More practice refers not only to the practice of consolidating knowledge, but also to the "practice" of psychological quality. To strengthen the practice of attention, we should not only complete the exercises in class seriously, but also complete a certain amount of extracurricular exercises. However, simple "sea tactics" is not desirable, and some representative questions should be selected. Students with a good foundation have to do some comprehensive problems and application problems. In addition, Pingyue should pay attention to adjusting the mentality and cultivate a calm and confident psychological quality.
To sum up more, we should first classify and sort out the classroom knowledge in detail, especially the theorem, deeply understand its connotation, extension, derivation and scope of application, summarize the relationship between various knowledge points, and form a knowledge network in our minds. Secondly, we should analyze and summarize the solutions to various problems. Another kind of summary is also very important, that is, after the usual practice and examination, analyze your own mistakes and weaknesses in order to overcome them in the future.
The following is a simple statement:
1, kinematics. Mainly remember the formula, as well as the decomposition of speed, especially flat throwing and oblique throwing (I don't know if I can take the test), and learn the decomposition method of oblique throwing (decompose speed and acceleration along the inclined plane and vertical inclined plane).
2. statics. Four words, force analysis. Then flexibly use some solutions to analyze the change of force, such as vector triangle, orthogonal decomposition trigonometric function method, similar triangles method and so on.
3. dynamics. Difficulties. Rational use of Niuer and the relationship between energy and momentum. Analyze the complex motion first, then judge the motion situation, and then solve the equation. The topic of energy should pay attention to the energy changes at the beginning and the end (friction can't be ignored), and use the momentum accurately, for example, when the resultant force is zero, or the internal force is much greater than the external force. This part requires training on specific topics.
4. Wave, optics and atomic physics. The reason why these three are put together is because they are not difficult and are basically basic concepts. You just need to thoroughly understand these concepts.
5. Electrostatic field. Pay attention to two points. The first is the concept, electric field, electric potential and electric potential energy, which cannot be confused. The second is a typical question type, which I personally think is two: the application of Coulomb's law refers to several topics such as charge; Another problem is that a uniform electric field is applied between parallel plates, and then the particles do quasi-flat throwing motion.
6. Circuit. The transmitter of high school electricity. Learn the node method first, then the bulge method, and there will be no problem. There are mainly U-I P-I P-R graphs. As long as you practice this part well, there will be no difficult questions.
7. Electromagnetic field. This requires you to master mechanics well. To judge the motion state of the guide bar, we must first analyze the stress situation clearly. Then don't use the left hand rule the other way around. Pay attention to the current direction
Several observation methods
1, sequential observation method: observe in a certain order.
2. Characteristic observation method: observe according to the characteristics of the phenomenon.
3. Comparative observation method: compare the observation of several experimental phenomena or experimental data before and after.
4. Comprehensive observation method: comprehensively observe the phenomenon to understand the whole picture of the observed object.
Process analysis method
1, solving process level: Generally speaking, a complex physical process is composed of several simple "subprocesses". Therefore, the most basic method to analyze physical processes is to divide complex problems into several interrelated "subprocesses" to study.
2. Find out the intermediate state: sometimes it is not easy to divide the stages, but it is also necessary to find out the intermediate state (or process) that determines the physical phenomenon from quantitative change to qualitative change, and correctly analyze the key links of the physical process.
3. Straighten out the restrictive relationship: the occurrence, development and change process of physical phenomena described in some comprehensive questions is a "comprehensive effect" in which many factors are interdependent and mutually restrictive. To analyze correctly, we must observe and analyze from all angles, grasp the law from the internal relations, straighten out the relations and seek solutions.
4. Differentiate the conditions of change: Physical phenomena all develop under certain conditions. When conditions change, the physical process will also change. When analyzing problems, we should pay special attention to distinguish the changes in physical processes caused by changes in conditions and avoid confusing problems with similar shapes.
Causal analysis method
1. Distinguish causal status: Many physical quantities in physics are defined by ratios. Such as R = U/R, E = F/q, etc. In this definition method, not all physical quantities are proportional. When students use physical formulas to deal with physical exercises and problems, they often don't understand the meaning of physical quantities in the formulas, and they can't tell which quantities are causal and which are not.
2. Pay attention to causal correspondence: any result is caused by some reason, and some reason produces some result. Cause and effect are often one-to-one correspondence and cannot be confused.
3. Causal analysis is beneficial to the development of multi-directional thinking in physical training with different ways of thinking.
Prototype heuristic method
Prototype inspiration is a way to inspire people to solve new problems through things similar to hypothetical things. What can inspire is called prototype. Prototypes can come from life, production and experiment. For example, the shape of a fish is a prototype for creating a hull. Whether the prototype inspiration can be realized depends on whether there is a prototype in your mind, and the prototype is related to the representation reserve in your mind. There are three main ways to add prototypes: 1. Pay attention to various phenomena in life and try to explain them with what you have learned; 2, through extra-curricular books, television, science and education movies; 3. Pay attention to the experiment.
Generalized method
Generalization is a cognitive method from individual to general. Its basic feature is to find their * * * sameness from individual objects of the same kind, and to expand from a specific and small-scale understanding to a more general and larger-scale understanding. From the psychological point of view, there are two different forms of generalization: one is advanced and scientific generalization, and the result of this generalization is often a concept, which is called conceptual generalization; The other is the generalization of primary form and experience, which is also called the generalization of similar characteristics.
The generalization of similar characteristics is to compare different things according to their external characteristics, discard their different characteristics and summarize their * * * same characteristics. This is a summary of the perceptual representation stage, and the result is often perceptual and primary. To transform it into a high-level generalization, we must analyze and synthesize all kinds of things and phenomena in depth on the basis of empirical generalization, abstract the essential attributes of things and phenomena, and discard the non-essential attributes.
inductive method
Induction is an important method to study classical physics and its theoretical construction. The main tasks to be solved are: first, to understand the causal relationship between things and phenomena by causing or holding reasons, and to make auxiliary preparations for understanding physical laws. Secondly, grasp the essence through phenomena, classify some physical facts (phenomena and processes) into a certain category, and find the dominant regularity. The way to accomplish this induction task is: on the basis of observation and experiment, through careful investigation of various cases, using a series of logical methods such as comparison, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, and exploration of causality, to deduce general guesses or assumptions, and then to correct and supplement them through deduction until the general conclusion of physics is finally drawn.
comparative law
Comparative method is a common thinking method in physics research, and it is also the most basic method we often use. The essence of this method is to analyze the similarities and differences of physical phenomena, concepts and laws and grasp their essential attributes.
similar
Analogy is to imagine one physical phenomenon as another and compare the two physical phenomena, so as to deduce the law of another physical phenomenon from the known law of physical phenomena or solve the problems in another physical phenomenon. Analogy can not only be carried out within the physical knowledge system, but also compare many physical knowledge with other knowledge, such as mathematics knowledge, chemistry knowledge, philosophy knowledge, common sense of life and so on. , can often play a role in solving problems and opening up ideas.
Hypothetical reasoning method
Hypothetical reasoning is a scientific way of thinking, which requires us to use laws flexibly according to the physical process, make bold assumptions, break through the limitations of thinking methods, and simplify the complex. The main contents are as follows: 1, physical process hypothesis; 2. Physical line hypothesis; 3. Inference process hypothesis; 4. Critical state hypothesis; 5. Vector direction hypothesis.
The "magic weapon" to learn physics well includes previewing, attending classes, sorting, applying (homework), reviewing and summarizing, etc. A large number of facts show that full preparation before class is the premise of learning physics well; Active and efficient lectures are the key to learning physics well; It is an important way to consolidate, deepen and activate the understanding of physical concepts and transform knowledge into the ability to solve practical problems, thus forming skills. Being good at reviewing, summarizing and summarizing can make the learned knowledge extrapolate; Reading popular science books properly and participating in scientific and technological activities are beneficial supplements to learning physics well; It is the motivation and guarantee to learn physics well to set lofty goals, make full mental preparation and maintain a good learning attitude. Pay attention to learning methods and improve learning ability.
Start with the following points.
First of all, prepare carefully before class
Preview is an important part of reading textbooks before class and acquiring new knowledge by self-study.
To preview new lessons that have not been taught before class, we should first read the contents of the new lessons carefully, and understand the knowledge system, key points, difficulties, scope and requirements of the teaching materials through reading, analysis and thinking. For physical concepts and laws, we should grasp their core, as well as the differences and connections with other physical concepts and laws, and record the difficult problems that we don't understand in textbooks. If you forget what you have learned, you can make up for it in time when you preview before class, so that class will not be difficult. Then look at the content of the new lesson, find out the connection between knowledge points, master the context of knowledge, and draw a sketch of knowledge structure. At the same time, we should look at typical examples and find ways to solve them. It is necessary to check the reading effect by solving the exercises at the back of the book and summarize the general ideas and steps of solving the problem. Students with ability can also read extracurricular books with relevant contents appropriately.
Second, actively improve the efficiency of lectures
Listening to lectures with previewed questions can improve the efficiency of lectures and make the focus of lectures more prominent. In class, the teacher talked about what he didn't understand in the preview. He was very active, paid special attention and wanted to understand in class. At the same time, you can check the depth and breadth of your understanding of the textbook against the teacher's explanation, learn the teacher's analysis process and thinking method of difficult problems, and also ask questions, question and put forward your own views. In this way, after listening to the class, we can not only grasp the key points of knowledge, break through the difficulties and grasp the key points, but also better grasp the teachers' ideas and methods of analyzing and solving problems, and further improve their learning ability.
Third, organize your study notes regularly.
In the process of learning, through reviewing what you have learned and comparing preview notes, lecture notes, homework, standard tests, textbooks and reference books, your knowledge can reach a systematic, complete and highly summarized level. Study notes should be concise, easy to read, clear at a glance, in line with their own characteristics. Do it regularly according to the system of knowledge itself, and sort out and summarize the study notes in order to systematize the knowledge. Save the results of these thoughts in time, and when you review later, you can quickly return to the height you have reached. If you trust your memory and don't take notes while studying, you will often forget when to use it. What a pity!
Fourth, do your homework in time.
Homework is an indispensable link to learn physics knowledge well, and it is the basic method to master knowledge and skilled skills. In the usual preview, check your preview effect with the exercises in the book, and do one more question after class to analyze the optimal solution. Choose the self-test of extracurricular exercises in chapter review and give timely feedback. Therefore, doing homework carefully can deepen the understanding of what you have learned, find the weak links in knowledge and consciously strengthen them, gradually cultivate your ability to analyze and solve problems, and gradually establish confidence in solving practical problems.
To do homework well, we must first carefully examine the questions, find out the physical process described in the questions, and make clear the conditions given in the questions and the problems to be solved; According to the physical phenomenon and process stated in the question, according to the physical knowledge learned, choose the physical concepts and laws to be used in solving the problem; Establish mathematical relations through calm thinking or analytical reasoning; With the help of mathematical tools, the units of various physical quantities should be unified into the international system of units when solving; Finally, the answers must be verified and discussed to check whether the laws used are correct, whether the physical units appearing in the operation are consistent, whether the answers are correct and realistic, whether the physical meaning is clear, whether the operation process is rigorous, and whether there are other solutions. Only by verifying the answers and reviewing the problem-solving process can we firmly grasp the knowledge, be familiar with various problem-solving ideas and methods, and improve the problem-solving ability.
Review, summary and improvement of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
If you don't review the knowledge you have learned and the exercises you have done in time, and don't summarize them, it will easily lead to the fragmentation of knowledge and the tendency to learn physics in isolation and mechanically. The result must be a large piece of physical content, a lot of laws and formulas, but the specific process is not clear, and the relationship between physical quantities in the formula is not well understood. We can't focus on the overall situation and use physical concepts and laws flexibly to solve specific problems. So review and summarize in time after class. After-class review should not only organize notes, complete homework after each class, but also review chapters. We should always find out the essence, internal relations and the process of change and development of things through comparison and identification, and summarize them in time to form systematic knowledge. Through analysis, comparison, induction and summary, we can make knowledge coherent and vertical and horizontal, and deepen our understanding of physical concepts and laws from the causal relationship and development of physical quantities. This can not only consolidate and deepen the knowledge learned, but also improve the ability of induction and summary.
Sixth, make psychological preparations and adjust the learning mentality.
In the first class of studying physics, the teacher will talk about the difficulty of physics learning. Before studying physics, I heard senior students say that physics teaching is difficult. Therefore, most students have some abnormal learning mentality when studying physics, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) nervousness and fear. The difficulty in learning physics left a deep impression on their minds. They are afraid of taking physics classes, doing physics homework, asking questions in class, talking to teachers individually, doing experiments and doing things. They try their best to avoid studying. Their timid heartstrings are always tense, and they cannot combine theory with practice and apply what they have learned to practice. Over time, the more afraid they are of learning, the harder it becomes. (2) the psychology of "eating a fat man in one bite". I want to improve my grades, but after a period of hard work, my grades haven't improved much, and then I have the wrong psychology of "I can't learn well anyway" and "I'm not cut out for learning". (3) negative psychology. Learning is sloppy, lazy thinking is heavy, learning lacks initiative, and it is in a passive coping state. In class, I am often "absent-minded" and look forward to "the class will be over soon" When the teacher asks questions, most of them say "No."
It is true that physics is difficult to learn, but it is by no means bad. As long as you study according to the characteristics of physics, do as mentioned above, understand and pay attention to thinking about the physical process, don't memorize, often do things, often use your head to think, and don't ask your classmates or teachers whenever you encounter problems. If you want to find a suitable learning method and have fun in learning, you can cultivate your interest in learning physics. For example, when a student illustrates his learning ability, he makes up a jingle: "Four fixed points are action points, directions, scales and lengths, and two marks are arrows, values and units." Physics plays an inestimable role in the development of modern society.
If you study spontaneously, actively and actively, you will certainly learn physics well.
Also, if you want to learn circuits, just look at/v _ playlist/f 2105970o1p0.html.