Nowadays, the telephone has entered thousands of households. Do you know who invented the telephone?

Bell is the man who invented the telephone. He was born in England on 1847. When he was young, he was a teacher for the deaf. He wants to make a machine that can make deaf people see with their eyes.

1873, Bell, who became a professor at Boston University in the United States, began to study the device of transmitting multiple telegrams on the same line-multiplex telegrams, and he sprouted the idea of transmitting people's voices to far places with electricity, so that people thousands of miles away could talk face to face. So bell began to study the telephone.

That was June 2nd, 1875. Bell and his assistant Watson are experimenting with multiple telegrams in two rooms respectively. An accidental accident excited a spring on the telegraph in Bell Watson's room and made it stick to the magnet. When Watson pulled open the spring, it vibrated. At the same time, Bell was surprised to find that the spring on the telegraph in his room vibrated and made a sound. It is the current that makes a person vibrate. Bell's mind suddenly broadened. It occurred to him that if a person speaks to the iron plate, the sound will cause the iron plate to vibrate. If an electromagnet is placed behind the iron sheet, the vibration of the iron sheet will inevitably produce a large current and a small current in the electromagnet coil. This fluctuating current will travel far away along the wire. Will similar equipment in the distance have the same vibration? Will it make the same sound? In this way, the sound will travel far away along the wire. Isn't this the dream phone?

Bell and Watson made a telephone based on this new idea. In an experiment, a drop of sulfuric acid splashed on Bell's leg, which made him cry: [Mr. Watson, I need you. Please come to me! "This sentence reached Watson's ears by telephone through wires. The call was successful! 1On March 7th, 876, Bell became the patentee of telephone invention.

Bell obtained 18 patents in his life. He cooperated with others to obtain 12 patents. He envisions burying telephone lines in the ground or hanging them in the air, connecting them to houses, villages and factories-in this way, you can call anywhere directly. Today, Bell's idea has become a reality.

Beethoven who didn't give in to ear disease.

Beethoven is a famous great musician. 1770 was born in a musical family in Germany. He studied music with his father since childhood. He gave a solo concert when he was eight years old. He started teaching, performing and composing in Vienna at the age of 22.

Beethoven has an outstanding talent for music. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, he went to the door to ask Mozart for advice. Mozart asked him to play a piano piece. Beethoven devoted himself to playing a very difficult piece of music. I thought he would be appreciated by Mozart. But Mozart said nothing. He wants to examine it further.

Mozart picked up a piece of paper, wrote a topic and handed it to Beethoven. He wants Beethoven to compose a piano piece based on this theme. Beethoven pondered for a while, and then he played this piece. The sound of the piano rushed out like a spring, and the wonderful melody echoed in the air, making Mozart clap his hands and applaud.

Beethoven did not live up to Mozart's expectations. He devoted himself to studying and practicing hard. Once, he went to a restaurant for dinner. As soon as he sat down, he tapped his fingers on the table like playing the piano. Everyone in the shop was surprised. They all gathered around to watch. After a long time, Beethoven realized that people were watching him. But he still didn't understand what was going on. He just said, [Let's settle the bill. How much should I pay? "People around him laughed because he didn't eat at all. He just knocked himself.

After serious and solid study and hard practice, Beethoven gradually grew into an excellent musician and created hundreds of music works. However, since 18 16, Beethoven's health has been getting worse and worse. Later, he suffered from ear disease and soon became completely deaf. As a musician, losing hearing means leaving one's favorite music art, which is even more painful than being sentenced to death. But Beethoven.

Beethoven began to fight against fate again. Besides composing music, he also wants to be the conductor of the band. As a result, he made a mess the first time he previewed it. His performance was much slower than that of the singer on the stage, leaving the band at a loss. When someone wrote him a note "Stop directing", Beethoven turned pale and hurried home. He was in pain and didn't say a word. He was very sad.

In great pain, Beethoven did not become depressed. He overcame the difficulties caused by deafness with great perseverance. He can't hear. He took a stick, put one end in his mouth and the other end in the piano box. In this way, he felt the sound. In this way, he not only created more musical works than in the past, but also took the stage as a conductor. One day in 20824, Beethoven's Ninth Symphony >; He won unanimous applause from the audience. * * * There were five warm applause. However, he didn't hear at all. It was not until a female singer pulled him to the front desk that he saw the audience stand up. Some people waved their hats. Some people applauded warmly. This fanatical scene excited Beethoven.

1827 On March 26th, Beethoven died in Vienna. He wrote nine symphonies in his life, especially. & lt symphony of destiny >. & lt pastoral music >. He is the most famous. In addition, there are 32 piano sonatas and a large number of piano concertos and violin concertos. He made great contributions to the prosperity and development of music all his life.

Da Vinci studied painting.

When Leonardo da Vinci was fourteen years old, he went to Florence to learn from the famous artist Froggio. Frege is a strict teacher. The first lesson he gave Leonardo da Vinci was to draw eggs. At first, Leonardo da Vinci was very interested in painting. But in the second and third lessons ... the teacher still asked him to draw eggs. This made Leonardo da Vinci puzzled. Little egg. Once, Leonardo da Vinci asked his teacher, "Why do I always draw eggs?" ? The teacher told him: "Although eggs are common, there is nothing absolutely the same in the world." Even the same egg, with different angles and different light, is painted differently. So drawing an egg is a basic skill. Basic skills need to be practiced until the brush can skillfully follow the command of the brain. Only when it is handy, can it be considered as kung fu home. "

After listening to the teacher, Da Vinci was very inspired. He holds eggs every day and follows them meticulously. One year, two years, three years ... the toilet paper used by Leonardo da Vinci to draw eggs has been piled high. His artistic level soon surpassed that of the teacher. He finally became a great artist.

While studying painting, Leonardo da Vinci once sketched Lake Anxi Moni with his teacher, and drew a picture for a church called Lake Shimoni, where the teacher suddenly fell ill. There is no choice but to let Da Vinci finish the rest of the painting. When the oil painting was finished, people in the church saw the painting and couldn't help exclaiming, "Great! This painting is really good, especially this part. " The church people pointed to the lower left corner of the painting, which was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.

Two or three things about Hemingway's works

Hemingway stands at 6: 30 every morning and concentrates on writing until noon 12: 30. Usually, he writes for no more than six hours at a time. Occasionally, he will extend it for two hours. He likes to write with a pencil. It is easy to modify. Some people say that he used 20 pencils a day when he was writing. He said he didn't use that much. When he writes best, he only uses seven pencils a day.

Learn from painters and composers. Hemingway reads Shakespeare's plays and masterpieces by other famous writers every year, and studies carefully the works of Austrian composer Mozart, Spanish oil painter Goya and French modernist painter Xie Zanle. He said that he learned as much from the painter as from the writer. He pays special attention to the harmony of musical works and the harmony of melody. No wonder his novels have mixed scenes, appropriate depth and concise and fresh language.

Change to the last minute before publication. Hemingway's writing attitude is extremely serious. He attaches great importance to the revision of his works. When he starts writing every day, he first reads what he wrote the day before and changes where he writes. After writing it all, he revised it from beginning to end, asked someone to draft it, then revised it again, and finally made a proof and revised it again. He believes that these three major revisions are the necessary conditions for writing a good book. The first draft of his novel took six months to write. It took another five months to revise it. It is still being revised after it is proved. The last page was revised 39 times before it was satisfactory. His creation took 17 months. The manuscript is revised every day after it is published. After it was proved, he revised it for 96 hours without leaving home. He advocates [eliminating nonsense] and deleting all flashy words.

"Galileo"

/kloc-At the age of 0/7, Galileo was admitted to the University of Pisa as a medical major. He likes to ask questions and will never stop until he gets to the bottom of it.

Once in class, Professor Biro gave a lecture on embryology. He said: "Whether a mother gives birth to a boy or a girl depends on her father's strength. His father is very strong. His mother gave birth to a boy, but his father was weak. His mother gave birth to a girl. "

As soon as Professor Biro's voice dropped, Galileo raised his hand and said, "Teacher, I have a question."

Professor Biro said unhappily: [You ask too many questions! You are a student. You should listen to the teacher carefully in class. Take more notes. Forget it. Ask questions easily. It will affect students' study! "This is not wishful thinking, and it is not easy to ask questions. My neighbor, male, is very strong, but his wife gave birth to five daughters at one go. This is contrary to what the teacher said. How to explain this? " Galileo was not intimidated by Professor Biro. Keep asking.

[I said it according to Aristotle, a famous ancient Greek scholar. Can't go wrong! "Professor Biro put forward a theoretical basis and tried to convince him."

Galileo went on to say: [Isn't what Aristotle said true? Do you insist that this is right? Science must be consistent with facts. Otherwise, it is not real science. "Professor Biro was stumped and retired.

Later Galileo was criticized by the school. However, his persistence, curiosity and the spirit of pursuing truth have not changed at all. Because of this, he finally became a generation of science masters.

[Celebrity Comment]

Truth has such power. The more you want to attack it, the richer your attack will be and prove it. Galileo

Roosevelt's Last Day

Time: 1945 April 12 am 1 1 am

Venue: Hot Springs, Georgia, USA, a building 3 kilometers away from the Hot Springs Foundation, with 6 rooms. It is called the Little White House. President Roosevelt is resting. Because of the bad weather, the messenger in Washington was grounded. Morning mail won't arrive until noon. Roosevelt had nothing to do. He leaned back in bed and looked at Atlanta.

He told Mike Du Fei, the old black maid, "I don't feel well this morning." He said to put it on the paperback detective novel Pinocchio that he opened to read.

An hour later, he and three ladies were sitting in a leather armchair. Two are his cousins Shackley and Miss Delano. The other is his old friend Mrs. Rutherfurd. Roosevelt wore a dark gray suit, a vest and a red slipknot tie. He doesn't like wearing a vest. He likes bow ties. But in order to paint him, he must wear it. His secretary Hassett brought some special letters. Roosevelt signed one by one. He felt it.

A tall and dignified woman set up an easel at the window. This is Ms. Shaw Matof. She used to paint a watercolor painting for the president. At this moment, she is drawing another picture. Roosevelt intended to send this letter to Mrs Rutherford's daughter.

She dressed President Roosevelt in a navy cloak. Then she began to draw. In the afternoon 1, Roosevelt said, "We still have 15 minutes."

Miss Shackley is knitting a sweater. Miss Delano is arranging flowers. Roosevelt lit a cigarette. Suddenly, he put his left hand on his temple. Then his hand fell heavily.

Did you drop something? "Asked Miss Shackley.

Roosevelt closed his eyes. His voice is so low that only Miss Shackley can hear it. He said, "I have a terrible headache." Then the servant fell down and lost consciousness. It was 15 in the afternoon 1. He said the time was 15.

Soon, Lieutenant Colonel Bruen, a naval doctor who had treated Roosevelt, arrived and ordered Roosevelt to be carried into the bedroom.

His breathing is heavy. His pulse is 104 times per minute. His blood pressure exceeded the highest mark on the meter. Bruen knew it was a cerebral hemorrhage.

At 2: 05 pm, Bruen called MacIntyre, the president's personal doctor, and told him that Roosevelt seemed to have had a stroke and had been in a coma. McIntyre called Dr. Pauline, the former chairman of the American Medical Association, and asked him to go to the hot spring immediately.

Dr Pauline ran to the White House along his familiar route and arrived at 3: 29 pm.

I saw the president [cold sweat, pale face, difficulty breathing]. His pulse is very weak. At 3: 32 pm, his heartbeat completely disappeared. Pauline injected a dose of adrenaline into his heart. The president's heart beat two or three times. Then I stopped dancing. 3: 35 pm Central Standard Time.

At 4: 35 pm, Mrs. Roosevelt was still listening to Tana, a female pianist, at the Shagrave Club.

At 4: 50 pm, someone came to her ear and said there was a phone call for her. It turned out to be early, the president's press secretary. He said excitedly, "Please go home at once."

Mrs Roosevelt didn't ask why. She knew [that something terrible must have happened]. But she felt that she had to observe social etiquette. So she went back to the table. After Tanner played, Mrs. Roosevelt applauded. Then she announced that she had to leave because of something important at home. She went back to the White House by bus. She kept her fist clenched.

She went into the bedroom. Dr Early and Dr MacIntyre told her that the president had passed away in a coma. Without thinking, she immediately asked Vice President Truman to come to the White House and arranged to fly to Hot Springs that night.

Truman arrived at the White House at about 5: 25. He was immediately taken to Mrs. Roosevelt's study on the second floor. He later wrote that he didn't realize [something unusual happened] until he met the president's daughters, Mrs Anna Boettiger and Early.

Mrs. Roosevelt came over calmly and majestically. She put her arm on his shoulder and whispered, "Harry, the president is dead."

Truman was speechless for a moment. After a while, he asked, [What can I do for you? "Mrs. Roosevelt asked," what can we do for you? Because you're the one in trouble. She told Truman that she felt sorry for him and the American people.

Then Mrs. Roosevelt sent a telegram to her son: Father is at peace. He hopes that you will continue to work hard and abide by your duties.

Truman walked into the oval office at the west end of the White House. He called his wife and daughter to the White House. He also called Chief Justice Si Tong and asked him to be sworn in for him immediately.

A few minutes after 6 o'clock, Truman presided over the cabinet meeting. He told everyone that he had to inform them that the president had passed away. He felt very sad. He said, "Mrs Roosevelt told me". He also said, "He died like a soldier. I must try my best to do what I think he wants me and everyone to follow. I hope you will all stay in the cabinet and continue to hold your current positions. I need your help. I believe this will definitely meet the wishes of the president. "

The American people were shocked when they heard the news that afternoon. They can't believe it at once. The playwright Sherwood is an adviser to the President. When he heard the news of Roosevelt's death, he stayed by the radio all day [waiting for President Roosevelt to announce it easily in person]. All this is a big misunderstanding. The banking crisis and war are over. Everything is fine. This is the best. Mrs Roosevelt took her husband's coffin to Washington by train. It was "a long and heartbreaking day". She lay in the sleeping car all night, looking out the window at the countryside. Look at the faces of people who have stood at the railway station or even at the crossroads all night. They came to pay their last respects. "

As Judge rosenman and his wife walked through the lobby of the White House, his wife whispered, "The end of an era in our lives." He remembered Roosevelt's speech on Jefferson Memorial Day the day before, especially the last sentence, which was written by Roosevelt himself: "Let's move forward with strong and positive confidence."

It will be four o'clock in a few minutes. The Truman couple and their daughter entered the East Room of the White House to attend the funeral. The coffin was placed in front of the French window. There are flowers on both sides. When Truman went in, none of the more than 200 people who attended the funeral stood up. Sherwood was there. He believes that [the humble Truman] didn't notice such rude behavior at all. Even if he did, he knew that the people present at that time could not associate him with his new position. Roosevelt's body was buried in Hyde Park. According to Roosevelt's wishes, the United States established the Roosevelt Library to keep Roosevelt's public and private documents for future generations to study. The famous American journalist Johnson wrote in Roosevelt's biography: [He overthrew more precedents than anyone else. He destroyed more ancient buildings than anyone else. He changed the whole face of America more quickly and violently than anyone else. However, he deeply believes that American architecture is quite beautiful as a whole.

Lincoln moved stones.

1862 In September, American President Lincoln announced that this was a great pioneering work in American history. A reporter went to interview Lincoln. The reporter said: [As far as I know, the last two presidents have thought about abolishing slavery. It was drafted long before them, but they didn't sign it. Do they want to leave this great cause to you to achieve your reputation? "Lincoln replied," maybe. But if they know that it only takes a little courage to pick up a pen, I think they must be very depressed. " Lincoln left in a hurry The reporter never understood the meaning of this statement.

It was not until 19 14 fifty years after Lincoln's death that the reporter found the answer in a letter left by Lincoln. In this letter, Lincoln tells a story about his childhood: [My father once bought a farm in Seattle at a lower price. There are many stones on the ground. My mother suggested that the stone be removed. But my father said, "If these stones can be removed, it will be primitive. One day, my father went to town to buy horses. My mother took us to work on the farm. She said, "Let's move these stones out of the way, shall we?" So we started digging stones. In a short time, we moved all the stones, because they were not hills as my father imagined, but isolated stones. Just dig a foot down and you can shake them down. "

Lincoln said at the end of the letter: "There are some things that people don't do, but they think it is impossible. Many impossible things only exist in people's imagination."

The father of movies

No one expected that1February 28, 895, what happened in the big cafe at Capesin Road 14 in Paris, France, would go down in history forever.

On that day, Louis Lumiere, a young industrialist in Lyon, and his brother Auguste Lumière invited a large group of guests. In the basement of that cafe, several short films shot by documentary methods were shown in succession.

The first film shown was that people were surprised to find that under a strong light, groups of female workers in flowered skirts walked into the factory in the dark, talking and laughing. Then the men casually walked into the factory gate wearing open jackets and pushing bicycles. Finally, the factory owner entered the gate in a beautiful carriage. In an instant, the factory gate gradually closed.

Just as the audience was still intoxicated with the truth at that time. However, shortly after the film was shown, there was a "riot" in the stadium. When the moving locomotive appeared on the screen and the gas came face to face, the audience was frightened. Some people cover their eyes with their hands. Some people are very scared. They hide under their seats. Some people even go to the police-until the misunderstanding is cleared up. Many people were amused by their foolish behavior just now. But the Lumiere brothers made a fuss.

Since then, the film has traveled all over the world with its unique charm and developed rapidly. It became a shining [pearl] in the art world, so.1895 65438+February 28th became the [birthday] of the film. The Lumiere brothers are also called [the father of movies].

A report on Marx

The leader of this party (* * * Producer Party) is Karl Marx, and his assistants are friedrich engels living in Manchester, Fregrat and Wolff (so-called [Rupps]) living in London, Heine living in Paris, Daniels living in Cologne and Wilt living in Hamburg. Everyone else is an ordinary member of this party. Marx is indeed the soul of this party. I think it is necessary to describe this person.

Marx is of medium height. He is 34 years old, but he has begun to have white hair. He has a strong physique and a face like the Hungarian revolutionary Semele. However, his skin color is darker, and his hair and beard are darker. At first glance, he gives the impression that he is a talented and energetic person, and his intellectual advantage gives him indisputable authority over the people around him.

In his private life, this man is extremely disorganized. He is not afraid of jokes, he can dress up, comb his hair and change clothes-all these are rare things for him. He likes drinking. However, if he has a lot of work, he will work day and night. When he sleeps and wakes up, he will make his own decisions. He always does this all night. He lay on the sofa with his clothes around noon and slept until evening.

His wife is the sister of Prussian minister von WestWarren. Because of her love for her husband, this well-educated and amiable woman has become accustomed to the poor life and adapted to the lifestyle of celebrities. She has two daughters and a son. The children are all beautiful. All three of them have their father's clever eyes.

As a husband and father, Marx is a warm and kind person. Marx lives in the poorest part of London, so it is also the cheapest area for rent. He rented two rooms: one facing the street is the reception room and the other is the back room. This is the bedroom. All the furniture in the room is decent and shabby: it's either broken or broken, or rickety or incomplete. Everything is covered with a thick layer of dust. Everything is in a mess. There is an old-fashioned table in the reception room. It is covered with waterproof tarpaulin. The desk is full of manuscripts, newspapers, books, children's toys, rags and works by Mrs Marx. In addition, there are several chipped cups, a candlestick, several goblets, an ink bottle, some Dutch pipes and an ashtray-all these things.

As soon as the visitor enters Marx's house, he will immediately fall into the fog of soot and tobacco smoke, so that at first he has to grope like a cave until his eyes get used to the darkness and can distinguish the objects in the smoke. Everything is dirty and dusty from top to bottom. Therefore, it is naturally dangerous to sit on anything casually: this chair has three legs. Occasionally, the one that was intact, the children built their house on it, cooked and played, and was handed over to the bearer. However, this situation rarely embarrassed Marx and his wife. You will receive a warm reception. You will get a pipe, tobacco and cold drinks.

Smart, knowledgeable and pleasant conversation will make up for the lack of furniture and uncomfortable feeling. As long as you get used to this family, you will find this family environment very interesting and novel. This is a true picture of the family life of Marx, the leader of the * * * Party.

I can't find it anymore.