Pronunciation: hú fú qí shè
Hu Interpretation: Ancient refers to the ethnic minorities in the northern and western languages. It refers to learning the short-sleeved costumes of Hu people, and also learning their martial arts such as riding and shooting. The allusion of "Khufu riding and shooting" tells people not to stand still, but to learn from others and be brave in reform.
Zhao Ce II in the Warring States Policy: "Today I (Zhao Haoqi Wuling) will ride and shoot Khufu to teach the people."
suggestion
King Wuling of Zhao is an energetic monarch of Zhao. In order to resist the invasion of northern Hu people, the military reform of "Hufu riding and shooting" was carried out. The central content of the reform is to put on the clothes of the Hu people and learn the fighting methods of the Hu people riding and shooting. To this end, he pushed aside the crowd, took the lead in putting on Hu clothes, learning to ride horses, practicing archery and training in person, which made Zhao's military strength stronger and stronger, and he was able to retreat from the Hu people in the west and destroy Zhongshan in the north, becoming one of the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States".
According to legend, Zhajianling in the west of Handan is the place where King Wuling of Zhao is practicing "riding and shooting" and training his foot soldiers.
During the Warring States Period, the present Hetao area belonged to Jiuyuan County, Zhong Jun County, Zhao Zhiyun. Zhao Wuling, an outstanding social reformer, was in power in the northwest frontier region, which started from Yinshan Mountain in the north and was filled with birds.
When King Wuling of Zhao ascended the throne, Zhao was in a period of national decline, and even small neighboring countries like Zhongshan often invaded. In wars with some big countries, Zhao was often defeated, generals were captured and cities were occupied. Zhao watched himself being swallowed up by other countries.
Zhao is located in the north, and often associates with nomadic people in the north, such as Lou Fan and Dong Hu. King Wuling of Zhao saw that the Hu people had some special advantages in military costumes: wearing narrow sleeves and short coats made life and hunting more convenient; The use of cavalry and bows and arrows in combat is more flexible than the chariots and spears in the Central Plains. He said to his opponent: "The cavalry of the nomadic people in the north come like birds and go like strings. Today, this is a rapid reaction force. Such troops are galloping on the battlefield, and there is no reason not to win. "
In order to enrich Qiang Bing, King Wuling of Zhao put forward the idea of "wearing Hu clothes" and "learning to ride and shoot", determined to learn from the advantages of Hu people and make up for the shortcomings of the Central Plains. However, before the order of "Khufu riding and shooting" was issued, it was opposed by many royal families. Gong Zicheng and others refused to accept the reform on the grounds that "learning from the ancient ways is against the people's hearts." King Wuling of Zhao retorted: "People with both ability and political integrity should take countermeasures according to the actual situation and do everything that is conducive to the prosperity of the country. As long as it is beneficial to Qiang Bing, a rich country, why should we stick to the old laws of the ancients? " With the determination to control Hu with Hu, King Wuling of Zhao broke through the blockade of conservative forces and resolutely promulgated the law of "Hu Fu riding and shooting". King Wuling of Zhao ordered the whole country to wear Hu clothes, learn to ride and shoot, and take the lead in wearing Hu clothes to meet ministers. After Khufu was fully equipped in the Zhao army, King Wuling of Zhao began to train soldiers to learn the appearance of the Hu people, ride horses and shoot arrows, and conduct practical exercises in combination with hunting activities.
Gong Zicheng and others were very unhappy when they saw that King Wuling of Zhao was really moved, so they made a rumor below and said, "King Wuling of Zhao always looks at us with unhappy eyes, which is deliberately made to humiliate us." Hearing this, King Wuling of Zhao summoned all the officials in the Qing Dynasty and shot an arrow through the sleeper above the gate in front of them. He said sternly, "If anyone dares to obstruct the political reform again, my arrow will go through his chest!" Childe into people looked at each other, from then on, never dare to comment.
Under the personal instruction of King Wuling of Zhao, the people's production capacity and military capability have been greatly improved, and they have played a great role in the struggle against the northern nationalities and the governors of the Central Plains. From the second year of riding and shooting, Zhao's national strength gradually became stronger. Later, it not only defeated Zhongshan State, which often invaded Zhao, but also seized the land of Helou, opened up thousands of miles of territory to the north, and set up Yunzhong, Yanmen and administrative districts, which reached the current Hetao area. King Wuling of Zhao's "Khufu Riding and Shooting" is a great change in the ancient military history of our country, and it has been passed down as a much-told story by historians of past dynasties. Especially under the political background that the Central Plains Dynasty regarded ethnic minorities as "dissidents", King Wuling of Zhao pushed aside the crowd, broke through the obstruction of conservative forces and resolutely implemented the national policy of learning from foreigners, which showed his courage and courage as an ancient social reformer. King Wuling of Zhao deserves to be remembered and imitated by future generations.
Khufu Riding and Shooting-Hu Lin and Lou Fan
In the pre-Qin period, these two ethnic groups appeared in the northern part of Shang and Zhou Dynasties at the same time as those with ghost faces. According to the Yi Yin Book, Loufan lived in the north. It is also recorded in Historical Records that during the Spring and Autumn Period, there were Hu Lin and Lou Fan in the north of Shanxi (now the north of Shanxi). It can be seen that Hulin and Loufan are the oldest primitive tribes in central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
During the Warring States period, the seven countries competed for hegemony, and the two countries became independent, often annexing neighboring countries by force. Because Hu Lin and Lou Fan are relatively weak, under the pressure of Zhao Yan, they moved again and again, first from Shaanxi to Yanbei, and then from southwest to Zhao Bei. In 306 BC, King Wuling of Zhao defeated Zhao's subordinate Hu Lin. During the Warring States Period, Hu Lin's active area was in the south of Daqingshan and east of the Yellow River, mainly in the Qingshuihe area of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. After King Wuling of Zhao surrendered to Hu Lin, this kind of "costume" was disgusting, and he incorporated their army. In this way, thousands of miles of land in Hulin and Loufan were incorporated into their own territory, and three counties were set up to manage them. Moreover, the Great Wall started from Xuanhua, Hebei Province, and went west along the yinshan mountains to the Wolf Gorge north of Wuyuan, Hetao, in order to consolidate the land and defend the North Lake.
When Zhao Chengxiao became king, Li Mu, the general of Zhao, defeated more than 100,000 Huns and surrendered to Hu Lin. Since then, Hu Lin's name has disappeared. But Loufan still exists and is active in Ordos area.
In the late Warring States period, Xiongnu, who was active in Hetao area, rose and occupied Henan (Ordos area) south of the Yellow River, and Loufan belonged to Xiongnu. After Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, Meng Tian recovered "Henan Land" and Loufan was ruled by Qin. After the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, the Huns destroyed East Lake, attacked Yueshi in the west, and annexed Loufan, Aries and King of Henan in the south. Loufan belonged to the Huns for nearly a hundred years. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, Loufan was merged into the Han Dynasty after Wei Qing led troops to recapture the Hetao area on both sides of the Yellow River in 127, and Loufan was no longer a country.
Hulin and Loufan are nomadic people whose main economic life is animal husbandry. Popular in Hulin and Loufan, "Khufu Riding and Shooting" is very popular among all ethnic groups in the Central Plains. King Wuling of Zhao once trained cavalry on the east bank of the big river in the southeast of Hohhot, turning the chariot only suitable for plain combat into a light assault cavalry.
Lou is boring, scattered in Senegal, or merged into Xiongnu or Han nationality, and gradually disappeared from the historical stage.