-On the educational function of campus culture

Xi Xinghai, a famous musician in China, once had the following memories in My Music Learning. When I wrote the work Wind, which I thought was successful, it was the time when I was cornered by life. I lived in a shabby house on the seventh floor in Paris, and it was windy that night. I don't have a quilt, so I can't sleep. I have to light and write. The cold wind hit the wall and passed through the doors and windows, and my heart roared. In the history of our country, the story of Meng Mu's "Three Major Movements" has long existed, which shows that the environment plays an important role in people's physical and mental development and potential development. All-round education is the aim of campus culture, and our school's attempt in this respect is to carry out audio education with silent moral education. ]

First, silent moral education

We know that campus culture takes campus as the main space, teachers and students as the main body, spiritual orientation as the core, and various activities and behavior norms as the main content. There is no small matter in the school, and everything educates people. In order to create a humanistic environment full of classrooms, our school pays attention to starting from small places and starting from all directions in environmental layout, so that students can be silently influenced. For example, the school spirit, class spirit and study style are conspicuously written on the wall of the school building. At the beginning of the new semester, the head teachers of 20 classes in the whole school will always come up with a handwritten newspaper with pictures and texts, which will be placed in the most eye-catching place in front of the classroom. The above is the new semester message from Mr. Ren Ke:

"Welcome home"

"Welcome back, son!"

"In the new semester, you and I will work together!"

"I wish you a lot of progress and gains in the new semester!"

"One hundred feet, further!"

Look at the following signatures: some are "teachers who love you", some are "your friends" and some are "people who grew up with you" ... The children really like these messages, and some go to the campus to read them, sign up, read them carefully when they leave, and then go on their way with joy.

If the message above is small, then, in addition to the front of the classroom, there are banners on campus: "Teachers and students should work together in the new semester" and "Let's pursue success together". As soon as teachers and students enter the campus, they will have a positive emotional force.

Although our campus is not big, there are beautiful scenic spots everywhere. You see, as soon as pedestrians enter the campus, the distance from the school gate to the teaching building is only 100 meters, during which 13 small trees were planted. Under each small tree, there are squadron newsletters exhibited by the third to sixth grade classes of the school, which broadcast the news of each squadron. Look at the headlines above, which were written by the children: Progress Five (2), News Network, and so on. There is no need for the headmaster to read aloud on the radio. The children read it carefully during the break. There are 20 classes, and each class is attended by children in turn. The main purpose is to let every child participate in it, observe it more comprehensively, reflect the mental outlook of the children in the class in time, and understand their growth trend. How can a child be unhappy with such a beautiful thing? They are full of energy. When reading silently, for children's young minds, they are receiving education all the time.

Every week, the school's moral education office will evaluate the routines of each class, so there is the largest blackboard on campus, which is the duty record written by students, recording the morning reading, recess exercise, hygiene and discipline of each class respectively. This blackboard is in the corridor of the teaching building. Every teacher and student will pass by that place every day and can't help but take a look. Which class is excellent, which class is good and which one needs to be rectified. Especially those classes that need to be rectified, as long as they see that they are not good at that, the class teacher will definitely rectify within three days. If the situation is good, the evaluation result will be changed to qualified. This kind of silent education often leaves a "blank" for both teachers and students, which can correctly guide teachers to carry out regular education for students and make children's personality develop harmoniously.

Second, the potential aesthetic education

The construction of campus culture usually includes two aspects, namely, the natural environment of campus and the layout of campus cultural atmosphere. "Let every corner of the campus speak" is our educational aim. Because our school is an old school, the place is not very big, so the school tries to make use of limited space for unlimited education.

Because every classroom is covered with tiles, in order to make good use of this treasure, the school has launched a mural exhibition. A mural exhibition of "Green Fairy Tales" and a "Green Story Meeting" were held. On the wall of Class One, Grade Five, the theme is "Don't disturb the flowers". Look: by the stream, there is a green meadow, several purple flowers are competing to open, and a group of children are playing hide-and-seek happily there. "hey!" A butterfly flies by. "Kid, don't disturb it. The flowers are in bloom. Will you come back in a few days? " Butterflies fly far away with their dreams of spring. ...

On the wall of grade one: it's the animal forest club. On Sunday, small animals get together to hold a sports meeting. There are many small animals coming. The elephant was the referee, and the tortoise and the white rabbit ran away again. Who won the first prize ... beautiful fairy tales entrusted children's innocent dreams and inspired their wisdom. How can we win? You have to guess.

In the garden of the third grade, the greening team of the school wrote a warning: "Small flowers and small trees are growing, please be careful." "Don't hurt the grass" ...

Under the guidance of the teacher, the children in the lower grades held a "green story meeting" competition-imagining stories according to tile paintings. The children are very happy.

Snow-white classroom, green walls, walking into our campus, you will be attracted by the large photos on the wall. Here are some color photos, which fully show the characteristics of the school Latin dance and are pleasing to the eye. Propaganda pictures such as "walk on by Corridor" in the long corridor have subtly regulated students' behavior. Children's words, sand paintings and children's paintings all make each child's personality fly. In this rich atmosphere full of childlike interest, how can every teacher and student not pursue success? It is often said that high-grade campus spiritual culture is the supplement and promotion of people-oriented campus management standardization. It's true. The colorful campus environment can not only enable students to receive silent humanistic education while acquiring knowledge, but also enjoy the influence of potential beauty in a strong and elegant cultural atmosphere.

Third, audio education.

As we all know, the campus cultural environment is the main living space for the full growth of teachers and students, and the psychological activities and behavior changes of teachers and students are closely related to the campus cultural environment. Campus cultural environment is an "educational magnetic field" for the growth and development of teachers and students.

In front of every classroom in our school, there is a "class chapter column". It's the school eagle competition. At the weekly flag-raising ceremony, the Young Pioneers Brigade of the school will announce the results of five regular competitions, and then award collective medals. When the monitor took the medal from the headmaster and posted it on the honor column of the class, the children always cheered and excited. Small successes always inspire children to strive for greater success.

"Happy score bag" is a new thing born after our school canceled "three good students". In every classroom, there is a corner where children's happiness achievement bags are displayed, which are the children's stage learning achievements. Although it is an ordinary collection of works, children have unusual feelings for it. No matter which portfolio you open, there are children's treasures in it-an excellent exercise book, a satisfactory test paper and an unforgettable advantage card ("advantage card" is a short card that can produce long-term incentive effect. Cards are written by teachers to students, students to classmates, parents to children and students to teachers. After the solemn flag-raising ceremony on Monday, the headmaster solemnly distributed the advantage cards written by the teachers the week before to the students. This has produced a huge incentive effect in the whole school. The advantage card is hard to get, and children really have a soft spot for it), as well as certificates, medals and certificates obtained by going out to compete. ...

The "Happy Achievement Package" is quietly and neatly displayed on the bookshelf in the classroom, which records the children's little achievements in rows and dynamically shows the children's growth trajectory. In the classroom, the teacher will let the children exchange their grades, and the school will also show the grade bags of different grades. After class, children always like to stand in front of the grade bag, rummage around, compare and say, "Your progress is greater than mine", "Your grades are more than mine" and "Your bag is full than mine, so I have to act quickly ..." Children just appreciate, compare, progress and feel the inner world.

Perhaps the happiness achievement package is static, but the appeal formed by the creation of such a campus culture is beyond the reach of other educational means. It has quietly told children what to do, what qualities to adhere to and where to aim. The formation of a good sense of competition and collectivism has played a very good role in the development of children's personality.

The birth of "teacher achievement package" is the embodiment that schools care about children and teachers at the same time. "I educate, I think, I exist ..." is a brand-new educational concept of teachers, and it has also become a new landscape of campus culture. At the same time, a successful teacher is bound to educate more successful children. In order to give full play to the function and utility of campus culture, teachers' educational behavior is constantly innovating.

Suhomlinski said in "Suggestions for Teachers": One of the important tasks of education is not to let the gunpowder of any soul be ignited, but to let all talents and talents be fully displayed. In practice, we realize that every grass and tree on campus, every piece of paper, every painting, books and materials, greening and beautification, and the construction of "three styles" on campus all play a role in the growth of teachers and students, which is audio education. Advantage card, happy fruit bag, and entering the green "fairy tale" ... This is the real moral education, which is to educate the soul with culture. If we pay attention to the construction and guidance in the nuances of campus culture, it will definitely make our children feel a better life and cultivate their healthy and uplifting hearts.

Shaping Patriotism and Success Belief and Promoting Campus Culture Construction

The key to the operation of patriotism education lies in how to embody patriotism and the concept of success in the construction of campus culture, how to effectively improve the educational function of campus culture, and how to reveal the value of patriotism and the concept of success in current middle school education; Reflect on the proper orientation of campus culture construction based on patriotism and success, and explore the law of its own construction. Under such a guiding ideology, what should we do?

First of all, it is clear that the construction of campus culture is important and necessary to promote the development of the project.

Campus culture refers to the special spiritual environment and cultural atmosphere of the school. It is a subculture system characterized by cultural conflict and integration, which is created and shared by educators and educatees with campus as the spatial background and around teaching activities and campus life. It is embodied in explicit courses and implicit courses (also known as implicit courses). Explicit curriculum refers to the knowledge, skills, concepts and behavioral norms that students must master. Potential courses include tangible environment such as campus buildings, cultural facilities and environmental layout, and intangible environment such as school spirit, teaching style, study style, interpersonal relationship, cultural life, collective public opinion, psychological atmosphere, opinions and beliefs of campus groups. These ideological things, such as campus spirit and campus values, are the deep structure and core content of campus culture, have guiding significance for the survival and development of the whole campus, are intangible assets of campus construction, are linked with the quality of running schools, and are one of the important elements of the sustainable development of schools. We should attach importance to the construction of campus culture and exert its educational function.

As a potential hidden curriculum campus culture, it has the characteristics of situational, permeability, persistence, suggestibility and pleasure in the ideological and moral education of students and the cultivation of good behavior habits. It is with its intuitive form of expression that campus culture puts ideological education in various concrete and perceptible situations. The educational function of campus culture is realized through the positive influence, infection and edification of the school's healthy spiritual factors and beautiful material environment.

In the construction of campus culture, how to give full play to the moral education function of campus culture and make students gradually form a correct view of patriotism must grasp the following principles.

First, the principle of education. The ancients said, "Virtue is the first line." Without virtue, people will not stand, and without virtue, the country will not prosper. The quality of moral construction reflects the mental state of a country's people and affects the rise and fall of a national cause. Morality prospers and the country prospers; Morality prospers, and the nation prospers-this is a conclusion drawn from reality. School is a place to educate and train people. As a part of school education, campus culture should first highlight its educational characteristics and always grasp its educational principles. Only in this way can we give full play to its potential guiding function. Through various effective forms, we will educate students in patriotism, collectivism, socialism and the spirit of the Chinese nation, explore the laws that stimulate students to learn and become successful, and enable students to continuously improve their comprehensive quality and academic performance on the basis of forming a correct concept of patriotism.

Second, scientific principles. The construction of campus culture is the overall project of the school, which involves a wide range and needs to mobilize all aspects. Schools should make careful overall planning, scientific planning and reasonable arrangements to avoid the situation of fragmentation and mutual restraint. For example, in students' extracurricular cultural life, an organizational system must be established, from leading institutions to full-time and part-time tutors to students. Second, according to students' age, knowledge structure and psychological characteristics, the activities are arranged reasonably, and a sequence is basically formed to meet the development needs of students with different grades, characteristics and interests.

Finally, artistic principles. In the construction of campus culture, we should have an artistic vision, and let students be influenced by art everywhere and enjoy beauty through the facilities and atmosphere of the school. The greening and beautification of the campus environment should strive to make the four seasons have their own characteristics, such as the green in spring, the lush green cages, the shade in midsummer, the red maple in cool autumn and the evergreen pine and cypress in cold winter; The design of campus buildings and the layout of scenic spots strive to achieve the harmonious unity of appearance and color, giving people a refreshing and pleasing feeling; The arrangement of school cultural activities should also be educational, scientific and artistic, and strive to make the activities novel, vivid and interesting, so that campus culture has a strong appeal and attraction to young students, prompting them to participate actively, enthusiastically and actively, so that their thoughts and sentiments can be naturally cultivated and their hearts can be invisibly purified.

At present, we have done some work:

1. Explore environmental culture.

The school has no leisure, and it cultivates people everywhere. Environment is not only the space for students to live, but also the carrier for cultivating students' civilized quality. Our exploration and utilization of the campus environment has formed a strong three-dimensional environmental culture, which makes every grass, tree, wall and board speak and plays a role in education and enlightenment. As Mr. Tao Xingzhi said, "Every grass and tree is related to love." Classrooms and corridors are hung with excellent works of previous graduates and students in ordinary classes and art characteristic classes, and their works make students feel the joy of success; We mobilized all students of all grades to collect aphorisms twice, demanding that under the theme of patriotism and success, we should combine two beliefs: as long as we study hard, every student can become a success; Love the motherland, study hard for the prosperity of the country, and collect aphorisms and aphorisms about personality, outlook on life, morality and world outlook. Each class selects celebrities or makes two aphorisms, which are processed and sorted in and out of the classroom respectively. Through individual interviews, we learned that these maxims really inspired some students. Philosophical allegorical sayings make students feel, ordinary quips make students resonate, and famous sayings make students wake up and think. The research group also proposed to set up a "small reporter group", the school newspaper Dawn, and the website of Changqiao Middle School. The school magazine and the school newspaper reported the new people, new things and new features of the school in time, insisted on guiding people with correct public opinion and inspiring people with excellent works. The school set aside half of the original publicity window as a patriotic education column and changed the content regularly. Students and teachers have become a habit to read columns in their spare time. Students live in such a healthy and vigorous cultural atmosphere, their hearts are naturally purified and their thoughts are inevitably sublimated.

2. Cultivate etiquette culture.

Healthy and elegant communication style and ability is one of the essential qualities of modern middle school students. How to deal with the relationship between classmates? How to deal with the relationship between teachers and students? How to deal with the relationship with parents? How to understand the relationship between patriotism and success. Optimize the interpersonal environment of the school, carry out activities of respecting teachers and loving students, and establish a good and harmonious relationship between teachers and students. At the same time, give full play to the edifying and educational role of class environment, such as giving full play to students' main role, and teachers and students jointly create a good interpersonal environment, including class style, study style, collective public opinion and cultural atmosphere. Teachers and students advocate "appreciation and encouragement" both in class and after class. At present, "good teacher!" It has become a campus buzzword.

3. Enrich the activity culture.

Campus culture is a kind of group culture, which is embodied in all activities of the school. Modern middle school students are full of vigor and vitality, and learning and reading dead books is not conducive to middle school students' body and mind. Based on this understanding, we should go out of the classroom, entertain and educate, carry out colorful campus cultural activities and create a civilized, healthy and progressive campus cultural life. Organized a "small reporter group" to report the newcomers, new things and new faces of the school every month; Under the proposal of the research group, the school established the Academy of Sciences (Science) and the Academy of Social Sciences (Liberal Arts). The purpose of establishing the two academies is to set an example for students to study hard and become successful. It is also to let academicians follow the example of scientists, set lofty aspirations at an early age, study hard for the peaceful rise of the Chinese nation, and encourage students to study hard through vigorous publicity, thus promoting the overall education and teaching development of the school. Academicians from the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Social Sciences will conduct research projects every semester. For example, this summer, the Academy of Social Sciences, which I am in charge of, will conduct a comprehensive survey on the quality of Shanghai citizens-the spirit of cooperation and collaboration between teachers and students in Changqiao Middle School. We also carried out the recruitment of assistant principals in the whole school, and ran for the assistant principals of students. Choose the most commendable people every month and let them be standard bearers; The school sports meeting is crowded and the athletes are full of energy; Environmental protection publicity and education on World Environmental Protection Day, advocating students to love school and save energy; At the campus science and technology festival, the students released their planes and their ideals. In the series of special competitions of the district drama festival, academicians of our two academies also actively participated in the rehearsal, and finally we won a second prize and a third prize. Thirdly, let students experience and feel the power of unity and cooperation. After repeated activities, we are also very happy to see the gratifying progress of our classmates.

Some thoughts on future work:

1, continue to enrich the activity culture.

We should set up a campus TV station, organize the members of the "little reporter group" to get out of the fiery campus life, and grasp the ever-changing pulse of the times with keen eyes; Organize campus culture and art festivals for students to write and perform; Go out of the campus, walk into the community, visit the factory, and organize social practice classes every month so that students can learn to observe, think, behave and do things; Guide students to participate in reading essay competitions, organize painting and calligraphy photography activities, and hold psychological lectures. Colorful extracurricular activities can show students' youthful vitality and personality, stimulate students' infinite imagination and creativity, and promote the improvement of students' comprehensive quality.

The construction of campus culture in schools should be focused, targeted and effective, and various and lively theme month series activities should be carried out in combination with major events and holidays. In the next semester, we plan to carry out the following activities: celebrating the National Day series of education month activities with the theme of "My motherland is in my heart", learning month activities in September with the theme of "respecting teachers and attaching importance to lifelong learning", and classroom culture construction competition with the theme of "Beauty is around us", which will make the classroom more tidy, clean, civilized and peaceful, with distinctive personality characteristics. Carrying out a series of theme activities can make the construction of campus culture implemented and promote the construction of campus spiritual civilization.

2. Improve the value culture.

With the deepening of reform and opening up and the development of commodity economy, various ideas, philosophies and values have emerged in society, which will inevitably affect students on campus. Due to the limitation of life experience and discriminating ability, it is impossible for students to make a correct judgment completely. By organizing visits to demonstration bases of patriotism education and watching patriotic education films regularly, students can know themselves, grasp the direction of life and strive for a better future, and so on. Organize class, league and student union activities, carry out planned and regular ideological and political education and organizational management for students, and cultivate students' self-education, self-management ability and collectivism spirit. Correct thinking in activities, identify with values in practice, and improve personality in study and life. Cultivate students' basic moral values and lofty life ideals of "patriotism and law-abiding, courtesy and honesty, unity and friendliness, diligence and self-improvement, dedication and dedication". Formulate school motto, write school songs and a series of rules and regulations.

Suhomlinski said: "The beauty of the surrounding world can cultivate students' sentiments and make them noble and elegant. "A good campus environment is conducive to students' learning and development, and is conducive to the cultivation and improvement of students' quality. Although this influence is indirect, its power is enormous. As American educator Blethen said: Any school environment is talking to children silently, and children are really paying attention to it and unconsciously accepting the influence. Campus environment not only reflects the traditional ideas of a certain era, but also affects the enthusiasm of teaching. Therefore, optimizing the educational environment is not only regarded as a kind of management, but also an important means to cultivate talents.

Strengthening the construction of campus culture and optimizing the educational environment also require the close cooperation of schools, society and families. Only when everyone attaches importance to the construction of campus culture and puts people first can we really strengthen the function of environmental education and let students develop healthily.

Slogan of school campus culture

1 carve out fine products and hammer iron into gold;

For those who are often successful, walkers often come;

Self-confidence and success, self-improvement and self-discipline;

4 Everything depends on human effort, and the road is at the foot;

5 knowing and doing are consistent, and actions speak louder than words;

6. Be realistic and innovative, and keep pace with the times;

7. Develop in an all-round way and improve quality;

8 self-improvement, high moral character;

9 trees serve the country for a hundred years and be the pillars of the century;

10 Respect, help and love others;

1 1 young and frivolous, cherish the glory of old age;

12 honestly do the facts;

13 kinds of next personality, harvest a fate;

14 Special Xiu De can strengthen the body.

15 Don't let a strong life be the ghost of the first step.

16 is ashamed of abusing water and proud of saving water.

17 The turning point of the road is the turning point of life.

18 Let go of your youth and your enthusiasm.

19 Cherish every drop of water and make Mother Earth stop crying.

Green life needs our common care.

Politeness is the easiest to do and the easiest to ignore, but it is the most precious.

Politeness and civilization are the golden keys to our coexistence.

Birds fly freely because they have wings, flowers are beautiful because they have fragrance, and the campus will be more advanced because of civilization.

Civilization is the source of happiness.

Let our hearts be as beautiful as flowers.

It is our duty to care about the school; Caring for the school is our obligation; Love school, our voice.

School is a place to learn, and civilization is the foundation of success.

Let's take care of the collective, public property and the environment!

Let's say goodbye to uncivilized behavior.

Civilization is a bridge to communicate with each other.

3 1 compassion flowers are at hand, and compassion grass is at your feet!

The sky is the cradle of warmth. Don't spit smoke into the sky again, it will make the earth sad. Grass is a beautiful carpet, so don't litter and embarrass the earth!

Green and civilization are hope. Let's sow hope together!

Let our quality and civilization be displayed in words and deeds!

Civilization is the core of the flower of success and the sail of the ideal boat.

The starry sky has contributed to us, the sky has contributed to us, the forest has contributed to us, the flowers have contributed to us, and nature has contributed to us. What should we do for nature?

It is not difficult to say hello to the teacher; The difficult thing is to insist on greeting the teacher sincerely.

Let the breath of civilization permeate every corner of the school.

Flowers decorate the world with beauty, and we beautify the campus with actions!

Give me a clean sky so that I can soar; Give me a blue ocean so that I can swim; Give me a beautiful, civilized and quiet campus, and let me sail in the ocean of knowledge!

4 1

; Picking up a piece of paper casually is purely your own spirit; A stain deliberately erased purifies a person's soul.

Loving school equals loving yourself.

Culture is the soul of a school.

Only you and I can have this flesh-and-blood middle school.

Forty-five years is a tree, but a hundred years is a man.

Under the same blue sky, we walked together.

Love creates the new green of life, and the new green shows the beauty of love (love flowers and plants)

There is kindness and pity, and there is love to watch your steps (love flowers and plants).

Grass has feelings, you should be merciful. There is no limit to learning, and I am diligent.

Hide the world in a flower and a grass and see the spirit in words and deeds.

5 1 Love for you; Love for you; It's all green. Here you are.

Be merciful to the flowers and the grass under your feet.

Be merciful under your feet, grass is like grass.

Don't step on me, I'm your green man.

I am a grass and your friend.

The lawn contributes green to us, please protect it.

The natural beauty of flowers is a reflection of the beauty of your heart.

You appreciate the beauty of flowers, and flowers appreciate your nobility.

Give the flower a flowering period and the flower will give you a compliment.

Leave flowers on the branches and beauty in your heart.

6 1 Culture is a lamp, and Xinhai is a ship. The lamp of culture guides the new ships.

Use the vitality of youth to conjure up a gorgeous rainbow, and write a vivid melody with the enthusiasm of life.

Let the smiling face of youth be filled with honest poems, and let the cheerful laughter embellish the harmonious movement.

Let culture and art fill every inch of the earth.

Let the flowers of art bloom freely in the new sea in May, and let our hearts fly freely in the new sea in May.

Understand the cultural world, paramore classroom.

Believe in yourself, hone yourself, enrich yourself, show yourself and let yourself fly.

68 is the depth of the sea, surging with the grandeur of the new sea culture; It is the heroism of the mountain that casts the sublimity of the new sea culture.

Let the sweat of youth flow with the vitality of life; Let the blue sky be full of artistic smiles.

Honesty is the sky, cooperation is the colorful cloud; Openness is a broad wing, and harmony is a river of each other.

7 1 is a huge pen and a long scroll, which can't describe the new face of the sea. The grand plan of the sketchpad is endless.

Discover art with the eyes of the soul, and beautify the soul with artistic talent.

73 Olympic athletes worked hard to create a miracle on earth; Xinhai students struggled to climb and cast a new record high.

The fragrance of writing and ink floats in Changchun Xinhai, and the passionate years pretend to be art halls.

Let passion and inspiration ignite the spark of art in the new sea.

76. Accumulate your hair, reflect your life with art, gush out and fill your campus with feelings.

Youth sprouts in flowers and applause. Art shows artistic charm in students and on campus.

Expand the brilliant artistic wings of Xinhai and hold up the sun shining in the future.

79

The new sea races thousands of miles, and talents from all directions.

May we have a fiery boat of youth and ride the wind and waves in the ocean of culture.

8 1 May we have a gentle artistic wind and spread our wings and fly in the scholarly sky.

Let the songs of art reverberate in the halls of the new sea. Let the fragrance of culture edify the new sea students.

Sunlight shines on the new sea, rainbows penetrate the new sea, birds fly into the new sea, and art illuminates the new sea.

84. God's pony ran 500 miles. The baby eagle flapped its wings and began to escape from 9000 clouds.

Peach and plum are fragrant, the new sea blooms in April, and the harp and chord notes dance on campus.

Fly the wings of dreams and enjoy the fragrance in the flowers of art; Take a boat of hope and fly in the long river of talents.

Let art burn the brilliance of the new sea and nourish the development of art with the new sea.

Let's use artistic watercolor to render blue clouds. Let's decorate the sunshine with the charm of culture.

More:/Gong Wen/Du Zhi/200705/34779.html.

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