1, Zhuge Liang's "command book"

A gentleman's journey is quiet to cultivate one's morality, and frugal to cultivate one's morality. Not cold, not awake, not quiet, not far away. Fu Xue, want to be quiet; Just, you have to learn. If you don't learn, you can't be versatile, and if you don't want to learn, you can't succeed. You can't study hard if you are slow, and you can't be rational if you are in danger.

This is a letter that Zhuge Liang wrote to his eight-year-old son in his later years. In this letter, Zhuge Liang asked his son to study hard, be inspirational and work hard on his indifferent and quiet cultivation. Don't be impetuous and behave absurdly. At the end of the article, he inculcated: "Young people who don't work hard are sad." Zhuge Liang worked hard day and night for Shu Han and had no time to take care of his son's education, so he wrote this letter to warn his son.

2. Confucius's Xunzi Carp

"If you don't learn poetry, there is nothing to say; If you don't learn' ceremony', you can't stand. "

One day, Confucius was standing in the yard, and his son Kong Li was walking briskly with his head down. Confucius stopped him and asked, "Have you ever studied poetry?" Kong Li replied, "No". Confucius said, "If you don't learn poetry, how can you speak?" Kong Li went back to study poetry. The next day, Kong Li met Confucius standing in the yard again. Confucius asked, "Have you learned etiquette?" Kong Li replied: "No." Confucius said, "If you don't learn manners, how can you be a man?" So Kong Li went back to practice the ceremony. This story is called "Xunting". Later, the ancients called it "Xunting" when the father reprimanded his son.

3. Sima Tan's "Life is Moving"

Filial piety, however, begins with relatives, serves you, and finally stands; Leave a name for parents in later generations, who is the greatest filial piety.

Sima Tan believes that since the death of Confucius 400 years ago, the princes merged and historical records were cut off, but today's domestic reunification has many deeds, such as sagacity, loyalty, loyalty and so on. However, as a Taishiling, he can't do his writing duty, so he is very uneasy. So when he died, he cried and told his son Sima Qian, hoping that he would inherit his father's footsteps and not forget to write history books. Sima Qian lived up to his father's orders and finally wrote the Historical Records, which was praised as "a historian's swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme".

4. Han Yu's family instructions

Someone asked me about worldly affairs and shook my head and said I didn't know. You must be close to a knowledgeable person, but it is a heartless friend to thank you early. Taking a step back is natural and elegant, and it is even more leisurely. Endure a few carefree words and be happy for a while. If you are poor, you can't boast that you are rich, but you can't see that you are rich for long. I would rather pick tea in the mountains and touch wine in the flower street. It is easy for a gentleman to get married, but it is not difficult for seven gentlemen to make up their minds. Eating vegetable roots is light and tasty, so it's not surprising to observe the king's law.

From these family instructions, we can easily see that Han Yu's honest and frank personality and his attitude towards life are adaptive, carefree and philosophical. This is also what he wants to warn future generations.

5. Ouyang Xiu's "Teaching Theory"

Jade is not cut, not a tool; People don't learn or know. However, jade is one thing, and Changde is constant. Although it is not a tool, it still does no harm to jade. Human nature, because things will move, if you don't learn, you will be a villain, not a gentleman, but don't think about it.

—— Excerpted from Ouyang Xiu's Teaching Theory

Ouyang Xiu advised future generations to study hard and improve their self-cultivation. Warning to future generations: if people want to make a difference, they must be honed first. People's habits are most easily influenced by the external material environment. If you can't temper yourself from time to time and improve your knowledge and moral connotation, you will abandon the gentleman and become a villain.

6. Lu You Family Training

Those who are sharp after life are most likely to do bad things. If there is, my father and brother should be worried, not happy. Always add a simple bundle to familiarize yourself with Confucian classics, be generous and respect, and don't let people swim with superficiality. From then on, for ten years, my interests became self-contained. Otherwise, it is not the only thing to worry about. I said this, and so is the medicine stone of later generations. We should be careful and not regret it.

Lu You attached great importance to the education of his children, so he wrote a new family instruction for future generations. He told future generations: children's conduct should start with dolls, and with good moral conduct, they can be a person with sound personality and truly serve the society; And to educate children, we must become adults first, and then become talents. Lu You believes that children's growth is inseparable from the environment, so it is necessary to make friends.

7. Ji Xiaolan's Under the Temptation and Silk Clothes.

Under the temptation: get up late; Second, quit being lazy; The three precepts are luxurious and gorgeous; Under the temptation is pride.

Four appropriate: one appropriate: study hard; Second: respect teachers; Three meanings: love all beings; Sisi Lee: Pay attention to your diet.

Ji Xiaolan also wrote a letter from home about Xundal, which was highly praised by later generations. In the letter, I taught my son to be cautious in making friends and to think twice before you act. Know how to distinguish between a gentleman and a villain, and be more upright and useful.

8. Bao Zheng Family Training

Future generations are officials, and those who have committed crimes are not allowed to return to their homes; After his death, he should not be buried in a big coffin. If you don't follow my wishes, you are not my descendant. (Gambling word) Yang Gong published a stone, which stood on the main wall of the landlord to inform future generations.

Bao Zheng said in his family precepts that no corrupt official can go back to his hometown, and he is not allowed to be buried on his ancestral grave after his death. Bao Zheng's family precepts are not only his admonitions to future generations, but also a portrayal of his life. 9. Zhu Bailu's motto of managing the family

Get up at dawn, sweep the courtyard, and be neat inside and outside. When you are unconscious, you will rest. If you close the door, you will behave well. A porridge and a meal, it is not easy to think about it. It is better to prepare for a rainy day than to dig a well when you are thirsty. Self-help must be frugal, and banquet guests must not stay overnight.

To sum up, there are many contents in the nine ancient family precepts, some of which can still be used for reference in modern times.