The second aspect is observation. Writing a composition is not confined in a room, but observed and experienced in real life. Because life is the source of writing! Some people, he went out to "observe", just glanced at it and ignored the details. Therefore, the composition written is just an outline, and there are no main points or details at all. Therefore, when observing, we should pay attention to it and be careful, so as to write a unique and good composition. I remember when I went out, my father often pointed and asked questions to get my attention and thought.
Third, read more extracurricular books. This is an important channel for accumulating words and the key to writing a composition. Including books ordered at home and various books in bookstores. As long as I have time, I will go to the bookstore to read all kinds of extracurricular books. Of course, you can't write a perfect composition just by reading. The key is to accumulate, remember and use it well. Only in this way can we achieve the goal of "serving others and serving me", so that when writing a composition, we can do whatever we want and write freely.
Basic idea
First, establish a sensory system, not a vocabulary system, and use feelings to understand and interpret vocabulary, not words to guide feelings. First, establish a thinking system, not a language system, and weave language with thinking, rather than standardizing thinking with language or grammar.
First, establish an emotional system, not a theme system, and sublimate the theme with emotion, instead of freezing the theme with theme.
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2. What are the key writing techniques in which the composition idea belongs to artistic expression techniques (that is, artistic techniques and expression techniques, as well as expression techniques (skills))? Common ones are: exaggeration, contrast, metaphor, personification, suspense, concern, association and imagination. Cadence, point-to-surface combination, dynamic and static combination, narrative and discussion combination, scene blending, contrast, bedding, objects and symbols, fine painting, suspense bedding, positive metaphor and symbol, satirizing the present and borrowing from the past, revealing ambition, connecting the preceding with the following, straight to the point, comparison, rendering, dynamic and static contrast, brushwork, etc. belong to artistic expression techniques (that is, the combination of artistic techniques and expression techniques is cadence, cadence and brushwork)
Virtual and real, real and virtual writing, support, poetry and so on. Expression is common narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation.
(In fact, it also belongs to artistic expression). Rhetoric is a common metaphor, contrast, analogy, duality, metonymy, exaggeration, intertextuality, pun, rhetorical question, repetition, irony, quotation and so on. Structural integrity means that writing should be organized and arranged with clear ideas.
Its specific performance is: (1) integrity. Have a head and a tail, both head and tail; The stylistic elements are complete and meet the requirements of stylistic format.
(2) orderliness. Clear thinking and distinct levels; The paragraphs are arranged reasonably and the cutting combination is appropriate.
(3) rigidity. Carefully laid out, echoing before and after; The transition from top to bottom is natural and coherent.
Specifically, different problems have different requirements for "integrity". The narrative in the narrative mainly depends on whether the beginning, development, * * and ending of the event are clear, and the screenwriter mainly depends on whether the characters are vivid; Argumentative writing mainly depends on whether the argument is correct, whether the argument is typical and sufficient, and whether the argumentation process is clear.
In the arrangement of materials, the narrative changes greatly, and the arrangement is ups and downs to attract readers; Generally speaking, the structure of argumentative writing should be to ask questions, analyze problems and solve problems. In a word, no matter how to arrange, the use of materials should fully serve the needs of the center, which is the premise of ensuring structural integrity.
If it is useless or of little use to the expression center, then the material itself must be resolutely discarded even if it is very vivid. Writing refers to how to arrange the structure of an article. 1. Accurately grasp the integrity of the writing object. Everything has its own structural characteristics. When the article expresses this thing, its structure cannot completely deviate from the structural characteristics of this thing itself.
Therefore, to make the structure of the article complete, we must first have a complete, detailed and comprehensive understanding and grasp of the structure of this thing. This is the basis and premise of the complete structure of the article.
2. Explore ideas from multi-directional associative thinking. Generally speaking, for a topic, we can start thinking from six categories: "evaluation, how, result, time, space and object". Let's take "personality" as an example to explain it in detail.
(1) Evaluation-Evaluate the value of the topic, such as good or bad, good or bad, good or evil, and establish the central theme of the article by expressing your own position of approval or opposition, affirmation or negation. For example, "personality" is divided into high and low.
I know what to affirm and what to deny. (2) How-what is the specific content of the topic?
It can be narrated by vivid facts, and it can also be illustrated by concrete examples. For example, "Adults first, talents later" is the main sentence. (3) the result-on the premise of the topic, what kind of result can be considered.
For example, a sound personality can make people become talents, and vice versa. (4) Time-past, present and future.
It can be described in a specific time background or compared with the past and the present. The understanding of the importance of "personality" has existed since ancient times and will not change now and in the future.
(5) Space-including fields, places and occasions. Often different spatial backgrounds will give different contents to the topic. There are differences in understanding of "personality" between China and the West.
(6) Object-Starting from different people or things will lead to different understanding of the topic. Similarly, different people have different understandings of "personality".
The general idea of "rigorous structure" is to require coherent writing, clear organization and distinct levels. To do this, we must master the general structure of argumentative writing.
The structure of argumentative essays generally includes total score, progressive, parallel, comparative and heuristic. Among them, inductive writing is a common structural way of composition in examination room.
"Enlightenment" refers to consciousness, and "feeling" refers to feeling. * * * The same feature is that the materials are presented first and the feelings are behind.
Feelings can be described first and then sent, or read and feel, such as literary criticism. This writing method generally consists of four steps: introduction, discussion, connection and conclusion.
Of course, you can also take the steps of "connecting", "introducing", "discussing", "concluding" or "leading", "connecting", "discussing" and "concluding". Generally speaking, it should be composed of three parts: asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, that is, what to do, why to do it, how to do it or how to do it.
Asking questions is to put forward the central argument or theme of the article and clarify the center of discussion. There is no need to expand here, let alone give examples, so the text should be concise and general, generally around 100 words.
The method can be to describe the topic directly, quote the topic, tell the topic and so on. Analyzing problems means putting facts and reasoning.
Generally speaking, you can arrange three or four paragraphs (more than 600 words), discuss them from several different angles, or list several sub-arguments. Or parallel development (including positive and negative contrast), or progressive layer by layer.
Each paragraph has its task, each paragraph has its function and each paragraph has its purpose. To highlight the argument, it is important to explain "why" clearly, and we should not let one example occupy a paragraph, and several examples will be finished as soon as they are put away.
Solving the problem is the conclusion of the article. First, we must adhere to the center and follow the trend; Second, we must strengthen the center and increase our efforts; Third, be concise; Fourth, we should be inspiring and inspiring.
In addition, in order to make the structure rigorous, it is necessary to start from.
3. Seek writing ideas. Daughter, why don't you ask Lao Dou? Really. This is written by Lao Dou for your reference! This is what Lao Dou made.
How easy it is for us to give ourselves a thumbs-up, that is, such an action has its special significance and function. She can restore your hope when you are close to despair. It will increase your confidence after you fail again and again.
Still thinking about the basketball game in the second day of junior high school, it was a failure that we will never forget.
Every afternoon, we train on the court early, sweat soaked our clothes and fell to the ground countless times, but we are not afraid, because we firmly believe that our efforts will not be in vain, and we are champions. Therefore, no matter what the reason, we will not miss a training class, or even work hard on holidays.
The day before the game, we came to the stadium as usual. Everyone has a lot on his mind. Yes, we are afraid of failure. We need success!
At the beginning of the game, we scored first, and the players gradually entered the state. But we can't let go, and we can't play according to the rhythm of training. We were two points behind with the last chance to attack in the game. We had a chance to turn defeat into victory, but something unexpected happened. A player suddenly squatted down to tie his shoelaces, and the referee ignored him and refused to serve. As a result, time passed in that shoelace. As soon as the whistle blows, the game is over. We watched our opponents cheering there, and we sat on the ground thinking. We lost not in strength, but in other reasons.
We didn't come out of failure for a long time. In fact, it seems that we just lost the score. We haven't lost anything. We fought, we tried, we worked for it. Therefore, no matter then or now, we have reason to be proud and give ourselves a thumbs up. "We are champions!"
Difficulties are sometimes simple and sometimes difficult, but please believe that as long as you dare to fight, you will win. Don't be so stingy that you don't give yourself a thumbs up if you don't succeed. We should also give our thumbs up proudly for our efforts in the long career struggle!
4. Some writing ideas are * * * 3: 1, go forward, go forward 2, and pursue dreams. I am a bird eager to fly. Story: I believe I am an eagle. I caught a young eagle alone on the top of the mountain in Ying Chao. He took the baby eagle home and kept it in a chicken coop. Eagles and chickens peck, play and rest together. The owner wants to train it into a falcon, but because he is mixed with chickens all day, it becomes exactly like a chicken and has no desire to fly at all. The host tried all kinds of methods, all to no avail. Finally, he took it to the top of the mountain and threw it out. The eagle fell straight like a stone and flapped its wings desperately in panic. In this way, it finally flew: it honed the power to summon success and understood the story.
5. How to conceive the composition of primary school students The three concepts of composition conception skills are the overall design and conception of the composition before writing. It can be said that with good ideas, the article is half successful. However, many students don't pay attention to this key step, so they want to start over in the middle of writing, or they have nothing to say because there are not enough words. The writer can conceive for a long time, and the composition in the examination room is a quick decision. Although time is tight, this step cannot be omitted. The following is a quick idea of writing in the examination room. The first step: from the point to the surface, the so-called "point" is the topic, and the so-called "surface" is the multi-faceted and multi-level thinking divergence around the topic. In the words of Mr. Zhu Guangqian, this is "thinking" and "thinking in all directions with topics". Once the floodgate is opened, thoughts will flood in-or an instant memory, an anecdote, an unforgettable experience, an instant spark of thought, even a quip, an accurate sentence ... as long as it is related to the topic, we must grasp it and write it down simply. At this time, you will find that the expanding thoughts gradually enter a state of seclusion, and the things you think of are gradually unique and profound. At first, I was worried that I couldn't cook. At this time, I am like a military commander who has concentrated a strong force to attack the city and plunder the village. Confidence is greatly increased, and the desire to write and * * * is also ignited. The topic of this year's Shanghai Spring Examination composition is "Voice". Many candidates write about their parents and teachers' education. The content is almost dry. The reason is that they didn't spread the net of thinking as far as possible from the beginning, but wrote when they thought of it. A candidate said that as long as you are willing to spend a little time thinking, you will find that the sound world that was ignored by yourself is extremely rich and vivid. Whether it is the nature all year round or the campus from morning till night, many voices are worth listening to and writing. Step 2: The "point" from face to point is no longer a topic, but a wonderful point is extracted on the basis of the "face" obtained in step 1. After the idea is laid out, the next thing is "collection", and the so-called "collection" is screening and refining. Faced with a large number of available materials, the "fiery" mind just now must calm down and conduct a rigorous examination with a rational eye. Deviate from the topic and have to be eliminated; If the narrative is lengthy, you have to give up what you love; Those who are easy to "crash" with others can only be abandoned. Looking for gold in the sand, choosing the best from the best, leaving behind bright spots and wonderful points, is an elite soldier to defeat the enemy. However, there are more important things to do, that is, through deep thinking, tap the connotation and enhance their own value. In this year's spring exam, the voice chosen by a candidate is the roar of planes flying over the campus from time to time. -when the spring breeze is proud, she feels that the roar is like the horn of departure, and the future is bright; When she was depressed, she fantasized about which plane she could fly to a strange place to start over. She also thinks that there will be or will be sad or tortuous or touching stories on every plane ... so she feels unfinished, and then she thinks of two things: first, life is like a journey. Once you set sail, you can't go backwards. Even if you cross the clouds, you must go forward bravely. Second, on the ground, it seems that the plane in the air is just a passing dot, and so is life. Many things that are very important to you are only "a little" that will soon pass in the eyes of others, so don't get carried away, and walk on when you are frustrated. Coupled with these two philosophical insights caused by the roar of the plane, the content of the article is undoubtedly going to the next level. If the first step above pursues breadth, then the second step pursues depth. Just like a geological prospector who travels all over the green hills and Gobi and finds a mine, he will drill deep from the surface and make substantial progress. The third step: from point to line The so-called point to line is to connect the extracted wonderful points into a line and form a complete organic idea. Of the three steps, this one is relatively easy, but it is also an important part to improve the quality of the article. Viewpoint material, which comes first; A few materials, which are detailed and which are omitted; How to connect several paragraphs; How to design the beginning and end; How to determine the most suitable clue, how to make the title novel and unique, etc., all need to make overall arrangements and make a final decision at this time. The author wanted to write an excellent composition "Listening to Nature" in the spring exam according to the chronological order of spring, summer, autumn and winter, but on second thought, this is the routine of telling the truth, so he chose to start from the present winter. Spring thunder is earth-shattering, summer rain is surging, and autumn wind is devastating. Everyone has learned their arrogant personality and mighty voice. I think this moment is very long.
In winter, everything is silent, but not long ago, I came to a garden and saw a large area of Chimonanthus praecox, and thousands of branches were covered with seemingly transparent and delicate pale yellow flowers. The north wind blew, and the fragrance was overflowing. I suddenly realized that it was not a cold current, not a north wind, but a song of wintersweet and a cry of life. This opening is not only closely related to the topic, but also sudden and fascinating. Therefore, this last step, although more of a formal consideration, is also crucial and promising.
6. Find a good idea for a composition 1. Reading makes life more exciting. Some people may like it, but some people will be bored.
I used to be a person who didn't like reading, but since I personally tasted its color, I gradually fell in love with reading. In the reading world, you will suck the rain and dew of knowledge as hard as a dying grass; In the world of reading, you will fly in the vast sky of knowledge like a bird; In the world of reading, you will swim in the ocean full of knowledge like a fish ... The famous writer Goethe once said: "Reading a good book is talking to a noble person."
Yes, books are the ladder of human progress. Only by reading constantly can we make progress, have a chance to talk with noble people and realize that there are many unknown facts in this world. In short, reading will become your bosom friend, it will inspire you, it will tell you your ignorance, it will let you know the root of being a man in this world, and it will let you know more stories about the growth of celebrities.
I used to be a person who was tired of reading. Later, at my father's initiative, I tried to get close to some children's illustrated newspapers and magazines. Later, I actually liked reading. Reading in the supermarket or bookstore is my favorite thing to do every Saturday or Sunday. In these places, I always stare at it with a book. Although I read a little slowly, it is because I have to understand the content before I can read the next page. Reading is a kind of cultural accomplishment, a way to inspire people, a way to make people understand the truth, and a way to knock on the door of the knowledge hall. Therefore, people think that reading makes life more exciting.
Dear bookworms, do you also think that reading makes life more exciting? Then let's try to be the "scholarly boy" of this generation! 2. Reading makes life more exciting. Dad always said that reading more books would do a lot of good. Even the teacher said that reading has many advantages, that is, it is beneficial to open books. But I don't know what is good about reading and what role it plays in life.
But it soon changed my mind. Once the school organized an extracurricular knowledge contest.
One question is this: Why are koalas all fragrant? Three choices: A is born, B is born in incense, and C eats a fragrant leaf, which will be fragrant after a long time. Where have I seen this question? Oh, I remember. It was a scientific paper I read the day before yesterday.
It is said that koalas love eucalyptus leaves, and there is an ingredient in these leaves, which will be very fragrant after eating for a long time. I chose C.
A few days later, the test paper was handed out, and it was C. There were still many questions that I read before I did it correctly.
Another time, I took a composition class. The teacher asked us to write an article about persuasion.
I quoted some famous sayings and ancient poems. Many people didn't expect it, but I did.
When commenting on the composition, the teacher read this article to everyone for them to learn and praised me for my love of reading. These are the effects that I usually see and accumulate.
I finally understand that reading can make us supplement our extracurricular knowledge and write good articles. Of course, the most important thing is that reading makes life more exciting.
So reading has many advantages. 3. Reading makes life more exciting. When I was a child, I always tried to read some ancient poems, "Goose Goose, Xiang Tiange …" Hey! Looking at those square words, I really want to shout and spit out my troubles.
You see, at that time, I just didn't like reading. I didn't know the importance of reading until I grew up.
On that day, there will be a knowledge contest in the class. I think my grades are good and I should be able to pass. But many of the teachers' exams are knowledge that I usually don't care about! Because in normal times, I just want to concentrate on what the teacher says in class and don't learn anything else! Now I know what a book that hates being used by people means. I can only feel ashamed when I watch my classmates raise their hands to speak! From then on, I began to read some books, and I found reading is a very happy thing! The little match girl made me feel deeply sorry for her. A Dream of Red Mansions tells me that in the old society, people cheated each other and sacrificed a lot of beautiful humanity. A collection of primary school students' compositions taught me how to write a good composition.
Reading has joys and sorrows, which makes me understand that life will be bumpy and ups and downs! I once read a passage in a book: reading can cure stupidity, poverty, illness, temper will, achieve a lofty goal, practice and be smart. Reading can know how to make friends, know people, do things, talk, and live to be healthy! Reading can understand what kind of life is perfect without regrets! Yes, reading has brought us too much, not only knowledge, but also the truth of being a man! When reading children's encyclopedia, I learned a lot of historical knowledge and thousands of years of social history.
What is even more exciting is Military World, which shows me how the people of China are not afraid of strong enemies and have made great achievements through self-reliance! Too much knowledge constantly enriches me and makes me love reading more and more! Now reading has become an indispensable part of my life, and "100,000 Why" makes me more eager for knowledge. I always take "Why" to learn knowledge. Even some comic books make me humorous.
Reading makes my life more colorful! I love reading and enjoy reading. Reading makes me happy and makes my life interesting.
7. Teach me how to write this composition. As the saying goes, "A good beginning is half the battle."
You must have had this experience: when you get a topic, it is always difficult to start writing, but once you start, especially after a good start, you can write an eloquent and thoughtful article. If it is a good, novel and vivid beginning, it will make readers have a strong reading interest and goodwill; On the other hand, if it is vague and divorced from the content, it will make readers feel bored, and even preconceived that the author's writing ability is poor and the composition quality is not high.
The importance of the beginning of the composition can be seen. How can the composition be recognized by teachers and marking teachers? A good start is very important! Below, I will give some explanations to the students on the two common beginnings of "getting straight to the point" and "setting off the scenery" for your reference, hoping to help improve your writing level.
First, the "straight to the point" type "straight to the point" is a widely used way of opening. It is widely used because it goes straight to the subject from the beginning.
In today's information age, time is precious, and people who read the article hope to understand what the article is written as soon as possible. If you beat around the bush from the beginning and blindly turn around the topic, then even if the content is good, it is difficult to arouse readers' interest in reading.
For the composition in our examination room, the marking teacher bears a heavy task of marking. A "straight to the point" and "not rambling" beginning will certainly win the favor of the marking teacher, make the marking staff leave an excellent impression on your beginning and your composition, and help you achieve ideal results in the exam. The beginning of "straight to the point" is very common in junior high school Chinese textbooks, and it can be said that you can bow your head, for example: 1 I haven't seen my father for more than two years, and the most unforgettable thing is his background.
(Zhu Ziqing's "Back") The opening point is to set an ambush for the "back" below with deep fatherly love. 2, poplar is really extraordinary, I praise poplar.
(Mao Dun's "Praise of Poplar") The first sentence at the beginning clarifies the object of praise-poplar, and sets the emotional tone of the whole text-praise. 3. On the vast sea, the wind rolls dark clouds.
Between the dark clouds and the sea, Haiyan flies proudly like black lightning. (Gorky's Haiyan) first explains the fighting environment of Haiyan's brave takeoff, and then shows the heroic fighting spirit of Haiyan's rapid takeoff from three aspects: color (black), shape (lightning) and spirit (arrogance).
Many successful compositions begin with "straight to the point". Seeing this topic, I couldn't help but burst into applause, which expressed my daughter's recognition and admiration for her mother.
Two years ago, I would have booed my mother. (Composition MagazineNo. 10/999) This is the beginning of applause from Jiang, the first prize winner of the "Wenxin Cup" national middle school students' composition contest for teachers and students from 1999.
This beginning comes straight to the point, and at the same time, I want to publicize first and then suppress it, but also ambush and pose suspense for the back. My hometown is surrounded by mountains and reeds everywhere.
Autumn has come, and the reed flowers are scrambling to open, hiding their hometown in a sea of flowers, which is very beautiful. (the same as the second prize Guo's "Reed Flowers in My Hometown") 3. In the spring when I was nine years old, my father bought a black buffalo.
He said: "We have a lot of fields in our family, and it is impossible to do without a cow when farming is busy. When this cow grows up, use it to farm the land. "
(The same as the second prize Ren Meijuan's "Becoming attached to cattle") 4. I can't forget her smiling face that encouraged me, her simple words that inspired me to make progress, and the green she once brought to my life. I can't forget her, my dearest friend
("I can't forget her") Second, if a painter paints the moon in the style of "setting off the scenery", if he paints a moon alone, it will be particularly monotonous and even lack of expression. If you hook a few clouds around the moon, the situation will be very different, and the moon will be particularly magical. This technique is "contrast".
Composition also needs this technique. As a junior high school student, most of the exams are to write narrative compositions. The beginning of a good "setting off the scenery" is conducive to setting an emotional environment and atmosphere for the characterization of characters and the narration of things.
As a practical and easy-to-understand writing technique, there are also many typical examples in junior high school Chinese texts. Such as: 1, mountain, what a big mountain! The ups and downs of the green hills change one after another, extending into the distance and disappearing into the confused twilight.
(Peng Jingfeng's "Pear Blossom on the Post Road") This is the beginning of the novel "Pear Blossom on the Post Road". The description of the mountain is the basis of the plot.
In such a big mountain, dusk is approaching, and night accommodation is really a problem that must be solved for people traveling on the road. How anxious they should be! It can be seen that a series of plots such as guessing and praising the owner of the cabin have paved the way for the "setting off the scenery" style.
The time is eight o'clock in the evening. Although the sun has set, the summer heat has not subsided.
There is no wind, and the old trees standing in the park are very quiet. Leaves are quiet, too.
The outdoor labor theater is also very quiet. (Ye Junjian's Go to the Theatre) Use "silence" to set off the quiet atmosphere of people waiting for the performance to start.
Not only that, but also compared with the tsunami scene when Mei Lanfang performed later, it showed the penetrating power of art and contrasted Mei Lanfang's superb performance skills. On the clean blue sky, a dark cloud sneaked in and the wind pushed it up the mountain.
In Yamanobe, the crops in the terraced fields are like rolling waves in the green ocean. (Peak "Golden Hat") Similarly, there are many articles that students have succeeded because of the style of "setting off the scenery", such as: 1,1On February 28th, 999, it rained heavily.
The sparkling blisters on the ground burst round and round, crying the sudden death of a centenarian. Blister repeats an eternal name for thousands of times: Bing Xin (see the tenth issue of the composition for Fan Rui's Hundred Years of Bing Xin 1999). My hair is wet and covered with mud.
Tomb-Sweeping Day's unique rain will never stop, falling silently from the distant horizon in the desolate Shan Ye. I trudged through the mud, looking for it, and let the rain fall on my head, face and body ... (Paul Hu, "Hello again.