, which lasted for four years.
Catkins: Catkins.
Ping: duckweed.
Panic Beach: In today's Wan'an County, Jiangxi Province, it is a dangerous shoal in the Gan River. In 1277, Wen Tianxiang was defeated by the Yuan army in Jiangxi. The army he led suffered heavy casualties, and his wife and children were also captured by the Yuan army. He withdrew to Fujian via Panpantan.
Ling Ding: Lonely and helpless.
Loyal heart: red heart, a metaphor for loyalty.
History: Tonghanzhu, annals of history. In ancient times, abbreviations were used to dry the water with fire. After drying, they were easy to write and were not eaten by insects. It was also called history.
Purpose
This poem is full of sorrow and sadness. It laments both the fate of the country and itself. It exaggerates the hatred of the family and the country, the hardship and hardship to the extreme, but in the last sentence it turns from sadness to strength, From the depression to the rising, the poem "No one has died since ancient times, leaving his loyalty to illuminate the history". It is impassioned and resonant. It shows the poet's national integrity and the view of life and death of sacrificing life for righteousness with majestic momentum and high tone.
Creation background
This poem is dated to the second year of Song Xiangxing (1279 AD). In the first year of Xiangxing of the Song Dynasty (1278), Wen Tianxiang was defeated and captured at Wupoling in the north of Haifeng, Guangdong. He was taken to a ship and wrote this poem when he crossed the Lingding Ocean the following year. After being escorted to Yashan, Zhang Hongfan forced him to write a letter to recruit Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu and others who were sticking to Yashan to surrender. Wen Tianxiang showed this poem to clarify his ambition.
Thoughts and feelings
"Loyal heart" refers to a red and fiery heart. People who are loyal to the country are generally described as "bloody red hearts."
"History" refers to historical books. In ancient times, before the invention of paper, military and state affairs could only be recorded on bamboo slips. However, the water in the bamboo slips had to be evaporated with fire first, so that it would be convenient to write and prevent insects from being eaten. Later generations used this method. By extension, the classics recording history are collectively called "history".
The meaning of these two poems, "No one has died since ancient times, and his loyalty will be remembered by history." It means that through the ages, people will inevitably die. If they die to save the motherland, their sincerity will forever be remembered in history.
Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang, Shi Kefa and others are all martyrs who are willing to throw their heads and blood for the country and the people. Their heroic feelings are consistent with the poetic meaning of these two poems. So who are these two poems? What about human handwriting?
At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Guangdong and captured by the Yuan army. He was taken to the north and imprisoned. On the way, he passed Lingding Ocean and wrote the poem "Crossing Lingding Ocean" to express the loss of his country and his family. Depression. The second half of this poem is as follows:
"I am afraid on the beach, and I sigh alone in the ocean. No one has died since ancient times, and his loyalty is left to illuminate history."
Expressed the author's expression His patriotism reflects his high integrity and his outlook on life of sacrificing himself for righteousness, and fully embodies his national spirit.
Afterwards, Wen Tianxiang was never moved by any coercion or inducement and generously went to justice!
Appreciation 1
This is a poem that will last forever. The poem begins with a review of life experience. It is intended to imply that you have been tempered for a long time and are fearless no matter what hardships and hardships you have. Then I recounted my combat career: I spent four years in a desolate and desolate war environment. Linking personal destiny to the rise and fall of the country. Three or four sentences continue to express the development of the situation and the deep sorrow and indignation from both the national and personal aspects. This couplet has neat contrasts and appropriate metaphors, truly reflecting the social reality at that time and the poet's experience. National disasters, personal ups and downs, and all kinds of pain tortured the poet's feelings, making his words doubly sad. The five or six sentences are deeper and deeper, using typical events in the encounter to once again show the poet's painful soul trembling due to the destruction of the country and personal danger. The last two sentences converge the whole article with majestic momentum, and write a heroic oath of preferring death to surrender. The meaning is that since ancient times, how can there be immortality in life? As long as this patriotic loyalty can be left to shine in the annals of history.
This famous saying that has been recited through the ages is a hymn to an ideal life composed by the poet with his own blood and life. The tone of the whole poem is melancholy and solemn, and the awe-inspiring righteousness runs through the rainbow. It is indeed a great patriotic poem that moves the heaven and the earth and weeps ghosts and gods.
Appreciation 2
"After all the hard work, only a few stars fell all around." The author, facing the critical moment of life and death, recalled his life and was filled with emotion. He grasped two major things, one was to become an official with Ming Jing, and the other was to be "King of Diligence". Starting from these two ends, the historical background and personal mood at that time were well written. "There are only a few fights" refers to the overall situation of the country. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty", the imperial court recruited soldiers from all over the world, but there were very few who held high the flag of righteousness and sacrificed their lives for the country like Wen Tianxiang. The author uses the four words "fighting only rarely", implying his anger towards those who are living an ignoble existence and his condemnation of the capitulationists!
If the first couplet is recounted from the vertical aspect, then the jaw couplet is exaggerated from the horizontal aspect. "The mountains and rivers are broken, the wind is fluttering with catkins, and the life experience is ups and downs, the rain is hitting the rafts." The author uses desolate natural scenes to metaphor the decline of the country's affairs, expressing his grief very deeply. The fate of oneself is closely linked to the future of the country. The lonely ministers of the subjugated country are like rootless duckweeds floating on the water with nothing to rely on. This situation is already miserable enough. And the author added the word "rain" on top of "ping", which makes it even more miserable. This "ups and downs of life experience" summarizes the author's arduous struggle and rough life. This couplet has neat contrasts, appropriate metaphors, vivid images, and strong emotions. Reading it makes people feel sad!
The five or six sentences closely follow the previous meaning and further exaggerate the meaning. In the second year of Jingyan (1277), after Wen Tianxiang's army was defeated by the Yuan soldiers, they retreated from the panic beach area to Tingzhou, Fujian. At that time, he faced the sea and was pursued by soldiers. How to survive the dangerous situation and turn defeat into victory was what he was most worried about and feared the most.
Now that the army has been defeated, and as a prisoner, he is being escorted across the Lingding Ocean, how can he not feel lonely? This couplet is particularly full of emotion. The two emotionally charged place names "panic" and "lingdingyang" are naturally opposite to each other, and they are used by the author to express his "panic" yesterday and the "lonely" in front of him. It is really said that A swan song in the history of poetry!
In the above six sentences, the author exaggerates the hatred and hardships of his family and country to the extreme, and the sadness converges to a climax, but the last couplet is interrupted in one stroke: "Who has never died in life since ancient times? Leave a loyal heart. Follow history!" The whole article ends with majestic momentum and high-pitched sentiment, reflecting his national integrity and his view of life and death of sacrificing one's life for righteousness. The wonderful ending makes the whole story change from sad to strong, from melancholy to uplifting, forming an immortal song. In this sentence, the author speaks directly from his heart, expressing the poet's national integrity of generously dying for the sake of national security.
Influence on later generations
"Crossing the Lingding Ocean" is a famous article that has permeated Changhong and inspired future generations, especially "No one has died since ancient times, leaving a loyal heart to illuminate history" which has influenced generations after generations. patriots and the general public. From the "May 4th Movement" to the Anti-Japanese War, in China, in Southeast Asia and overseas, whether in literary creation, drama performance, or song singing, you can often see "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" and other chapters, inspiring national sentiments. . It has profound inspiration and far-reaching influence on the integrity of people with lofty ideals and the sincerity and literary talent of later generations.
Appreciation 4
In the late Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang fought with the Yuan army in Chaozhou and was captured. When passing through Lingtingyang, the Yuan army forced him to surrender the Song army that was defending Yashan. He wrote this poem. The poet made his ambition clear with his poem, showing his high moral integrity and awe-inspiring heroic spirit.
"After all the hard work, only a handful of stars fell all around." The poet looked back on his official career and war experience: he was reused by the court because of the imperial examination, and he has spent four spring and autumn years in the desolate and desolate war environment. . "Fighting only rarely" here also means that the war between the Song and Yuan Dynasties is coming to an end, and the Southern Song Dynasty is almost destroyed. "The broken mountains and rivers are like catkins fluttering in the wind, and the ups and downs of life are like raindrops." The broken mountains and rivers are like catkins floating in the wind, and the turbulent life is like raindrops. National disasters and personal ups and downs are condensed in these two metaphorical sentences, which means that the fate of the country and individuals is irreversible. "I speak of fear at the beach of fear, and sigh at Lingding in the ocean of loneliness." On the beach of fear where the army was defeated, the poet also worried about his own fate. Now when he passes by the ocean of Lingding, how can he not lament his loneliness and inability to save the country. "Since ancient times, who has never died, and left a picture to illuminate history!" Since ancient times, who in the world can avoid death? I just want to leave a brave and loyal heart that will shine in the annals of history forever. This impassioned speech directly expresses the righteousness in the heart, showing the firm belief and high fighting spirit of sacrificing life for righteousness and seeing death as home. Therefore, it has become a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.