Princess Pingyang, there were many Pingyang princesses in history, two of them are famous. One is Princess Pingyang, the daughter of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, the sister of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the wife of Wei Qing. She recommended Wei Zifu and the Wei Qing siblings to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
The other is Princess Pingyang, the daughter of Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, who married Chai Shao. She made great military exploits for the Tang Dynasty for Li Yuan.
At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the people were in dire straits and the world was in chaos. In May of the 13th year of the Sui Dynasty (AD 617), Li Yuan decided to raise an army. At that time, Li Yuan's chance of winning was not great. His territory is on the remote border of Shanxi, far away from the capital Chang'an and the eastern capital Luoyang. The number of troops under his command was insufficient, no more than 10,000 men, and he had to face Turkic attacks every day. The most terrible thing was that all his family members were in Chang'an, and only his second son Li Shimin was with him. When he led his troops to leave his defense line, he claimed that he was going to Jiangdu to pick up Emperor Yang of Sui who was trapped there. However, his marching direction was directed towards the capital Chang'an. Of course, this kind of "covering one's ears and stealing the bell" could not be concealed from the Sui Dynasty officials in Chang'an. Chang'an immediately ordered the arrest of Li Yuan's family. The arrest list included Li Yuan's third daughter, Princess Pingyang, and her husband, Chai Shao.
The situation was critical. Princess Pingyang and her husband quickly discussed and decided to split up. Chai Shao went straight to Taiyuan, while Princess Pingyang made various arrangements in the rear. She soon returned to the Li family's manor in Hu County (today's Hu County, Shaanxi Province). She disguised herself as a man and called herself Mr. Li. She sold local properties to provide relief to the victims, and soon recruited a team of several hundred people. Soon the news of Li Yuan's revolt came. Princess Pingyang heard the news and was determined to recruit more troops for her father.
She contacted the rebels against the Sui Dynasty everywhere. This young woman, with her superhuman courage and talent, recruited four or five rebel armies that already had a considerable scale in the world in more than three months. The largest of them was Hu Shang He Panren, who had tens of thousands of people at that time. Princess Pingyang sent her son Ma Sanbao to persuade He Panren to surrender. I don't know what tricks Ma Sanbao used, but He Panren, who was far more powerful than Princess Pingyang, was willing to be Princess Pingyang's subordinate. After Princess Pingyang recruited He Panren, she successively recruited Li Zhongwen, Xiang Shanzhi, Qiu Shili and other rebels, greatly increasing her power. During this period, the imperial court continued to send troops to attack Princess Pingyang. The rebel army led by Princess Pingyang not only defeated every attack, but also conquered Huxian, Zhouzhi, Wugong, and Shiping in succession.
The rebels recruited by Princess Pingyang are all bandits who kill without blinking an eye. If they don't have some real skills, even men can't suppress them, not to mention that their sources of troops come from systems that are not originally affiliated with each other. Being able to turn the ragtag group into a victorious force in a short period of time and achieve such a great result shows that Princess Pingyang's organizational and command abilities are truly outstanding.
This rebel army, led by a woman, has very strict military discipline. Princess Pingyang must carry out her orders, and the entire army respects her. In those years of rebellion, this army gained widespread support. The common people called Princess Pingyang "Ms. Li" and her army the "Women's Army". The Detachment of Women's Army was famous far and wide, and many people came from thousands of miles away to defect to it. Soon, Princess Pingyang's army of women exceeded 70,000. Princess Pingyang's military intuition and insight were truly genius. Sui general Qu Tutong once suffered several major defeats at her hands.
In September 617 AD, Li Yuan's main force crossed the Yellow River and entered Guanzhong. At this time, he was very happy to see that his third daughter had already secured a large territory for him in Guanzhong. He sent Chai Shao to meet Princess Pingyang. Next, Princess Pingyang selected more than 10,000 elite soldiers to join Li Shimin on the north bank of the Weihe River to attack Chang'an together. Chai Shao belongs to Li Shimin's subordinates and is on the same level as Princess Pingyang. The husband and wife each led an army and each had their own shogunate. In November, they attacked one area and quickly captured Chang'an.
The significance of Princess Pingyang's actions in Guanzhong for the establishment of the Li and Tang Dynasties cannot be overestimated. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan named his beloved daughter with outstanding talents "Princess Pingyang".
After conquering Chang'an, Princess Pingyang made great contributions to the Tang Dynasty. Because although Li Yuan captured Chang'an at that time, he only roughly controlled half of Guanzhong, and he was surrounded by enemies. After stabilizing Chang'an, Li Yuan immediately turned around to deal with Xue Ju who occupied Longxi and Li Gui of Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu). Li Yuan ordered Li Shimin to conquer. Li Shimin spent about two years sweeping away these forces. The battle that established Li Tang's world was the destruction of Wang Shichong. In this battle, the Tang army surrounded the city for reinforcements and killed Dou Jiande who came to rescue Wang Shichong. Chai Shao participated in these battles. If Princess Pingyang is enjoying happiness in Chang'an at this time, it is not in line with her character. As an outstanding general, she will of course participate in these decisive battles that determine the fate of the Tang Dynasty. Some people say that when Li Shimin moved to the northwest to clean up the remaining forces of the Sui Dynasty, he mainly relied on the participation of Princess Pingyang and the Detachment of Women to defeat powerful enemies. After Dou Jiande was overthrown, the remaining tribes elected Liu Heitai as their leader. In July of the fourth year of Wude (AD 621), they launched an army against the Tang Dynasty in Zhangnan (now the ancient city of Hebei Province). They allied with the Turks in the north and restored Dou Jiande's old territory in less than half a year. Princess Pingyang's main task at this time was to defend Shanxi, the base camp of the Li family. The place where she was stationed was Niangziguan.
Niangzi Pass is located on Mianshan Mountain in the northeast of Pingding County, Shanxi Province. It is the throat of entering and leaving Shanxi. It was originally called Weize Pass. It was renamed because Princess Pingyang led tens of thousands of "women's troops" to garrison here. Shanxi is the barrier between the Central Plains and Guanzhong. Without Shanxi, the Central Plains and Guanzhong would be unstable. Princess Pingyang led the army to garrison Niangziguan in order to prevent the enemy from entering Shanxi from here.
After the Battle of Chang'an, Princess Pingyang's deeds disappeared from historical records. It was not until early February in the sixth year of Taketoku (AD 623) six years later that news of her death was suddenly recorded in history books. The reason why this amount was recorded was mainly because her funeral was unique. Princess Pingyang was buried with military honors. His posthumous title is Zhao.
This Princess Pingyang was the only woman in Chinese feudal history who had her funeral held by the army.
Princess Wencheng
Princess Wencheng: (625-680), named Li Xueyan, the daughter of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty. Han nationality. She is smart and beautiful. She has been influenced by her family since she was a child. She has learned culture, knows books and rituals, and believes in Buddhism.
Songtsen Gampo is a hero in Tibetan history who rose up in the Yalong Valley area in the middle reaches of the Zanghe River (today’s Brahmaputra River). He unified the Tibetan areas, became the Tibetan Zanpu (meaning "king"), and established the Tubo Dynasty. In the 14th year of Tang Zhenguan's reign (640), he sent his prime minister Lu Dongzan to Chang'an, donated 5,000 taels of gold and hundreds of treasures, and proposed marriage to the Tang Dynasty. Taizong promised to marry his eldest daughter, Princess Wencheng.
In the 7th century, King Songtsen Gampo of Tibet shocked the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the Tang Dynasty had the most advanced economy and culture in the world. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty believed that "a marriage is equivalent to 100,000 soldiers." Princess Wencheng, who was well-educated and sensible, was simple and generous, and took the initiative to be recruited as the wife of the 25-year-old Songtsen Gampo. The 16-year-old Princess Wencheng quickly adjusted to the plateau climate in Tibet; at the same time, she launched a smart challenge to Songtsen Gampo. Five tests of Songtsan Gambo's courtship envoy Ludongzan: using a silk ribbon to pass through a piece of turquoise (nine-curved pearl) with a small winding hole; pointing out the root and tip of a wooden stick with the same thickness at both ends The 100 foals that were cleared together were sorted out which of the 100 mares they were born from; they were summoned to the maze-like palace to watch a play at night, and after the play, they suddenly arranged for the envoy to return to his residence alone; finally, Princess Wencheng stood among 300 girls and let the envoy who had never met Princess Wencheng choose. ——This is a classic moment of great exchange between Tibetan culture and Chinese culture.
As the culture of high-altitude areas - the roof of the world - Tibetan culture has all the characteristics of high-altitude areas. Tibetan people are beautiful in their simplicity, magnanimity and broadness, and have absorbed other cultures to create their own 34 Tibetan characters. Shigatse means "the best manor" in Tibetan; "Lhasa" means "holy land" or "Buddha land" in Tibetan; Norbulingka means "treasure garden"; the birthplace of Tibet - the Holy Mountain and Holy Lake, At the same time, it is recognized as the center of the world by Hinduism, Tibetan Buddhism, Tibetan native religion Bon, and ancient Jainism. Mount Kailash on the Holy Lake is a world-recognized sacred mountain, which seems to be crowned with a silver "pyramid".
In the fifteenth year (641), Princess Wencheng left Chang'an for Tubo, accompanied by Li Daozong, the younger brother of King Taizong of Jiangxia, the envoy from Tang Dynasty, and Lu Dongzan, the envoy from Tubo. Songtsen Gampo personally welcomed him in Baihai (now Maduo, Qinghai), paid an audience with Daozong, and performed the ceremony of son-in-law. After that, he returned to Luoche (today's Lhasa) with Princess Wencheng. Princess Wencheng has lived in Tubo for nearly 40 years and has always been highly respected.
According to books such as "The Hereditary Mingjian of the Tubo Dynasty", when Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, the team was very large, and Emperor Taizong's dowry was very generous. There are "Sakyamuni Buddha statues, treasures, gold and jade bookcases, 360 volumes of classics, and various gold and jade ornaments." He also gave a variety of cooking foods, brocade quilts with various patterns, 300 kinds of divination classics, clear guides for identifying good and evil, 60 kinds of construction and engineering works, 100 kinds of prescriptions for treating diseases, 4 kinds of medical treatises, and 5 kinds of diagnostic methods. , 6 types of medical devices. Also carries a variety of grains and turnip seeds, etc.
In the first year of Yonghui (650), after the death of Songtsen Gampo, Princess Wencheng has been living in Tibet. She loves Tibetan compatriots and is deeply loved by the people. She designed and assisted in the construction of Jokhang Temple and Ramoche Temple. Under her influence, Han crafts such as milling, weaving, pottery, papermaking, and winemaking were gradually introduced to Tubo; she brought poems, agricultural books, Buddhist scriptures, history books, medical texts, calendars and other classics, which promoted the Tubo economy. , the development of culture has strengthened the friendly relations between the Han and Tibetan people. The gold statue of Sakyamuni Buddha she brought is still worshiped by the Tibetan people.
In the first year of Yonglong (680), Princess Wencheng passed away. The Tubo Dynasty held a grand funeral for her, and the Tang Dynasty sent envoys to Tubo to pay tribute. There are still statues built by Tibetans in memory of her in Lhasa, which have a history of more than 1,300 years.
There is also a Princess Wencheng Temple in Yushu County, Qinghai Province. The seated statue of Princess Wencheng in the center of the temple is 8 meters tall, sitting on a lion lotus seat, with vivid images and fine carvings. There is constant incense here all year round, butter lamps are lit day and night, and Tibetan and Han people come to worship in an endless stream. It is said that Princess Wencheng stayed here for a long time on her way to Lhasa and was grandly welcomed by the local Tibetan leaders and people. She was deeply moved and decided to stay longer and teach the local people farming and weaving techniques. Now Princess Wencheng Temple has been listed as a national cultural relic protection unit.
In Chinese history, there are many examples of princesses or clan girls marrying off the kings of Tibetan states to make marriages. During the period of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Princess Wencheng married far away from Tibet, which is a good example of marriage arrangements. Under her influence, the friendship between Han and Tibetan people has developed greatly, so it is not an exaggeration to call Princess Wencheng the most successful female diplomat.
Tubo is now Tibet, and had no contact with China before the Tang Dynasty. It is said that the Tubo people are the descendants of Tufa Lilugu, a native of Xianbei who was king of Nanliang in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty. Due to the loss of their country, they migrated to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In order to commemorate their ancestors, they took "Tufa" as their national name, which was later changed to "Tufa" because of the similar pronunciation. "Tibet". The Tubo people live a nomadic life, raising yaks, horses, pigs and dromedary camels, and some also plant highland barley and buckwheat. In the seventh century AD, Nongzan succeeded to the throne and became Tubo Zampu (King of Tubo). People also called him Songtsen Gampo. He was a brave and powerful leader who led his army to unify many tribes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. He established a powerful kingdom centered on the city of Luosu, which is today's Lhasa.
In the twelfth year of Emperor Taizong’s reign, Songtsan Gampo led the Tibetan army to attack Songzhou, a border town of Tang Dynasty, which is today’s Songpan County, Sichuan. During the Tang Dynasty under the rule of Emperor Taizong, the country was rich and powerful. So he sent Hou Junji to lead a large army to attack. They defeated Tubo at the foot of Songzhou City. Songtsen Gampo had no choice but to surrender and admire the power of the Tang Dynasty. While writing a letter of apology, he also specially proposed to the Tang court.
After some consideration, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty decided to agree to his request. Princess Wencheng was dignified and plump. She had read poetry and books since she was a child. Although she had doubts about the distant Tubo, she was full of novelty. yearning, so he agreed. After more than two months of preparation, in the midwinter of the 15th year of Zhenguan, a very impressive team escorted Princess Wencheng to Tubo for marriage, led by Li Daozong, the Minister of Rites and Prince of Jiangxia.
The reason why we set out in the middle of winter is because it takes more than a month to travel from Chang'an to Tibet via Longnan and Qinghai, and we have to pass through several fast-flowing rivers along the way. In the middle of winter, the river level is gentle, which makes it easier to see off relatives. The team passes. In addition to carrying a rich dowry, this team also carried a large number of books, musical instruments, silk and grain seeds. In addition to the maids of Princess Wencheng, there were also a group of scribes, musicians and agricultural technicians, almost all of whom were members of the team. It's like a "cultural delegation" and an "agricultural technical team". What are these people going to do? Because Tushan had already defeated Tuyuhun and suddenly became a powerful power in the southwest; Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty had foresight and felt that only by strengthening the ties with Tubo could the stability of the southwest border of the Tang Dynasty be ensured, so he did everything possible to deal with them economically and culturally. Helped Tubo to appreciate and follow Datang in a subtle way. Princess Wencheng actually married far away with the political mission of harmonious diplomatic relations, and this team of bride-seekers also went to help her complete this mission.
After more than a month of arduous trekking in the wind and snow, when the spring was warm and the flowers were blooming, Princess Wencheng and his party arrived at the source of the Yellow River. Here, there are lush water and grass, and flocks of cattle and sheep. It was a change from the wind and sand and confusion along the way. The desolate scene is refreshing. Princess Wencheng, who was worried about the harsh terrain along the way, was relieved at this time, so the escorting team took a short rest here for a few days.
At this time, Songtsan Gampo personally led a large group of welcoming people and horses to Heyuan. When Songtsan Gampo and his entourage saw Li Daozong, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty, Prince of Jiangxia County, they paid homage and performed a wedding ceremony. , he has identified Tang Dynasty as the superior state of Tubo. Li Daozong invited Princess Wencheng to meet Songtsen Gampo. The Tibetan king who was traveling on the plateau fell in love with her when he saw the golden branches and jade leaves of China. He saw Princess Wencheng dressed in gorgeous clothes, dignified and elegant. , completely different from the primitive and simple Tubo women. And the Songtsen Gampo that Princess Wencheng saw, although he was made dark and rough by the scorching sun and strong winds of the plateau, but with his tall and strong figure and the bold spirit revealed between his eyebrows, he looked very heroic; in Princess Wencheng's heart I am secretly glad that I have married a great husband.
The procession of seeing off and welcoming the bride entered Luoche City majesticly. Under the auspices of Li Daozong, Songtsan Gampo and Princess Wencheng held a grand wedding in accordance with Han etiquette. , people all over the city sang and danced to celebrate their Zamp and his wife. Songtsen Gampo was overjoyed and said to his subordinates: "My family and my father have never had any precedent of marrying into the country. Today I got the princess of the Tang Dynasty as my wife. I am really lucky. I will build a gorgeous palace for the princess. To leave a legacy to future generations."
Soon, a beautiful palace, the Potala Palace, was built with magnificent buildings. The pavilions are exquisite and elegant, with rippling blue ponds and beautiful flowers and trees planted. All structures are modeled after the Tang Dynasty palace garden, and were used to accommodate Princess Wencheng and comfort her homesickness. In order to have more of the same language with Princess Wencheng, Songtsan Gambo took off the furs he was accustomed to wearing and put on the silk Tang suit that Princess Wencheng had sewn for him. He also worked hard to learn Chinese from Princess Wencheng. , an interracial couple, with a harmonious relationship, love and respect for each other, started their new life.
According to traditional customs, Tubo people apply ocher-colored clay on their cheeks every day, saying it can ward off evil spirits. Although it looks very ugly and uncomfortable, no one raised any objections because it is a traditional custom. , most Tubo people just follow the rules.
After Princess Wencheng arrived in Tubo, she carefully understood and pondered this habit. She believed that it was unreasonable, harmful to hygiene, and really a vulgar and bad habit. Therefore, she tactfully expressed her opinion to Songtsen Gampo. After hearing this, Songtsen Gampo felt that her words made sense, and immediately ordered the abolition of this custom. At first, some nostalgic Tubo people were not used to it, but gradually they found that maintaining their original appearance was both convenient and good-looking, and everyone also They were all happy to accept it, and they were even very grateful to Princess Wencheng for breaking the rules for them.
After life settled down, the Han musicians brought by Princess Wencheng began to perform their duties. They worked very hard to play the most popular music in the Tang Palace for Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng. The music was soothing and beautiful, making them happy. Songtsen Gampo felt as if he was hearing the music of immortals. He praised the musicians and music, and selected a group of talented boys and girls to study with Han musicians, so that Han music gradually spread throughout the Tubo territory. Flowed into the hearts of the Tubo people.
The accompanying scribes also began to work. They helped organize relevant documents about Tibet and recorded Songtsan's important conversations with ministers, which helped Tibet's politics move away from primitiveness and become more formalized. Songtsen Gampo was overjoyed, and ordered his ministers and aristocratic disciples to sincerely worship the scribes as their teachers, learn Han culture, and study the poems and books they brought; then he also sent batch after batch of aristocratic disciples to travel thousands of miles. Trekking to Chang'an, he entered the country of the Tang Dynasty, studied poetry and books, and introduced Han culture back to Tubo.
The agricultural technicians do not preach anything. They just sow the grain seeds brought from the Central Plains on the fertile soil of the plateau, and then carefully irrigate, fertilize, and weed. When the harvest season comes, then The huge crops and astonishingly high yields made the Tibetan people wide-eyed. Although the Tibetan people also planted some crops such as highland barley and buckwheat at that time, due to poor management, they often just planted them and ignored them, so the yield was extremely low. They had to admire the superb planting techniques of Han agricultural technicians. Under the instructions of Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng, agricultural technicians began to teach the Tibetan people agricultural techniques in a planned way, so that they could harvest a large amount of food while nomadic. Especially after the technology of growing mulberry and raising silkworms was passed on to them, Tubo gradually produced homemade silk fabrics with soft luster and rich colors, which greatly beautified the lives of the Tubo people and made them overjoyed. They were all very grateful to Princess Wencheng. The benefits brought to them after entering Tubo.
Princess Wencheng treated Songtsen Gampo with kindness and kindness, which made the Tubo king who grew up in a barbaric land deeply appreciate the cultivation and tenderness of Han women. He not only cherished Princess Wencheng, And I tried my best to adopt some of her suggestions. Princess Wencheng relied on her own knowledge and insights to carefully observe the people's sentiments in Tubo, and then put forward various reasonable suggestions to assist her husband in governing this country with a vast territory and strong and simple folk customs. Princess Wencheng was not the kind of woman who was extremely powerful. She participated in the governance of the country, but never asked Songtsen Gampo to give her any official position. Regarding the major political decisions of the Tubo Kingdom, she only put forward her own opinions and did not force it. Therefore, Songtsan Gampo and the ministers were very fond of her and often asked her for advice on the political system of the Tang Palace as a reference for their administration. The majority of the Tibetan people regarded her as a god.
In the 22nd year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty sent Wang Xuance as envoy to Tibet. On the one hand, he wanted to reconcile the relationship between the two countries, and on the other hand, he also visited Princess Wencheng who was married far away. Wang Xuance led an envoy team on the road with a large number of silk cultural relics. When passing through the Kingdom of Tianzhu, they were unfortunately robbed by the Tianzhu people. Except for Wang Xuance who escaped with a small number of people, most of the people, horses and items were robbed. Wang Xuance arrived in Tubo in embarrassment, met with Songtsen Gampo and explained the situation of the robbery. Songtsen Gampo believed that Tianzhu was deliberately provoking and damaging his relationship with the Tang Dynasty, so he sent a large army to attack Tianzhu and destroyed their capital. They captured the prince of Tianzhu, seized a large number of livestock, and rescued the entourage of the Tang Dynasty envoy, which was a relief for the Tang Dynasty envoy.
In the 23rd year of Zhenguan, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, passed away, and the crown prince succeeded him as Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. The new Emperor of the Tang Dynasty granted Songtsan Gampo the title of Commander-in-Chief Prince Consort and the title of Prince of Xihai County. He also sent special envoys to send large amounts of gold, silver, silk, poems, books, grain seeds, and specially sent ornaments and cosmetics to Princess Wencheng. In order to commend her and the merits of caring for Tibet.
Songtsen Gampo expressed his gratitude for writing this letter, and said loyally: "When the Emperor comes to the throne, if any of his ministers are disloyal, they should send troops to the country to eliminate them." He also presented fifteen kinds of jewelry. Please place it in front of Taizong's soul to express your condolences. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty was so moved by Songtsen Gampo's loyalty that he promoted him to the title of King of Bin and gave him three thousand pieces of colorful silk. The Tibetan envoys were greatly opened their eyes after arriving in Chang'an. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty agreed to the rice and the technology of making paper, pen, ink and inkstone. The relationship between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo, based on the liaison between Princess Wencheng, has reached the peak of harmony.
Thanks to the efforts of Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng to implement reforms, and the proper planning of Dalu (the Prime Minister of Tubo) Ludongtsan, Tubo has achieved great success in military, political, economic, cultural and other aspects. It achieved rapid development and was able to dominate the Western Regions and became a powerful barrier to the west of the Tang Dynasty.
Unfortunately, Songtsen Gampo passed away soon after, and his grandson succeeded him as Zampu. Because Zampu was young, most of the state affairs were handled by Ludongtsen, while the family affairs were handled by Princess Wencheng. At this time everything was relatively stable.
However, Ludongzan also died soon after, and his son Qinling followed suit and made a great argument. At this time, the relationship between Tubo and its neighboring country Shiguhun deteriorated. They both wrote to the Tang court asking for a judgment on right and wrong. However, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty refused to make a ruling. Qinling Unable to hold himself back, he raised troops and defeated Tuguhun. Unexpectedly, this move offended the majesty of the Tang court. Tang Gaozong believed that before he made a verdict, Tubo had used force without permission, and simply did not take the Tang Dynasty into consideration. Therefore, in the first year of Xianheng, he sent Commander Xue Rengui to attack Tibet.
Unexpectedly, Xue Rengui's army was completely defeated by the Tibetan army in the Dafeichuan area. From then on, the Tubo people no longer obeyed the Tang Dynasty and raised troops to invade the Tang border. The Tang court sent a large army to guard the Tao River to prevent harassment by the Tibetan army. The two sides fell into a hostile situation, and Tubo became the biggest enemy that the Tang Dynasty could never solve.
From the early spring of the 15th year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, when Princess Wencheng married Songtsen Gampo, to the first year of Xianheng Emperor, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, when Xue Rengui led his troops to conquer Tibet, in the thirty years, due to Princess Wencheng’s erudition, Versatile, it had a great influence on the civilization of Tubo. It not only consolidated the Tang Dynasty's western border defense, but also spread the culture of the Han nation to the Western Regions. This was the proud work of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. Unfortunately, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty could not make good use of it in the end and easily It was a pity to provoke war and create an uncontrollable situation, which brought the harmonious situation that Princess Wencheng had worked so hard to create to an abrupt end!
In the first year of Emperor Yonglong of the Tang Dynasty, Princess Wencheng died of illness in Luoxecheng. The Tang court sent special envoys to pay homage, but they failed to improve the diplomatic relations between the two countries. However, Princess Wencheng's admiration from the Tubo officials and people was not diminished due to her estranged relationship with the Tang Dynasty. Her death caused the pain of all Tubo people.
After the death of Princess Wencheng, the Tubo people built temples and shrines to her everywhere to commemorate her. Some local craftsmen who came with her have always been treated generously, and after their deaths, they were buried on both sides of Princess Wencheng's tomb. To this day, Princess Wencheng and these friendly envoys are still regarded as gods by Tibetans!
Princess Taiping
Princess Taiping is a famous figure in the history of our country. She is not only the daughter of Wu Zetian, the first empress in Chinese history, but also almost really became " Wu Zetian is second."
As the youngest daughter of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Wu Zetian, and the sister of Tang Zhongzong and Tang Ruizong, she was extremely favored by her parents and brothers, especially her mother Wu Zetian. She was so powerful that she was called "the one who almost owned the world." Princess". Some people believe that her real name is Li Lingyue based on the article "Quan Tangwen: The Food Table on behalf of the Crown Prince".
In fact, Princess Taiping's life was very uneventful. The blood of her extremely restless mother flowed in her veins. She had been arrogant and indulgent since she was a child, but when she grew up she became vicious and vicious, ambitiously coveting the lofty throne, dreaming of ascending the throne and ruling the world like her mother. However, as Hegel said, history often repeats itself surprisingly, but if the first time it appears as a comedy, the second time it appears as a farce. Although Princess Taiping was not lacking in scheming and talent, and she was very proud of herself for a while, she failed to inherit her mother's ambition and was ranked ninth. She only left many colorful marks in the history books.