The founder of Yang Xue is Zhu Zi Ju.

Yang Zhu's native place and age of life can't be verified. According to some scholars' speculation, Andy and Zhuangzi lived at the same time (about 369 BC to 286 BC), but slightly earlier than Mencius (about 37 BC1year to 289 BC).

Andy's works have not been handed down, but there are some records in Mencius, Zhuangzi, Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, Liezi, Huainanzi and Liu Xiang's Shuoyuan in the Han Dynasty. Even so, Andy was still a famous thinker in the Warring States Period, and his thoughts influenced him for more than two thousand years.

Mencius criticized that "Andy took it for me and pulled out a dime to benefit the world." (Mencius) Because Mencius had such an object of criticism, we can definitely conclude that Yang Zhu really came to this world before Mencius. It is also conceivable that Andy's theory was quite influential before Mencius. During Mencius' activities, Mozi's theory and Yangzi's theory were almost three pillars of Confucianism. This was mentioned in parallel with the public opinion of "Confucius and Mohists" and "Yang Mo" at that time, and Mencius often denounced Andy. At that time, Yang's and Mo's theories were likely to fill the alleys, so that the world ignored Confucius' theories. In order to show Confucianism, it is necessary for Mencius to attack Yang and Mo. (See Ye Long's Economic Stories of Past Generations, Yang Zi).

Liang Qichao once exclaimed in the early years of the Republic of China: "Today, China is all teenagers. ..... Alas, Yang Xuesui died in China and Yang Xuesui died in China! " (Liang Qichao's On Mozi) That's because he holds the same view as many people and regards Yang Xue as a theory that makes people selfish and extremely self-interested. Put this hat on Yang Xue and put Mencius as the head. In fact, Mencius' statement is not very responsible.

During the Warring States Period, China people reached an important period of farming, business, martial arts and cultural differentiation. Writers can help the monarch revitalize the country. Although white clothes can be promoted, many people regard academics as a stepping stone for hunting officials, a typical Su Qin who won by eloquence. Fighter, die generously for you, treat others as your own, and treat death as your own. Commerce and agriculture are in their proper places.

There is a difference between martial arts and professional writing, and there is also a difference between Confucianism and chivalry. During the Warring States period, it seems that everyone wants to win by words, and their arguments are mostly manifested in any self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and calming the world, which shows that people's thinking about private life, family relations, national structure and national society has reached a quite mature stage.

Judging from the philosophers of the Warring States period, their images are roughly divided. Confucianism seems to be like a politician destined to run for the country, trying to sell his ideals. Taoism, on the other hand, is like a wild crane in the clouds, a leisurely family. Mohism works hard, similar to a group of clever and hard-working writers. They are generous and chivalrous. Yang's theory, on the other hand, pays attention to personal cultivation and has the style of a gentleman. Legalists, like Saburo, are desperate, adventurous and dare to take the lead. The Yin and Yang family pays attention to the five elements of good fortune, like a wizard. Famous artists such as magicians are often trapped by their own magic. The strategist won by force. Farmers demand all equality. Sages learn from others. Strategists lobby for encouragement everywhere, just like missionaries.

Andy's theory can be discussed from the records of Liezi and other books.

"Biography, Gigi Lai Ming Sixth" contains:

Yang Zhu's friend is called Liang Ji. Liang Ji's condition deteriorated in seven days. His son cried for a doctor, ie begged his father to allow him to see a doctor. Liang Ji said to Yang Zhu, "My son is so corrupt, why don't you sing for me to make him understand?" Yang Zhuge said: "Heaven needs a lot of knowledge (even God doesn't know about this disease), but people can feel it (how can people understand it)? Robbers are blessed by God (not God), and people are evil (not people are evil). I care about you! Cheever Zhihu (neither you nor I know)! The doctor is a witch! What do you know? " His son Fu Xiao finally paid tribute to the three doctors. One is burnt, the other is redundant, and the third is terrestrial, to diagnose his illness.

Shi Jiao called Liang Ji and said, "If you are hot and cold (cold and heat are not well regulated), your deficiency and excess will be out of control (beyond the limit), and your illness will change from hunger (imbalance) to lewdness (excessive). Worries and distractions (mental separation, excessive thinking), regardless of heaven and ghosts, although gradually, can attack. " Liang Ji said, "Many (ordinary) doctors are also eager to screen!"

Yu Shi said: "When a woman was a child, her fetal qi was insufficient (congenital fetal qi deficiency), and her milk weighed more than [a little water on the left, swollen voice, more milk] (eating more milk). The disease does not happen overnight, its origin is gradually accumulated (slowly accumulated), and it is already (I can't cure it). " Liang Ji said: "A good doctor is also good. Eat it (keep it)!"

Lu said, "Your illness is not caused by heaven, man or ghost. Born tangible (people are born with life), that is, there are controllers and knowers (controlled and clear). What is the medical stone (what effect does medical stone acupuncture have on your condition)? " Liang Ji said, "Doctor, please send him carefully." Suddenly, Ji Liang's illness began to heal.

"Liezi Fu Shuo VIII" cloud:

Yang Zhu said: "People who benefit from others will get practical benefits, while those who complain about the past will suffer (if they vent their grievances on others, they will suffer). What is sent here should be invited to the outside (the interests and resentment from the heart will be immediately reflected in the outside world) are all done by sages. "

Andy's neighbor lost his sheep, so he led his party and asked Andy's vertical (young servant) to chase him. Andy said, "Hey! Why are you chasing a dead sheep? " The neighbor said, "There are many different roads." Instead, he asked, "Did you get the sheep?" Yue: "I'm dead." Yue: "Wu Hu?" He said: "There are differences in the Tao, and I don't know what it is, so the opposite is true." Andy's face suddenly changed. People who don't talk move (don't talk for a long time), and people who don't laugh die.

The master blamed it and said, "The sheep is a base animal, not its master's. What's the harm in joking?" Andy didn't answer. Master has no life (I don't know Mr. Wang's mind)

Disciple Meng Sunyang went out to speak his mind.

One day, he walked up to Yang and asked, "Once upon a time, there were three brothers named Kundi. They walked between Qilu and studied under the same teacher and returned to the right path. His father said,' Where is the way of benevolence and righteousness?' Uncle (the eldest son) said,' benevolence and righteousness have made me not famous and cherish my body.' Zhong You:' benevolence and righteousness made me die and become famous.' My uncle said,' benevolence and righteousness make my name complete.' The three techniques are opposite, but they all come from Confucianism. Who is right and who is wrong? Andy said, "People who live by the river are used to water, and they are brave enough to swim in boats, benefiting hundreds of people. If they package (carry) food, they will become apprentices, and half of them will drown. I don't learn to drown, but I have such a stake. If you think it's right or wrong. "My heart is full of hey.

Meng Sunyang let him (strange heart) say, "Why did my son (strange heart) ask you a circuitous question (circuitous is not direct), and the master answered strangely (strange)? The more confused I am. " My heart said, "The road is too forked to be a sheep, so many people kill it (learning method). There is no (fundamental) difference in learning, and there is no (fundamental) difference in learning, but if it is different in the end (the result is very different), it will only be the same, do the opposite, and eventually die (only by returning to the same road and the same fundamental point of view will we not lose our lives). Zi Chang (long-term in the door) (below), the way of the gentleman (academic concept), but he can't reach (understand) the realm of the gentleman (figuratively used), alas (pitiful)! "

Records show that our students are Yang He.

Yang Zhu taught students to inspire students anytime and anywhere, just like other philosophers at that time, and to further stimulate students' questions by "no answer". Answering complex questions, quoting simple common sense of life and explaining the reasons with metaphors are more vivid and enlightening.

At that time, students were also suspicious and pursued teachers, and so was Confucianism.

This article also expresses Yang Xue's doubts about Confucianism. The so-called "three opposing techniques, but all from Confucianism" actually reflected people's different understanding of Confucian concepts at that time.

This article also reflects some economic lifestyles of people at that time: neighbors living as shepherds. A person who burns down the bridge for the benefit of a hundred people. People who bring their own rations and learn to sail for a living.

Look at Andy's thoughts. The meaning of "crossing the road to die" is quite profound. For the "sheep" accustomed to the simple lifestyle, the complexity of the road will make it lose its way, and the environment of multiple choices will make it feel at a loss and eventually lose itself. For the "sheep seeker", multiple roads will confuse him, and he will also wander at the fork in the road, unable to choose the direction to move on.