Kunming is located in the middle of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, from east longitude 102 degrees 10 minutes to north latitude 103 degrees 40 minutes, from 24 degrees 23 minutes to 26 degrees 22 minutes. The maximum horizontal distance from east to west is140km, and the maximum vertical distance from north to south is 220km. The urban area is 2100km away from the capital Beijing (air line).
Kunming is located in the subtropical north latitude. However, most areas in China have typical temperate climate characteristics and are known as "Spring City" at home and abroad. The main features of the climate in Kunming are as follows. 1. Spring is warm, dry and rainy, with strong wind and strong evaporation, and the daily temperature changes greatly. 2. It is not hot in summer and the rainfall is concentrated. 3. Autumn is warm and cool, the weather is high and cool, the rainfall decreases, and the frost period begins. Winter is not cold, sunny, sunny and rainy. 5. The dry season and the rainy season are completely different.
Landscape: On the west side of Xishan Mountain, it is an ideal place for sightseeing. Around Kunming, there are two historic sites: Thousand Pagodas, Alu Ancient Cave and Caishalin in the east, and Fuxian Lake, Xingyun Lake, Jiulongchi and Tonghai Xiushan in the south. There are ancient fossil sites in anning hot spring and Lufeng in the west; There is the Lion Mountain in Wuding in the north, and the Cliff Stone Carving in Wen Yi, Luquan. There are many scenic spots, among which Dianchi Lake and Lunan Stone Forest are national key scenic spots.
administrative division
It has jurisdiction over five districts including Panlong District, Wuhua District, Xishan District, Guandu District and Dongchuan District, and eight counties including Chenggong County, Jinning County, Fumin County, Songming County, Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County, Yiliang County, Shilin Yi Autonomous County (formerly known as Lunan County), Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County and Anning City.
climate
Kunming has four seasons like spring, and the temperature difference is small throughout the year. The annual average temperature in urban areas is about 15℃, the monthly average temperature in the hottest time is 19℃, and the monthly average temperature in the coldest time is 7.6℃.
Because of the suitable temperature and humidity, long sunshine and short frost period, flowers do not wither all year round and vegetation is evergreen all year round, so Kunming has the reputation of "Spring City".
The daily temperature difference in Kunming is quite large. There are four seasons in a day, and when it rains, it becomes autumn. The daily temperature difference between winter and spring can reach 12~20℃. Don't forget to bring a sweater or coat when you go. In addition, the rainy season in Kunming is mostly concentrated in May ~ 10. As long as it rains, the temperature will drop. At this time, tourists are advised to bring windbreakers.
geography
Kunming is located in the middle of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with an altitude of 1, 89 1 m in the city center. Dianchi Lake is in the south, surrounded by mountains on three sides. It belongs to the monsoon climate of low latitude plateau and mountainous area. Affected by the warm and humid airflow in the southwest of the Indian Ocean, the sunshine is long and the frost period is short, with an annual average temperature of 65438 05℃. The climate is mild, there is no heat in summer, it is not cold in winter, the seasons are like spring, and the climate is pleasant. This is a very famous "Spring City". Every year from 65438+February to March of the following year, flocks of red-billed gulls, fleeing from the cold wind in the north, flew from Lake Baikal and Wan Li in Siberia and settled in the waters of Panlong River, Cuihu Lake and Dianchi Lake in Kunming.
The total area of Kunming is about 15560 square kilometers, of which the urban area is about 98 square kilometers. The total population is 4 million. The 26 major ethnic groups in this province all live in Kunming.
Population/nationality/culture
There are many ethnic minorities in Yunnan. Among the 56 ethnic groups in China, there are 5 1 ethnic group in Yunnan, among which 25 have a population of over 5,000, and there are some inhabited areas. Among the 25 ethnic minorities, 15 ethnic groups such as Bai, Hani, Dai, Wa, Lahu, Naxi, Jingpo, Bulang, Achang, Pumi, Nu, De 'ang, Dulong and Jino are endemic to Yunnan. At the end of 1995, the population of ethnic minorities reached13.55 million, ranking second in the country. The population distribution of ethnic minorities in Yunnan is characterized by the coexistence of three types: inhabited, mixed and scattered. The plane distribution is mainly in the frontier and the vertical distribution is mainly in the mountainous areas. Hui, Manchu, Bai, Naxi, Mongolian, Zhuang, Dai, Achang, Buyi, Shui and other ethnic groups 10, mainly living in inland dam areas and border river valleys. Eight ethnic groups, including Hani, Yao, Lahu, Wa, Jingpo, Bulang, De 'ang and Jinuo, mainly live in the mid-levels of the mountain. Six ethnic groups, including Miao, Yi, Tibetan, Pumi, Nu and Dulong, mainly live in mountainous areas. Yi people are distributed in mid-levels and high mountains. The total population is 4 million. The 26 major ethnic groups in this province all live in Kunming.
Kunming is also a gathering place for natural and cultural landscapes. The long history and unique geological structure have left many cultural relics and scenic spots for Kunming. Kunming is a developing international tourist city. At present, it has become a multi-functional tourist attraction with the World Expo as the center and integrating natural scenery and ethnic customs.
Historical name
"Duck pond" was called Kunming by Mongols in the early Yuan Dynasty, also known as "duck pond" or "duck habitat".
traffic
Kunming is the transportation hub and communication center of Yunnan Province and the port of China facing Southeast Asia. Kunming Airport is one of the five major international airports in China, with 6 international routes to Yangon, Bangkok and Singapore, 1 feeder routes to Hong Kong, about 40 routes to large and medium-sized cities in China and 7 routes within the province. There are trunk lines and branch lines 12 from Kunming to Chengdu, Kunming to Guiyang, Kunming to Nanning, Kunming to Neijiang and Kunming to Hekou, as well as Guangtong to Dali Railway and Kunyu Railway. The highways in Kunming extend in all directions, and many national highways such as 108, 2 13, 320, 324 and 326 pass through the territory. More than 5,000 kilometers of highways lead to all parts of the province and neighboring provinces.
Scenic spots/tourist attractions
Daguanlou Yunnan Minzu Village Yuantong Temple
Xishan-Longmen Zhu Qian Temple
Dianchi Daguanlou Jiuxiang Scenic Area Expo Park
Cuihu Tong Yuan Shilin Scenic Area
Jin Dian Scenic Area, Black Dragon Pool, Yulong Bay, Yunnan Military Academy, Kunming sedan chair snow mountain.
Kunming folk custom
Kunming is a multi-ethnic city with 26 nationalities living in the world. There are villages or mixed villages composed of Han, Yi, Hui, Bai, Miao, Hani, Zhuang, Dai and Yi nationalities. In the long-term production and life, all ethnic groups have not only influenced each other, but also maintained their own national traditions, continuing many unique lifestyles, folk customs and culture and arts. The compatriots of all ethnic groups living in Kunming are warm and hospitable, good at singing and dancing, and simple in folk customs. No matter how they treat people, unique food, colorful costumes, different styles of residential buildings and interesting weddings, people can feel distinctive national characteristics.
Among many ethnic festivals, the Torch Festival of the Yi nationality, March Street of the Bai nationality, Around the Three Souls, Water-splashing Festival of the Dai nationality, Huashan Tour of the Miao nationality and the Knife and Pole Festival of the Wa nationality have long enjoyed great fame, and the festival activities are rich and colorful. On festivals, people of all ethnic groups will wear their own embroidered national costumes and gather from all directions to hold wrestling, bullfighting, duets and other activities. According to the season of the New Year, many customs are very popular among the people, such as the adjustment of the Western Hills on the third day of the third lunar month, the spring outing in the Golden Temple on the ninth day of the first lunar month, climbing the snail peak on the ninth Chongyang Festival, and the grand view of the moon on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival.
There are many kinds of local literature and art in Kunming, such as Yunnan opera, lantern opera, folk songs, ethnic minority operas, folk narrative poems and folklore. After hundreds of years of development and spread, it is deeply loved by the broad masses of the people.
education
Yunnan University Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming University Yunnan Agricultural University Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Yunnan University for Nationalities Yunnan Normal University
Special snack
Crossing the Bridge Rice Noodles Pot Rice Noodles Big Rescue Barbecue Steamer Chicken Old Milk Potato Rice Iced Shrimp Xuanwei Ham Bean Stewed Rice Potato Stewed Rice Grab Powder Spring Roll Purple Rice Babao Rice Yiliang Roast Duck Kaiyuan Small Roll Grilled Rice Herb Grilled Fish White Tea Baked Bean Powder Xizhou Baba Lunan Milk Cake Dali Dairy Fan Chicken Mushroom Dried Mushroom Boletus Tricholoma matsutake, Auricularia auricula, Lentinus edodes, Rake Meat Bait.
Kunming specialty
faint yellow
Whenever winter goes and spring comes, primrose blooms with the most gorgeous and enthusiastic attitude, showing a gorgeous brocade and taking the lead in reporting the arrival of spring. Therefore, people regard primrose as the messenger of spring.
Spring flowers, also known as annual flowers or primroses, belong to Primulaceae, Primula, originating in southwest China, among which Yunnan has the most species. There are 230 species of primrose in China and 158 species in Yunnan. Most of them are wild species, and primroses can be seen everywhere from high mountains to flat dams, from hills to deep valleys. The famous saying that "the grass in the sea is flourishing" is more appropriate if it is used to refer to the primroses in Yunnan. Around the Spring Festival, primroses, delicate camellias, gorgeous azaleas, glittering magnolias and plum blossoms covered with frost and snow painted colorful pictures to welcome the spring in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.
camellia
Camellia in Yunnan, the flowers are large and gorgeous, and some plants are in full bloom, in full swing, with a rosy light. Camellia was discovered as early as 1300 years ago. Planting began in Sui and Tang Dynasties, gradually increased in Song Dynasty, and increased after Yuan Dynasty.
Dai bamboo weaving
Bamboo weaving is a skill that Dai people are good at. If you have the opportunity to be a guest in Dai township, as soon as you set foot on the unique bamboo building, it is like entering a world of bamboo weaving: the walls are woven with bamboo, the carpets are woven with bamboo mats, the furnishings in the room are as big as wardrobes, as small as lunch boxes, stools, cool hats and rain hats, and the small baskets you carry with you are woven with bamboo.
Bamboo weaving handicrafts are various, simple in shape, beautiful and practical, and are excellent handicrafts. Pearls in the interior, gold in the exterior, peacock feathers in relief, inlaid with colored glass patterns, look magnificent and are sacrificial tools in Buddhist temples.
Daikin
It's a Dai folk brocade, which all Dai women can weave. Dai brocade is famous for its exquisite weaving, unique patterns, gorgeous colors and strong ethnic flavor. Dai brocade has different colors and fabrics and different prices, which can be seen in stalls all over the country. For example, for an ordinary Dai skirt, the stall owner's asking price is 100 yuan, which can be counteroffered to around 60 yuan.
azalea
There are more than 850 species of rhododendrons in the world, and there are more than 460 species in China, accounting for 54% of the world total; There are more than 260 species in Yunnan, accounting for 50% of the national total and 30% of the world total, which shows the richness of Yunnan rhododendron species.
Rhododendron in Yunnan is widely distributed and grows in most counties and districts of the province. Colorful azaleas can be seen in Diancang Mountain in Dali, Yulong Snow Mountain in Lijiang and Haba Snow Mountain in Zhongdian. There is a rhododendron tree in Tengchong county, which is 25 meters high, 30.7 meters in diameter and 60 square meters in crown. At the turn of spring and summer, flowers are in full bloom and red clouds are everywhere, which is called "the king of cuckoos in the world".
Purple pottery in Jianshui County, Yunnan Province
Jianshui folk traditional handicrafts began in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Made of five-color clay in the suburb of Jianshui, after painting and calligraphy, carving, scraping, firing and polishing, the pottery is dark purple in color and white in pattern, making a thumping sound like a rock. Among them, the black and white ones are especially top grade.
There are many kinds of Jianshui purple pottery, including cooking utensils, tea sets, flower pots and desk display decorative supplies. Most of the shapes are simple and elegant, unique, and can be used as steaming utensils to steam chicken, pigeon and other meat foods, which are delicious.
Jianchuan woodcarving
Jianchuan's woodcarving has a long history and exquisite skills, and it has the reputation of "the hometown of woodcarving". Jianchuan woodcarving is used to decorate tables, chairs, stools and coffee tables in indoor halls. There are as many as 24 pieces of high-grade furniture, such as "Shuangfeng Chaoyang", "Longfei Lan Yun" and "complacent", especially the marble embedded in them is more beautiful and generous. In recent years, Jianchuan Wood Carving Factory has developed and produced a number of small tourist handicrafts.
It is a variety of handicrafts carved from precious wood, which is simple and unique and deeply favored by tourists. One of the most concentrated sales points of woodcarving handicrafts is the flower and bird market, and the other is the numerous handicraft shops on Cuihu South Road.
Kunming tooth carving
It has a long history and exquisite craftsmanship. It can be divided into three-dimensional tooth carving and plane tooth carving. What's more worth mentioning is that the lettering is vivid, beautifully carved and beautifully designed. It is a rare treasure in the craft collection. Small tooth carvings cost tens of yuan, and large ones cost hundreds of yuan.
wax printing
Batik is a folk hand-printed handicraft popular in Yunnan minority areas. Kunming batik cloth is a blend of Yunnan minority cultures, with unique and novel patterns, simple and elegant. The price of a piece of batik cloth is about 15 yuan.
Southern Shandong stripe
Picking flowers in southern Shandong is a traditional handicraft of Sani people (a branch of Yi people) in Shilin Yi Autonomous County, with a long history. The main products are backpacks, tablecloths, curtains, clothes and so on. There are many ways to pick flowers, including single-sided picking and double-sided picking: plain picking and new-colored silk picking. Some products are selected, embroidered and supplemented. Its finished products are exquisite or extensive, which fully shows the intelligence and artistic creativity of Sani people.
Woodcarving artware
This is a variety of handicrafts carved from precious wood, which is simple and unique and deeply favored by tourists. One of the most concentrated sales points of woodcarving handicrafts is the flower and bird market, and the other is the numerous handicraft shops on Cuihu South Road.
Fort Sanigua
The hardworking and intelligent Sani women have cultivated and developed their beauty-loving nature and exquisite hand-sewing skills in the charming stone forest scenery. Embroidered bags, which are deeply loved by tourists at home and abroad, are their masterpieces. It is not only a kind of daily necessities, but also an exquisite national and folk handicraft. The patterns and flower picking techniques of hanging bags have strong national characteristics and local colors. Is the representative of Yunnan ethnic group Bao Gua, and won the National Tourism Product Award.
Black copper becomes silver.
This is a unique arts and crafts in Yunnan. The product is made of black copper, with various patterns carved on the tire and inlaid with gold or silver, showing the decorative effect of black and yellow or black and white, and the color state is extremely elegant. If black copper and silver are combined with spotted copper and tin crafts, the decorative effect will be more vivid.
Tin artware
Tin crafts are made of high-purity refined tin produced in Gejiu, which is carefully produced by melting, tabletting, cutting, modeling and polishing, and then carved with various patterns. Its finished product is as white as silver, as bright as a mirror, and also has the characteristics of acid and alkali resistance, non-toxic, tasteless, corrosion resistance and non-oxidation. There are many kinds of tin handicrafts, including daily necessities, exquisite works of art, appreciation, gifts and prizes.
white jade
Before blooming, the bud of Magnolia grandiflora looks like the tip of a brush, so it is also called a wooden pen or magnolia grandiflora. It can be used as medicine, and has the effects of dispelling cold and dredging nose. Magnolia petals are thick and crisp, washed, dragged through the batter made of flour, sugar and water, and then fried, thus becoming fragrant, tender, beautiful and unique.
Yunnan variegated copper
Kunming bronze manufacturing industry has a long history. As early as the Warring States and the Western Han Dynasty, Kunming created a bronze culture with distinctive national characteristics, peculiar regional colors and unique artistic style. Spotted copper technology is a wonderful flower that grows on the basis of absorbing bronze and bronze drum making technology. As early as 19 15 "Pacific Panama Expo", Kunming's mottled bronze handicraft "Jiulong Ding" surprised the world and was bought with a lot of money. The manufacturing process of spot copper is complicated. It uses a unique process to mix copper with other metals, showing a variety of magnificent rib patterns, gold staggered, luxurious and elegant, hence the name Spotted Copper. Spotted copper products include lifelike figures, animals and antique products, as well as static products such as pots, stoves, bottles, cans and cups. Peacock Pluto, five-style incense burner and big rhinoceros are listed as national treasures and permanently collected.
Yunnan edible fungi
Yunnan is located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with mountains and forests, mild climate and abundant rainfall. It is sunny and rainy in summer and autumn, which provides extremely favorable natural conditions for the growth and reproduction of edible fungi. There are many kinds of edible fungi in Yunnan with different flavors, which are valuable "delicacies" in Yunnan cuisine. Among them, the most economic value is chicken fir, Tricholoma matsutake and Dictyophora, in addition to boletus, Morchella, Lentinus edodes, dry bar and Hericium erinaceus.
Yunnan fruit
Yunnan has superior natural geographical conditions, long mountains and high waters, abundant rainfall and fertile soil, and belongs to tropical, subtropical, temperate and frigid climate. There are many kinds of fresh fruits, which can be found all year round in the streets of Kunming. The famous fruits are: ivory fruit in Jinggu, pineapple produced in Xinping, Yuanyang, Yuanjiang and Lujiang, sesame banana, Tianbao banana and dwarf banana produced in Honghe, Yuxi, Simao and Dehong, jackfruit in valley area, Zhubaoli in Chenggong, green apple in Zhaotong, yellow peach in Kunming suburb, Huize in Kunming and Lvliang, peaches and pomegranates in Mengzi.
cloud and mist
The products produced by Kunming Cigarette Factory, such as Yunyan, Camellia, Camellia, Dazhong Liquor and Spring City, have won the trust of consumers.
Cloud embroidery pattern
Yunnan Weiqi has a history of more than 500 years. In the early years, the quality of the chess pieces produced by Yongchangfu (now Baoshan City) was high, also known as Yongzi. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yunzi was a tribute to the royal family. Yunzi is simple and rich, comfortable to the touch and soft in color, which is suitable for players to watch and think for a long time. Bai Zi is as white as jade, and the spots on the chessboard are painted black. Fingers are bright green when exposed to light, and they are known as "national treasures".
tie-dyed cloth
Tie-dyed fabric is a kind of traditional dyed fabric produced by Bai people in Dali prefecture. It uses local indigo as the dye, and the primary color white cloth is artificially tied into various patterns such as "Eight Diagrams", "Butterfly", "Three Pagodas Reflection" and "Plum Blossom", which are cold-dyed in the dye solution for more than ten times, and then spread out to form a pattern with white flowers on a blue background. Characterized by simple and generous color, not easy to change color. Making clothes, indoor windows, door curtains, tablecloths, wall hangings and other decorative materials, as well as making commemorative bags, towels and other tourist souvenirs, are deeply loved by tourists.
Jewellery jade
Due to historical and geographical reasons, Yunnan has formed a jewelry and jade distribution center with Kunming as the center and Tengchong, Ruili, Yingjiang and mangshi as the backing. Corundum gems include: ruby and sapphire; Beryl includes: emerald, aquamarine, diamond, garnet (purple tooth black), tourmaline, amethyst, topaz, opal, olivine, turquoise, malachite, dushan jade, jadeite, agate and pearl. Emerald is the most famous one. Jadeite is a jadeite, mainly produced in Myanmar. The red one is Fei and the green one is Cui. Emerald is mostly emerald. Once it appears, it is a treasure of "a little red among all greens". There are four kinds of green tones that reach the gem level in jadeite: emerald, seedling grass green, apple green and emerald green. Good jadeite has the following characteristics: first, the color is gorgeous and dazzling; Secondly, the texture is hard and rare.
The origin of the name
The ancient clan name. During the Han and Jin Dynasties, some tribes living in western Yunnan, eastern Yunnan and mountainous areas of Yunnan were called Kunzhong, or Kunshu. It is the largest and most widely distributed ethnic group in Yunnan. At that time, the Han people called the ethnic minorities in Yunnan "Yi" or "Yi species". The big species is called "Kun" and the small species is called "Bo". At the same time as Kunming people, there are tribes of the same family, such as Yi (Yinxi), Yi and Qiong. It belongs to the primitive social period of "migrating with livestock, not in the usual place, not long". They repeatedly blocked the way for Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to seek complete poison (India). Liu Shangdu captured the "Kunming Middle Schools" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, chased Buwei (now Shidian) and set up a western captain (later changed to Yongchang County) in Erhai and Baoshan to manage the "Kunming" people in this area. "Kunming" People living in the east of Dianchi Lake left the name "Kunming" in their place of residence. After Zhuge Liang's expedition to the south, he moved south and died in more than 10 thousand homes in Shu. "Green Qiang" is different from taxpayers. The "Kunming" people who live in the mountainous areas and engage in nomadic activities are vertically distributed with the "Bo" and "Nong" people who live in the dam area and engage in farming. During the historical period of the Three Kingdoms, there were so-called "upper barbarians" and "lower barbarians" in Yunnan. "Shangfangyi" is a Kunming person who lives in the mountains. After the Western Jin Dynasty, a large number of Cuo people and Bo people in Judy County moved westward, and eastern Yunnan became the main settlement of Kun people. Because he lived in the east of Guangxi, he was later called "Donggui". But as far as clan is concerned, it is different from Guan. During the Shu-Han period, a large number of "Kunming people" who originally lived in western Yunnan moved to central and northeastern Yunnan to join the "Kunming people" who originally lived there. During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, Kunming people who lived in northeast Yunnan once established the "Luodian State". The westward migration of "Yunnan Bo" and the eastward migration of "Kunming" were the mainstream of ethnic migration from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties.