A poem definitely worth memorizing
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"Odd Book on Returning to Hometown"
Author: He Zhizhang
When a young boy left home and his elder brother returned home, his local pronunciation did not change and his hair on his temples remained unchanged.
Children don’t recognize each other when they see each other, and they laugh and ask where the guest is from.
Notes:
1. The hair on the temples is gray: the hair on the temples has turned gray.
Rhyme translation:
I left my hometown when I was young and came home when I was old;
My accent has not changed, but my temples have turned gray.
The children saw it but did not recognize me;
They laughed and asked: Where did this guest come from?
Commentary: This is a sentimental poem about returning to your hometown after a long stay in a foreign land. The whole poem expresses the feeling that mountains and rivers remain the same, people are different, life is easy to grow old, and the world has gone through vicissitudes of life. In the first and second sentences, the poet is placed in a familiar yet unfamiliar hometown environment, and it is difficult to calm down. The first sentence describes the fact that he has been visiting a foreign country for decades, and the second sentence describes his "boss" attitude, implying infinite nostalgia. Although the three or four sentences are written by themselves, they are written from the perspective of children, which is full of life interest. The emotion of the poem is natural and lifelike, and although the content is plain, it is full of human touch. The language is simple and unpretentious, without any elaboration, and if you carefully appreciate the poetic environment, you will find a world of its own. The whole poem ends with questions and unanswered questions. It is very sad and touching. It has been recited by people of all ages for thousands of years.
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"Peach Blossom Creek"
Author: Zhang Xu
The flying bridge is faintly separated by the wild smoke, and the fishing boats are on the west bank of the stone alum.
The peach blossoms follow the flowing water all day long. Where is the hole beside the clear stream.
Notes:
1. Flying bridge: high bridge.
2. Shiji: A pile of rocks exposed in the river.
3. Cave: refers to the entrance of the cave found by the Wuling fishermen in "Peach Blossom Spring".
Rhyme translation:
I vaguely saw a long bridge, cut off by wild smoke;
On the west bank of Shiyu, I asked about a fishing boat.
Peach blossoms drift endlessly with the flowing water all day long;
Which section of the Qingxi River is the entrance to the Peach Blossom Spring?
Commentary: This is a landscape poem based on the artistic conception of Tao Qian's "Peach Blossom Spring". The poem was written from far away, describing the deep and secluded valley, the mist, the mist, and the fairyland. Then the camera moves closer, depicting peach blossoms and flowing water, fishing boats floating lightly, interrogating fishermen, and looking for peach lands. The conception of the poem is graceful, the artistic conception is like a painting, the scenery is sentimental, and the interest is profound. Hengtang retired scholar commented: "Four sentences are worth an article of "Peach Blossom Spring"." This is not unreasonable.
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"Remembering Shandong on September 9th Brothers"
Author: Wang Wei
Being a stranger in a foreign land, I miss my family even more during the festive season.
I know from afar that my brothers have climbed to a high place, and there is one less person planting dogwood trees everywhere.
Notes:
1. Climbing high: On the Double Ninth Festival, which falls on September 9th of the lunar calendar, there is a folk custom of climbing high to avoid evil.
2. Cornus officinalis: a kind of plant. Legend has it that on the Double Ninth Festival, wearing a dogwood bag and drinking chrysanthemum wine at high altitudes can avoid disasters.
Rhyme translation:
I have been living alone in a foreign land, and have been a guest in a foreign land for a long time.
Every festive occasion, I miss my relatives more and more.
Reminiscing about the Double Ninth Festival today, my brothers are climbing high again.
They wear dogwood and realize that I am missing.
Commentary: The poem describes the homesickness of a wanderer. The poet urgently gets to the point at the beginning, writing about the loneliness and desolation of life in a foreign land. Therefore, he always misses his hometown and misses his people. When he encounters a good festival, his longing is doubled. Then the poem jumped to write about the brothers far away in their hometown. When they climbed high according to the custom of Double Ninth Festival, they also missed themselves. The poetry jumps repeatedly, is implicit and deep, is simple and natural, and has twists and turns. "I miss my relatives even more during the festive season" has been a famous saying among wanderers for thousands of years, and it has touched the hearts of many wanderers.
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"Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower"
Author: Wang Changling
I entered Wu in the cold and rainy night, and I saw off my guest Chu Shangu in the morning.
When relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, their hearts are filled with ice in a jade pot.
Notes:
1. Furong Tower: Its original location is in the northwest of Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province.
2. Chu Mountain: In ancient times, Wu and Chu were connected. The Zhenjiang area was also called Chu Land, so the mountains nearby could also be called Chu Mountain.
Rhyme translation:
The misty misty rain spreads all over the Wudi and Jiangtian all night long;
I see you off early in the morning, and I feel so sad about leaving Chushan alone!
Friends, if my relatives and friends in Luoyang ask about me;
Just say that I am still a jade pot with a heart of ice and stick to my faith!
Commentary: This is a farewell poem. The conception of the poem is novel, downplaying the feelings of separation from friends, and rewriting one's own noble character. The first two lines of the vast river rain and the lonely Chushan Mountain express the loneliness of the farewell; the last two lines compare to curling to express one's open-mindedness and strong character.
The whole poem is inspired by the scenery, embodies the feelings in the scenery, is implicit and has endless charm.
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"Grudge"
Author: Wang Changling
The young woman in the boudoir does not know her sorrows, and goes up to the green building with makeup on the spring day.
Suddenly I saw the color of willows on the street, and I regretted teaching my husband and son-in-law to find a title.
Notes:
1. Ningzhuang: Shengzhuang.
2. Repent of teaching: regret of envoy.
Rhyme translation:
The young woman in the boudoir never knows sorrow;
When spring comes, she dresses carefully and climbs the green tower alone.
Suddenly I saw the new green willows on the street, and I felt sad;
Oh, I regret that I should not have asked my husband to find a title.
Commentary: This is a poem about boudoir, describing the psychological changes of an upper-class lady when she enjoys spring. The first sentence of the poem, contrary to the meaning of the title, describes her "knowing no worries": innocent, romantic, and full of fantasy; the second sentence describes her climbing upstairs to enjoy the spring: childish and ignorant, naive and late to mature; the third sentence turns sharply and writes about sudden sight. The color of the willow evokes emotions: the willow trees are green, the husband has not returned, time has passed, and spring love is easy to lose; four sentences describe her realization: she regretted her mistake of encouraging her husband to seek a title. The poem does not deliberately write about resentment and sorrow, but the depth of resentment and the weight of sorrow are completely exposed.
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"Spring Palace Song"
Author: Wang Changling
Last night the wind opened and exposed the peaches on the well, and the moon was high in the front hall of Weiyang.
Pingyang's singing and dancing are newly favored, and the spring cold outside the curtain is bestowed with brocade robes.
Notes:
1. Weiyang: the name of the Han Palace, also refers to the Tang Palace.
2. Pingyang Song and Dance: The singing girl in Princess Pingyang’s family.
Rhyme translation:
Last night the spring breeze blew open the peach blossoms beside the dew well,
The bright moon in the front hall of Weiyang Palace shone brightly.
Princess Pingyang’s singer was newly favored by Emperor Wu.
Outside the curtain, Emperor Chun Zhenghan specially gave her a brocade robe.
Commentary: The poem describes the resentment of the erotic palace, but there is no word of resentment. The author focuses on applying powder on the back and using side lighting to make the light and dark clear. The poem explicitly describes the situation of the new person being favored, and implicitly expresses the resentment of the old person who has fallen out of favor. One thing is false but the other is true, and the words are close but the meaning is far: it seems that there is no resentment, but the resentment is deep; it seems that there is no hatred, but the hatred is long-lasting. The method of making sounds outside the solid strings.
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"Liangzhou Ci"
Author: Wang Han
The luminous cup of grape wine will prompt you to drink Pipa immediately.
Don’t laugh when you are lying drunk on the battlefield. How many people have fought in ancient times.
Notes:
1. Luminous cup: a cup made of white jade.
Rhyme translation:
The newly brewed grape wine is filled with luminous cups;
Just when I was about to drink happily, the sound of pipa immediately reminded me.
Even if you are drunk on the battlefield, please don’t laugh;
Since ancient times, when men went to war, how many of them returned alive?
Commentary analysis: The poem is a famous song that chants the cold scenes in the border area. The whole poem is about a feast in the harsh and desolate frontier fortress, describing the scene where the soldiers drank happily and got drunk to their heart's content. The first sentence is colorful and beautiful, and the tone is clearer and more pleasant, showing the luxurious style of the feast; the second sentence uses the word "want to drink" to further describe the lively scene, and the banquet is added with music to deliberately exaggerate the atmosphere. The third and fourth sentences are extremely descriptive of how people consider and encourage each other to drink, to enjoy themselves to the fullest, to be happy and forget their worries, and to be bold and open-minded. Regarding these two sentences, a retired scholar from Hengtang commented: "The broad-minded speech makes me feel doubly sad." Commentators have always thought it was sad and sentimental, and they hated war. Shi Buhua's "Poetry of Xian Maid" written by Shi Buhua in the Qing Dynasty commented: "If you write sad words, it will be easy to read, but if you write humorous words, it will be wonderful to read. It is up to the scholar to understand." Judging from the content, there are no words that dislike the military career, and there is no meaning of lamenting the loss of life. , it is hard to criticize the pain, it is sad and sentimental, it seems reluctant. Shi Buhua’s words have depth. It has been famous throughout the ages, and has been widely discussed. Different people have different opinions, and scholars can enlighten themselves.
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"Send Meng Haoran to Guangling" < /p>
Author: Li Bai
My old friend bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks descended from Yangzhou in March.
The shadow of the lone sail in the distance is gone in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky.
Notes:
1. Yellow Crane Tower: Built on Huangheji west of Wuchang, Hubei, with the Yangtze River below.
2. Fireworks: refers to the gorgeous scenery in late spring.
3. The end of the blue sky: refers to the place where the boat disappears where the water and the blue sky meet.
Rhyme translation:
Old friend Meng Haoran bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower in Western Chu;
In March, when fireworks were like a sea, he went to visit Yangzhou.
A lone boat disappeared far away at the end of the blue sky;
I saw only the mighty Yangtze River, rushing towards the sky!
Commentary: This is a farewell poem, which combines feelings of separation and scenery.
The first sentence points out the place of farewell: the famous Yellow Crane Tower; the second sentence describes the time and destination of farewell: the spring scenery of "Fireworks in March" and the scenic "Yangzhou" in the southeast; the third and fourth sentences describe the scene of farewell: watching Gufan Gone far away; leaving only a river of spring water. The poem uses the gorgeous and mottled spring scenery of fireworks and the vast Yangtze River as the background. It does its best to render it, and paints a farewell painting of a poet with a broad artistic conception, endless love, bright colors and a suave and elegant mood. "Fireworks descend on Yangzhou in March", a retired scholar from Hengtang commented: "A beautiful poem for the ages." reasonable.
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"Early Departure to Baidi City"
Author: Li Bai
The White Emperor's speech to the emperor is among the colorful clouds, and the thousand miles to Jiangling are returned in one day.
The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the boat has passed the Ten Thousand Mountains.
Notes:
1. Baidi: present-day Fengjie, Sichuan Province
2. Jiangling: present-day Jiangning County, Hubei Province.
3. One-day return: You can arrive in one day.
Rhyme translation:
In the early morning, I bid farewell to Baidi City, which reaches into the sky;
Jiangling is thousands of miles away, and the boat trip only takes one day.
The sounds of apes on both sides of the strait are still crying in my ears;
Unconsciously, the boat has passed through thousands of green mountains.
Commentary: Poems describe scenery. In the second year of Qianyuan (759) of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, the poet was exiled to Yelang. When he was pardoned by Emperor Bai, he wrote this poem when he returned to Jiangling by boat. The poem is about describing the section of the Yangtze River from Baidi to Jiangling, where the water flows rapidly and the boat moves like flying. The first sentence describes the height of Baidi City; the second sentence describes the distance to Jiangling and the speed of the boat; the third sentence uses the shadow of the mountain to highlight the speed of the boat; the fourth sentence writes that the boat is as light as nothing, indicating that the water is flowing like water. The whole poem is sharp and straight, flowing straight down, and the speed of the boat is so joyful that it makes people far away. No wonder Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty praised: "The ghosts and gods wept in the storm!"
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"Meeting the Envoy Entering the Capital"
Author: Cen Shen
Looking eastward from my hometown, the road is long and my sleeves are full of tears.
We will meet soon without pen and paper, and I will rely on you to send messages of peace.
Notes:
1. Hometown: refers to Chang'an, where the author has a villa.
2. Longzhong: Here it means getting wet.
3. With: trust.
Rhyme translation:
Looking back to the east to see my hometown thousands of miles away, the road is long and confusing;
My face is full of dragon bells and my sleeves are dripping with tears, but I still don’t dry up with tears.
I bumped into you on the way, but I don’t have paper or pen to write my book;
I can only ask you to send a message home to say that you are safe.
Commentary: The poem describes a situation in which a tourist meets an envoy from Beijing and asks him to carry a message home. Poetry comes from life and reflects life. It is written by hand without any polish, it is kind but tasteless, sincere and touching. "We will meet soon without a pen or paper, and I will rely on you to tell you that you are safe" is a common thing in life. Once refined and summarized by art, it is so elegant, touching and full of vitality!
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"The Year of Li Gui in Jiangnan"
Author: Du Fu
It is common in King Qi's house, and Cui Jiutang heard it several times.
It is the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and you will meet again when the flowers are falling.
Notes:
1. Li Guinian: a famous musician in the Tang Dynasty. He was appreciated by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and later lived in the south of the Yangtze River.
2. King Qi: Li Fan, the younger brother of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, was named King Qi.
3. Cui Jiu: It was Cui Di, who served as the palace supervisor at that time.
Rhyme translation:
I often saw your performances in King Qi's house;
I also appreciated your art many times in front of Cui Jiutang.
I never thought that in this beautiful Jiangnan;
It is the season of falling flowers, and I would meet you, an old acquaintance, by chance.
Commentary: The poem is sentimental about the harshness of the world. Li Guinian was a famous singer in the early Kaiyuan years. He often sang in aristocratic houses. Du Fu was very talented when he was young. He often visited the court of Li Fan, the king of Yuqi, and Cui Di, his secretary and supervisor, and was able to appreciate Li Guinian's singing art. The first two sentences of the poem recall the past contact with Li Guinian, expressing the poet's nostalgia for the prosperity of the early Kaiyuan years; the last two sentences express his emotion about the decline of the country and the displacement of artists. Only four sentences summarized the vicissitudes of the times and the great changes in life throughout the Kaiyuan period. The language is extremely plain, but the connotation is infinitely rich. Hengtang retired scholars rated it as: "Of the seven unique features of Shaoling, this is the best."
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"Chuzhou West Stream"
Author: Wei Yingwu
On the edge of the secluded grass stream, there are orioles singing in the deep trees.
The spring tide brings rain late and comes quickly, and there is no boat crossing the wild river.
Notes:
1. Chuzhou: west of today’s Chu County, Anhui Province.
2. Xijian: Located in the west of Chu County, its common name is Shangma River.
3. Grass: grass in the valley.
Rhyme translation:
I love the quiet grass growing by the stream,
On the stream there are orioles singing in the deep forest.
The spring tide rushes in along with the night rain.
There are no boats at the ferry drifting sideways with the waves.
Commentary: This is a famous piece of landscape poetry. It describes a trip to Chuzhou in the spring to enjoy the scenery and the rainy Yedu in the late tide. The first two sentences describe the spring scenery, loving the quiet grass and valuing the oriole, which is a metaphor for music and keeping the festival, but jealous of the beauty; the last two sentences describe the scene of the spring tide with rain and the rushing water, which contains a feeling of being out of place and unable to do so. Its use is helpless sadness. The whole poem expresses the tranquility and sadness.
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"Night Mooring at Maple Bridge" < /p>
Author: Zhang Ji
The moon sets and crows cry, the sky is filled with frost, Jiang Feng fishes and the fire faces melancholy.
At Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rang at midnight to reach the passenger ship.
Notes:
1. Fishing fire: the lights on fishing boats.
2. Suzhou: present-day Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province.
3. Hanshan Temple: a temple near Fengqiao, Suzhou.
Rhyme translation:
The bright moon sets in the west, the sky is filled with autumn frost, and there are several crows in front of the mountain;
The fishing fires on the river reflect the red maple trees, and my sadness disturbs my sleep. .
Oh, the famous Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou;
The midnight bell floated slowly to the side of my boat.
Commentary: This is a poem describing the sight and feeling of mooring at Maple Bridge at night. The first sentence describes what you see (the moon sets), what you hear (the crows), and what you feel (the sky is full of frost); the second sentence describes the scenery near the Maple Bridge and the melancholy mood; the third and fourth sentences describe the passenger ship lying on the ground listening to the bells of the ancient temple. Ordinary bridges, ordinary trees, ordinary water, ordinary temples, and ordinary clocks, through the artistic re-creation of the poet, constitute a night view of the Jiangnan water town that is timeless, quiet and attractive, and has become a masterpiece that has been passed down through the ages. , scenic spots. There has been a lot of discussion about this poem since Ouyang Xiu said, "The third watch is not the time to ring the clock." In fact, it is a fact that Hanshan Temple rang the bell at midnight, and it continued until the Song Dynasty. The poem "Crossing the Fengqiao Temple" written by Sun Zhan of the Song Dynasty: "In a dream when the white head comes back, the green mountains will not change their old appearance. The crows crow and the moon falls on the temple beside the bridge, and I can still hear the midnight bell while leaning on my pillow." This can be proved. Zhang Ji probably also took the ringing of bells at midnight as a distinction, hence the phrase "bells ringing at midnight". People today may think that "Wudi" refers to "Wutiao Mountain" to the west of Hanshan Temple, and does not mean "crow crow." "Chou Mian" refers to "Chou Mian Mountain" south of Hanshan Temple, and does not refer to "sadness and inability to sleep." Little did they know that "Wutiao Mountain" and "Chou Mian Mountain" were named after Zhang Ji's poems. The word "Wutiao" in Sun Zhan's sentence "The moon falls on the bridge beside the bridge" obviously refers to "Wutiao Mountain".
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"Cold Food"
Author: Han Ling
Flowers are flying everywhere in the spring city, and the east wind and the willow trees are leaning against the cold food.
At dusk, candles were passed around the Han Palace, and light smoke dispersed into the house of the Five Marquises.
Notes:
1. Cold Food: One hundred and five days after the winter solstice every year, probably two days before Qingming Festival, is the Cold Food Festival. According to Zuo Zhuan, Duke Wen of Jin set fire to the forest to seek recommendation. Unexpectedly, he was burned alive while holding a big tree. In order to commemorate him, Jin people banned fire on this day every year and only ate cold food, so it was called cold food.
2. Imperial willow: the willow tree in the emperor’s imperial garden.
3. Passing candles: Although fire is prohibited during the Cold Food Festival, the prince's family is allowed to light candles as a gift.
4. Five Marquises: Emperor Huan of the Later Han Dynasty made five favored eunuchs Marquises in one day, and they were called the Five Marquises in the world.
Rhyme translation:
In spring, fallen flowers are flying everywhere in Chang'an City;
On the Cold Food Festival, the east wind tilts the willow branches in the imperial garden.
At dusk, the candlelight given by the emperor came from the palace,
The light smoke dispersed into the newly named prince's home.
Commentary: This is a satirical poem. Fire is prohibited during the Cold Food Festival, but favored eunuchs receive special fire candles from the emperor and enjoy privileges. Poetry is the favor of those who ridicule eunuchs. Therefore, Hengtang retired scholar commented: "The prosperity of eunuchs in the Tang Dynasty is not less than that of Huan Ling. Poetry is far more profound than satire." The first two sentences describe the scenery of mid-spring; the last two sentences imply an allegorical feeling. The poem does not directly satirize, but only describes the privileged class in life, with subtle subtleties and profound insights. According to the "Poem of Skills" written by Meng Qi of the Tang Dynasty, this poem was highly appreciated by Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty, and Han Ling was promoted by imperial approval to the important position of doctor in the driving department and Zhigao. At that time, the governor of Jianghuai was also named Han?, and he advanced with the same name. Dezong personally wrote the entire poem "Flowers Flying Everywhere in the Spring City" and commented "With Han Ling", which became a good story and spread all over the world.