Junior Grade 1 History and Society Review Outline
1. The relationship between people and society
Individuals cannot live independently without society/people cannot grow without society
2. The main characteristics and critical periods of healthy self-awareness in adolescence
Main characteristics: self-esteem, self-improvement, self-reliance, self-discipline, being able to distinguish right from wrong, and being prepared to take on social responsibilities.
The critical period for the formation of healthy self-awareness in adolescence: the middle school stage.
3． Social roles: Learn to distinguish between several roles
(1) Innate roles: son (daughter), nation, Chinese citizen...
(2) Roles prescribed by society : Students, passengers, customers...
(3) The role you choose: volunteer...
(4) The role you expect to play: scientist, singer, teacher, etc.< /p>
4． Three principles of interpersonal interaction
(1) Communication and understanding
(2) Respect and equality
(3) Integrity
< p>Honesty and trustworthiness are the basic principles of life, and mutual respect and equal communication are important bridges for good communication between people.5. Social phobia
The reason for social phobia is timidity. Overcoming the fear generated in the process of communication and cultivating and exercising one's communication skills are important manifestations of good psychological quality.
The key to overcoming social anxiety is to have confidence in yourself.
6． Without rules, there is no circle
(1) Definition of rules: Rules refer to the systems and regulations that a social group stipulates to be followed by all or participants in order to achieve a certain goal.
Broadly defined provisions: the general term for all normative documents formulated by the state (including the constitution, laws, administrative regulations, etc.).
Narrow sense rules: normative documents promulgated by national administrative agencies and local state agencies.
(2) Expression form of rules: ① Exist in the form of text; ② Passed down in a conventional way.
(3) The meaning of the rules: serve a certain goal.
(4) Life is inseparable from rules: traffic signs, football rules, laws...
Rules are made by people, and the emergence of any rules is closely related to people's lives , it is to enable people to live an orderly, safe, healthy and appropriate life.
7． Law, Constitution
The Constitution is the fundamental law of the country and the most important law of the country. It stipulates and protects the basic rights of all citizens.
In our country, important laws must be reviewed and approved by the National People's Congress.
8． Zebra crossing
People’s lives are inseparable from rules. With the development of society, rules are constantly improving and changing.
9. Social Security System
(1) Purpose of the social security system: To ensure the basic living rights of all members of society
(2) Content: The state provides assistance and subsidies
(3) Meaning: In order to ensure the basic living rights of all members of society, the state has established a system to provide assistance and subsidies in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, called the social security system.
(4) The social security system includes social insurance, social relief, social welfare, etc.
10． Consumer Rights
When consumer rights are violated, the correct way is to call the relevant department to make a complaint or go to the consumer association to lodge a complaint. (When personal rights and interests are violated, the correct way is to use legal means to protect one's legitimate rights and interests)
11. Green lifestyle (textbook page 70)
Green lifestyle includes: using fluorine-free refrigerators, air conditioners, using washing powder that does not pollute water sources, calling for "saving trees", caring for every piece of green space, and actively participating in Tree planting activities, saving energy, using work and daily necessities made of renewable materials, changing eating habits that are not conducive to environmental protection, living in harmony with animal and plant friends, garbage classification and recycling...
12. Investment and financial management, investment risks
Family financial management methods: savings, purchasing treasury bonds, and insurance (purchasing treasury bonds has low risk, high interest, and good returns).
Venture investment can increase income, but it also carries high risks.
Risk avoidance: Allocate limited money reasonably and invest in two or more industries. The factors produced by one industry are exactly the factors that gain effectiveness in another industry (that is, do not put eggs in in a basket).
13． Emergency rescue and help
Fire alarm: 119 Medical emergency: 120 Police: 110 Traffic accident alarm: 122
Correct usage: report the detailed location and location of the patient (incident, fire) Danger
14. Credit: It is the foundation of a business.
15. Taxation, taxation in accordance with the law
Tax revenue is the most important and stable source of national income (accounting for more than 90% of my country's fiscal revenue).
Paying taxes in accordance with the law is the responsibility and obligation of every citizen.
16. The pursuit of achievements in literature, art, and thought (the main achievements in textbooks include literature, art, science, and thought)
Scientific achievements: my country invented engraving and printing as early as the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and it has the world's The earliest extant woodblock print "Diamond Sutra" in the world; Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty invented movable type printing; German scientist Gutenberg created modern lead movable type printing under the influence of my country's movable type printing; American Bell invented the telephone; in 1969, American astronauts successfully landed on the moon; Yuan Longping invented rice hybrid technology and successfully solved the world's food and clothing problem...
Wegener's theory of continental drift. Marie Curie invented radium. Three great scientists: Newton, Hawking, and Einstein.
Achievements in literature and art: the huge oil painting "So Beautiful Country" by painter Fu Yishi and Guan Shanyue, Rodin's sculpture "The Thinker", Miron's sculpture "The Discus Thrower", Picasso's large-scale oil painting "Guernica", Zhu Ziqing's essay "Back View", Wei Wei's article "Who is the Loveliest Person", Dode's novel "The Last Lesson"...
China's national Peking Opera, Chinese calligraphy.
Architectural achievements: Gothic architecture (a typical building is Cologne Cathedral), Renaissance architecture (Florence Cathedral).
Ideological achievements: early people’s thinking on the world (Qu Yuan, Thales), Socrates’ persistence in understanding “I”, Confucius’s Datong society, Tao Yuanming’s ideal country—— Arcadia, More's Utopia, French progressive thinkers (Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot), "The Communist Manifesto" by Marx and Engels
17. Agricultural Era
As early as the Tang Dynasty, China had printing technology, which was developed in the Song Dynasty and became a model of scientific and technological invention in the Agricultural Era.
18. Olympic Movement and Spirit
The Olympic Games originated in ancient Greece in the 8th century BC.
The important connotation of the Olympic spirit is: faster, higher and stronger.
The important spirit advocated by the Olympic Movement is: participation.
19． Rights and Obligations of Minors
(1) The rights of minors include:
1. Right to life and health 5. Right to education 9. The right to freedom of speech
2. Right of name 6. Portrait rights 10. Right to freedom of the press
3. Right to personal liberty 7. Right of honor 11. The right to criticize and suggest
4. Right of guardianship 8. Copyright 12. Right to report
(2) Obligations of minors: obligations in school life (study hard), family obligations (such as mopping the floor, taking out the trash, taking care of relatives), and life obligations (such as protecting the ecological environment) , maintain indoor and outdoor hygiene in classrooms and schools, actively participate in greening activities, maintain social order, abide by traffic rules, etc.)
20. The body is disabled but the will is not disabled (such as Ray Ure, Helen Keller... Let me briefly talk about the deeds of these characters.)
21. Famous quotes (please name any famous sayings you like and explain the reasons)
22. Integrity and examples (Honesty and trustworthiness are the basic principles of life, and credit is the foundation of an enterprise. You can list examples that you know that reflect integrity to illustrate)
23. Engel's coefficient
The proportion of food expenditures in all living consumption expenditures is called the Engel coefficient.
The larger the Engel coefficient is, the poorer the family or country is, and vice versa.
24. Networks, Internet cafes, and the formulation of rules
Let students understand that today's middle school students' Internet access has several main characteristics: first, middle school students generally have a strong affinity for the Internet; second, most middle school students go online to seek psychological adjustment and desire. Satisfaction and mental stimulation are motivations; third, 75.32% of students choose to surf the Internet in Internet cafes; fourth, middle school students play games, make friends, chat and watch entertainment programs, and very few people actually use computers for learning; fifth, surf the Internet Making friends has become a new development trend in middle school students' interpersonal communication; sixth, most students believe that the Internet will have a certain negative impact on people, but most students do not pay enough attention and vigilance to this, let alone take the initiative to do so. Moderate your behavior.
Of course, the existence of Internet cafes has its reasonable side. Students' access to the Internet should be "sparse" rather than "blocked".
Inspection requirements: Let students set rules (how to access the Internet with certain restrictions and not be negatively affected by the Internet.
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