The beauty of mountains and rivers has been appreciated by literati since ancient times. The peak reaches straight into the sky, and the water is crystal clear. The rocks and cliffs on both sides of the river are colorful and complement each other. Green trees and emerald bamboos are available all year round. At dawn, the fog is about to dissipate, and you can hear the roar of apes and the chirping of birds. In the evening, the sun is about to set, and the fish swimming in the water are jumping. This is truly a paradise on earth! Since Xie Lingyun (Kang Le Gong), no one can understand the joy of it.

Title of the work

The Beauty of Mountains and Rivers

Also name of the work

"A Letter of Thanks to Zhongshu"

Creation Year

Southern Qi and Nanliang

Source of the work

"Complete Ancient Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties Essays. Complete Liang Essays"

Author

Tao Hongjing

Table of contents

1 Alias

2 Original text

3 Translation of full text and single sentence translation notes

4 Introduction to the author

5 Writing background

6 Reading appreciation

7 About the title

8 Techniques

1 Alias ??editor

Also known as: "Thanks to Zhongshu", this article is an excerpt, and the title was added by the editor.

Xie Zhongshu: refers to Xie Zheng, the author’s friend. Zhongshu: Official title. The latter "book" refers to the letter, and this text is part of the original letter. Selected from "Complete Ancient Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties Essays. Complete Liang Essays".

2 Original editor

The beauty of mountains and rivers has been talked about since ancient times. The peak reaches the clouds, and the clear stream bottoms out. The stone walls on both sides of the bank are of five colors. Green forests and green bamboos are available for all four seasons. The fog is about to break at dawn, and the apes and birds are chirping wildly. The sunset is about to fade ⑿, and Shen Linjing (12) jumps up ⒀. It is actually the fairyland of the world of desire⒁. Since Kangle ⒂, there has never been anyone as capable as ⒄ Qiqi (18).

3 Translation Editor

Full Text Translation

The beauty of mountains and rivers has been admired and admired by people since ancient times! The majestic peaks tower into the clouds, and the clear streams are crystal clear. The stone walls on both sides are colorful and complement each other. Green forests and green bamboo bushes last all seasons. When the morning mist is about to dissipate, the chirping of apes and birds can be heard; when the sun is about to set, the fish swimming in the water rush to jump out of the water. This is truly a paradise on earth! Since Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasties, no one has been able to be exposed to such wonderful scenery.

Single sentence translation

The beauty of mountains and rivers has been talked about since ancient times. ——The beauty of mountains and rivers has been a topic that people talk about since ancient times.

The peak reaches the clouds, and the clear stream bottoms out. ——The majestic mountain peaks tower into the clouds, and the clear rivers are visible to the bottom.

The stone walls on both sides of the strait are in five colors. ——The stone walls on both sides of the bank are reflected in various colors by the sun.

Green forests and green bamboos are available for all seasons. ——Green woods and emerald bamboo forests are available in four seasons.

The fog is about to subside at dawn, and the apes and birds are chirping. ——The morning fog is about to dissipate, and the apes and birds are chirping continuously, and the sounds come and go.

The sunset is about to fade, and the scales are sinking and jumping. ——The evening sun is about to set, and the fish swimming in the water are competing to jump out of the water.

It is truly the fairy capital of the world of desire. ——This is really a paradise on earth.

Since the beginning of Kangle, there has never been anyone more amazing. ——Since Duke Kang Le, no one can blend into this wonderful scenery of beautiful mountains and rivers.

Notes

This article is excerpted from Volume 46 of "Complete Ancient Three Dynasties, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties: Complete Liang Prose", published by Zhonghua Book Company in 1983. The original text is titled "A Letter of Thanks to Zhongshu". This article is an excerpt, and the title was added by the editor. Xie Zhongshu: refers to Xie Zheng, the author’s friend. Zhongshu: Official title. This text is part of the original letter. Tao Hongjing (456-536), courtesy name Tongming and nickname Huayang Seclusion, was a thinker, calligrapher, painter, and medical scientist in the Qi and Liang Dynasties of the Southern Dynasties. He was a native of Moling, Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and was known as the Prime Minister of the Mountains.

There is "Huayang Tao's Seclusion Collection".

2. Cross-brilliance: complement each other.

3. Four Seasons: Four Seasons.

4. Rest: dissipate.

5. Decline: fall.

6. Shen Lin: a fish swimming in the water.

7. Realm of Desire: Buddhist language. That means the human world.

8. Dawn: Early morning

9. Immortal City: a beautiful world where gods live.

10. Kang Le: Xie Lingyun, a poet of the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty, was named Kang Le Gong and the founder of the landscape poetry school. Because of the hereditary title of Kang Le Gong, he was known as Kang Le in the world.

11. And (yù): participation, here refers to appreciation.

12. Ju: all, all.

13. Leap: jump.

14. Competition: competition

Old and modern idioms ① All four seasons (ancient meaning of time: season and modern meaning: time)

②The dawn fog will Rest (ancient meaning of rest: dissipate; today’s meaning: rest)

③The sunset is decadent (ancient meaning: fall; today’s meaning: depression, dejection)

④Ancient talk about ( Talk: ancient meaning: praise, modern meaning: talk)

The word has multiple meanings: the sunset will be decadent (will be), it is actually the fairyland of the world of desire (the world of desire, refers to the human world)

Parts of speech Make use of the five colors Jiaohui (Hui, noun used as a verb, Huiying Jiao: intersect)

4 Author introduction editor

Tao Hongjing (456-536), with a courtesy name and a self-titled He lived in seclusion in Huayang and was posthumously named Mr. Zhenbai. One of the representatives of the Maoshan School of Taoism during the Southern Qi and Nanliang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, he was also a famous medical scientist and thinker. A native of Moling, Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). He was born in the third year of the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 456) and died in the second year of the Datong reign of Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty (AD 536). He lived to be eighty-one years old and experienced the three dynasties of Song, Qi and Liang in the Southern Dynasties. He once served as an official in the Qi Dynasty and served as Lieutenant General of Zuowei Palace. Hongjing was smart since he was a child. When he was ten years old, he read Ge Hong's "The Legend of Immortals" and decided to keep in good health. At the age of fifteen, he wrote "Xunshan Zhi". When he was less than twenty, he served as an attendant to the kings. Although he is a public servant, he is not sociable and concentrates on studying. At the age of thirty-six, he resigned and lived in seclusion. At the age of twenty, he was invited to serve as an attendant of the kings, and later became the general of Zuowei Palace. At the age of thirty-six, Liang Dynasty established Qi and lived in seclusion in Juqu Mountain (Maoshan). Emperor Wu of Liang had known Tao Hongjing in his early years. After he became emperor, he wanted him to serve as an official and assist in government affairs. Tao then drew a picture of two cows, one grazing freely, the other wearing a golden halter and being led by the nose by a man holding a whip. Emperor Wu of Liang knew what he meant as soon as he saw him. Although he was not an official, he kept writing letters and was known as the "Prime Minister of the Mountains". His thoughts were derived from Lao-Zhuang philosophy and Ge Hong's Taoism of Immortals, and were mixed with Confucian and Buddhist views. Gongcao Li's running script is particularly wonderful. He has done some research on calendar calculation, geography, medicine, etc. He once compiled the ancient "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" and added new drugs used by famous doctors in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. He compiled the seven-volume "Compendium of Materia Medica", which contains 730 kinds of drugs. He also pioneered the classification method of drugs that is still used today, using jade, grass, The classification of insects, animals, fruits, vegetables and rice has a certain influence on the development of herbal medicine (the original book has been lost). He also wrote "Zhen Gao", "Zhen Ling Position and Industry Map", "Tao's Effective Prescriptions", "One Hundred Prescriptions for Buque Ji Hou", "Tao Yinju's Materia Medica", "Yao Zong Jue", etc.

The author Tao Hongjing

Tao Hongjing is a great writer. As a person, "Liang Shu·Chu Shi Biography" said: "He is tactful and modest. He comes from the underworld, his heart is like a mirror, and he is easy to deal with when he encounters things." It is also used as a celestial image, three feet high, with twenty-eight degrees engraved on it, and seven rays traveling on the road. It is not only used for astronomical calendars, but also helpful for spiritual practice. I once dreamed that the Buddha received the Book of Bodhi and was named Victorious Bodhisattva, so I went to the Ashoka Pagoda to swear by myself and receive the five major precepts. He died in the second year of Datong at the age of eighty-five (some say eighty-one years old). His color remained unchanged, he could bend and apply freely, and his fragrance filled the mountain and lingered for several days.

At the beginning of the article, the author used people's attitude towards mountains and rivers to write "The beauty of mountains and rivers has been talked about since ancient times", and then "The peaks reach into the clouds, and the clear streams bottom out. The stone walls on both sides are in five colors. Green forests and green bamboos, "The four seasons are all available." This sentence is a general description. The author firmly grasps the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery: mountains, flowing clouds, streams, green forests, green bamboos... using the technique of line drawing and a little coloring, a picture of Jiangnan is formed. Beautiful pictures of mountains and rivers.

"The dawn fog is about to break, and apes and birds are chirping wildly. The sunset is about to fade, and the sunken scales are jumping." The author chose two shots with a strong sense of picture: the dawn fog and the sunset to describe and render them.

At dusk and sunset, it is another beautiful landscape. The afterglow of the setting sun saves the earth, and the gurgling streams are rippling with blue waves; light and shadow are cleverly softened together, and it is difficult to tell which is the water under the light and which is the light in the water; naughty brocade scales look for food and play at the bottom of the water from time to time. They jump out of the water from time to time, stirring up ripples and rippling in circles on the far shore. Being alone like this, in the beautiful scenery, consciously or unconsciously integrated into the beautiful nature, we can't help but have this question: Could the legendary fairyland on earth be here? Otherwise, why would it be so quiet and refined, without a trace of human fireworks? The language is clear, simple, vivid and vivid, leaving readers with plenty of room for imagination.

The whole article contains landscapes and bamboo forests, dawn mist and sunset, apes and birds... There are metaphors, exaggerations, personifications, both positive and negative descriptions, and there are endless fun and truths. Completely full of life. After reading this article, I feel that I have no mind at all. I am outside things, but my mind is pure and clear! The last sentence expresses the lamentation of the author's desolate heart.

Related links:

① This article is excerpted from Volume 46 of "Quan Liangwen, Three Dynasties of Ancient Times, Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties", published by Zhonghua Book Company in 1983. The original text is titled "A Letter of Thanks to Zhongshu". This article is an excerpt, and the title was added by the editor. Xie Zhongshu refers to Xie Zheng, the author's friend. Zhongshu, official title. The latter "book" refers to the letter, and this text is part of the original letter. Tao Hongjing (456~536), courtesy name Tongming, was a Taoist thinker and medical scientist during the Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. He was a native of Moling, Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province). He is the author of the "Collection of Huayang Tao's Residence in Seclusion"

7 About the title editor

1. Explain the following words:

1. The fog is about to break at dawn, and the apes and birds are chirping wildly. Rest: dissipate. Chaos: one after another.

2. The sunset is about to fade, and the scales are sinking and jumping. Desire: Will. Decline: fall. Shen Lin: A fish swimming in the water.

Jumping: competing to jump. Scale: fish.

3. It is actually the fairyland of the Desire Realm. The Desire Realm: the human world.

4. There are no more capable and extraordinary people: participation, here refers to appreciation.

5. In ancient times, Tantan: Appreciation, discussion, appreciation

6. The five colors complement each other: complement each other.

2. Translated sentences:

1. The fog is about to break at dawn, and the apes and birds are chirping.

(When the morning mist is about to dissipate, the chirping of apes and birds comes one after another.)

2. The sunset is about to fade, and the scales are dancing.

(When the sun is about to set, the fish swimming in the water rush to jump out of the water.)

3. Since Kangle, there has never been anyone who can do something extraordinary.

Since the time of Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasties, no one has been able to be exposed to such beautiful scenery.

3. Key issues:

1. Central idea (expressed thoughts and feelings): This article expresses the author’s joy of being intoxicated by the mountains and rivers and his close friends from ancient and modern times through the description of the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers. ***The feeling of pride in admiring the beautiful scenery also expresses the aspiration to return to the forest and spring.

2. What role does the first sentence "The beauty of mountains and rivers have been talked about since ancient times" play in the full text?

Full text of the General Leader

3. What is the function and implication of the sentence "Since the beginning of Kangle, there has been no one who can do anything extraordinary"? What thoughts and feelings does the author express?

Function: Make the language of the article have the beauty of evacuation while being neat.

Implication: Since Kang Le Gong Xie Lingyun, only I can appreciate this wonderful scene. This sentence not only expresses my admiration for Xie Lingyun, but also expresses my pride in being able to appreciate the beautiful scenery.

4. Use the language in the text to answer the questions:

(1) What is the sentence that expresses the beauty of the mountains and rivers? ("The peak reaches the clouds, and the clear stream reaches the bottom.")

(2) What is the sentence that expresses the beauty of color coordination? ("The stone walls on both sides of the strait are in five colors.")

(3) What is the sentence that expresses the beauty of the changes in morning and dusk? ("The fog is about to break at dawn, and the apes and birds are chirping wildly. The sunset is about to fade, and the sunken scales are jumping.")

8 Editing techniques

This poem is mainly about the tranquility of the spring mountain at night. Falling flowers and moonrise are all moving scenes, while the singing of birds creates sounds. The poet's technique of using movement to contrast stillness and sound to describe stillness further highlights the tranquility of the mountain.