Alexander the Great (Greek: Μ?γα? Αλ?ξανδρο? or Αλ?ξανδρο? ο Μ?γα?, his name Alexander means "the (ανδρ?) guardian of mankind (αλ?ξω )"; July 22, 356 BC - June 10, 323 BC), that is, King Alexander III of Macedonia (Αλ?ξανδρο? Γ' ο Μακεδ?ν). In the summer of 336 BC, Alexander's father, Philip II, the ancient King of Macedon, was suddenly assassinated at his daughter's wedding. Alexander, who had just turned 20, inherited the throne. Philip was not good at domestic affairs, and what he left to Alexander was a mess full of debts and full of crises. The property he left to Alexander was only a few gold cups and silver bowls, less than sixty talents of treasure, and a debt of up to five hundred talents. Moreover, the Greek city-states he defeated did not receive basic control. The Greek city-states conquered by Philip II and some tribes in Thrace, Illyria and other places took the opportunity to rebel or declare independence. The young commander Alexander first led his army to the northern Balkan Peninsula, conquered the Illyrian tribes that betrayed him, and pushed the Thracians back to the Danube River. At this time, the Thebans, who had opposed Macedonia in the past, spread rumors that Alexander had been killed in battle, and took the opportunity to set off an uproar against Macedonia. Alexander knew that Thebes was a famous large city-state among the Greek city-states. If this riot was not quelled, the consequences would be disastrous. So he decided to kill as a warning to others, made a prompt decision, quickly sent his troops south, and appeared at the gate of Thebes at lightning speed without any hostility. The Thebans couldn't believe their eyes and were all panicked. The city of Thebes was captured and reduced to a heap of rubble, and the entire population was sold into slavery, except for a few who had been friendly to or patronized Macedon in the past with Philip II or Alexander. Alexander achieved his expected goal, and the destruction of Thebes indeed served as a warning to others. The Greek city-states surrendered and expressed their surrender one after another. Athens then surrendered and begged for mercy. Not long after, all the states were unified under the leadership of Alexander and recognized Alexander as the supreme commander. As a result, Alexander could develop his ambitions without any worries and organize an expedition to the East. [1] The excuse for Alexander's expedition to Eastern Persia was that the Persians had ravaged the Holy Land of Greece and participated in the murder of Philip II. It is said that before going to war, Alexander gave away all his real estate income, slaves and livestock to others. At that time, a general asked in confusion: "Your Majesty, if you separate everything, what will you leave for yourself?" "Hope!" Alexander replied crisply, "I leave hope for myself! It will Bring me endless wealth!" Then, with the desire to conquer the world, Alexander left his homeland and embarked on a journey of thousands of miles. In fact, due to issues such as countering rebellion, Alexander not only failed to pay off the old debt of 500 talents that Philip had accumulated over the years, but instead owed an additional 800 talents of new debt. On the one hand, he was able to avoid debts, and on the other hand, he pinned his hope of repaying debts on obtaining huge spoils through large-scale conquests. Alexander had to embark on an expedition to Persia. In the spring of 334 BC, Alexander crossed the Hellespont (the Dardanelles) and began a 10-year Eastern Campaign. The army he used to launch an expedition against the Persian Empire consisted of 30,000 infantry, 5,000 cavalry, and 160 warships. The Persian Empire had hundreds of thousands of troops and 400 warships. Moreover, the Persian Empire was about 50 times larger than the Kingdom of Macedonia, not to mention that many ancient and wealthy countries such as Egypt, Babylon, and Phoenicia had been conquered by Persia and incorporated into the Persian territory. Despite the disparity in power, Alexander was good at seeing problems at their core. He knew very well that although the Persian Empire had a vast territory, a huge army, and still had a great reputation, its power had declined and it was internally divided. The emperor Darius III was a mediocre emperor with weak will and lack of wisdom. The Kingdom of Macedonia was at its peak and unstoppable. Alexander relied on the remaining power of crossing the Hellespont Strait in one fell swoop and took advantage of his own high morale to break through the enemy's defense line in one go. He won the first battle, completely destroying the Persians' morale and determination to resist, and opened up the road to expansion into Asia.

After Alexander, Greek culture continued to spread in Asia. Historians call this phenomenon Hellenistic culture, and the period from Alexandria to Egypt's conquest by Rome (323 BC to 3 BC) is called the Hellenistic era. 3 Related Quotes If the mountain does not come to me, I will go to it - Alexander the Great; Treat the world as your hometown - Alexander the Great; Distribute wealth to others, leave hope to yourself, she will bring My endless wealth - Alexander the Great When the sword of justice is wielded, it is inevitable to hear the cry of the evildoer! - Alexander the Great A flock of sheep led by a lion is far more powerful than a lion led by a sheep - Alexander the Great Conquer fear and you will conquer death - Alexander the Great before the battle of Gaugamela. If I were not Alexander, I would rather be Diogenes. ——What Alexander said when he visited Diogenes?kupligan arap alimleri aliksandir makidoniskini iskandar zulkarnayin xu dap karaydu. iskandar zulkarnayin toghrisida lt;lt;kissasul anbiya gt;gt; gt；ga karisingizmu bolidu.