Solar terms, phenology and proverbs

The earth's orbit (3600) is divided into 24 arc segments, and every 150 is a solar term. So there are the following twenty-four solar terms:

Spring rain shocks the spring and clears the valley, summer is full of awns and the second summer continues, autumn is dewy and spring is cold and frost falls, and winter snows and snows, and winter is cold.

The twenty-four solar terms can be divided into four categories. The eight solar terms of Beginning of Spring, Vernal Equinox, Beginning of Summer, Summer Solstice, Beginning of Autumn, Autumnal Equinox, Beginning of Winter, and Winter Solstice represent the changes in the coming and going of cold and summer; the five solar terms of Minor Heat, Major Heat, End of Heat, Minor Cold, and Major Cold represent the changes in temperature; Rain and Grain Rain reflect the amount of precipitation. , seven solar terms: white dew, cold dew, frost, light snow, heavy snow; four solar terms: Jingzhe, Qingming, Xiaoman, and Eawn, which reflect phenological phenomena or agricultural activities.

The following is a solar term song spread in the north:

At the beginning of spring, the Yang Qi turns, and rain comes by the river; crows crow at the Waking of Insects, and the ground dries up at the Spring Equinox;

In the Qingming Festival, people are busy planting wheat, while in the Grain Rain, they plant fields; in the Beginning of Summer, goose feathers live, and small birds come all over;

The awns are in full bloom, but no cotton will be harvested during the summer solstice; the mild summer heat is not too hot, and the severe summer heat is the dog days;

The beginning of autumn is busy with indigo, and the end of summer is busy with the sickle; the white dew is cutting the ground, and there is no growing field at the autumnal equinox. ;

The cold dew is not too cold, but the frost has changed the sky; the ground has been sealed at the beginning of winter, and the Xiaoxue River has been sealed tightly;

The heavy snow river has been sealed, and no boats can sail on the winter solstice; the minor cold is not too cold, but the big cold has Thirty-nine days.

It can be seen from the introduction that solar terms are closely related to people's production and life.

"Flowers and trees are in season, and birds are singing to announce the farming season." This is what people call phenology.

The so-called phenology refers to the activities of flowers, trees, birds and animals in nature according to certain seasons. This activity is closely related to climate change.

It includes three aspects:

The sprouting, spreading of leaves, flowering, yellowing and falling of leaves of various plants;

The arrival, first call, final call, departure and hibernation of migratory birds, insects and other animals etc.;

Some hydrological and meteorological phenomena, such as first frost, last frost, freezing, melting, first snow, last snow, etc.

In ancient China, five days were regarded as one period, and three periods were One solar term. From winter to spring, there are twenty-four solar terms in the eight solar terms from Xiaohan to Guyu. In each season, a kind of flower blooms. People call the wind blowing when the flowers bloom "flower trade wind". ", so there is a saying of "Twenty-Four Flower Trade Winds". In order to describe it accurately, people select a plant with the most accurate flowering period as a representative among the plants that bloom in each of the twenty-four seasons. It is called the flower trade wind of this period.

Small Cold: the first period of plum blossoms, the second period of camellia, the third period of daffodils;

The Great Cold: the first period of Daphne, the second period of orchids, the third period of Wait for mountain alum;

The beginning of spring: first wait for spring, second wait for cherries, third wait for spring;

Rain: first wait for cauliflower, second wait for apricot blossom, third wait for plum blossom;< /p>

The Awakening of Insects: Peach blossoms in the first phase, Ditang in the second phase, and roses in the third phase;

Spring Equinox: Begonias in the first phase, pear blossoms in the second phase, and magnolias in the third phase; Qingming Festival : Tung blossoms in the first season, wheat flowers in the second season, willow flowers in the third season;

Grain Rain: peonies in the first season, sweet rice in the second season, and building flowers in the third season.

Twenty-four chapters The flower trade wind not only reflects the natural phenomenon of flower blooming and seasonality, but more importantly, this phenomenon can be used to control the farming season and arrange farming work.

The following are the relevant things that the working people of our country have summarized in their production and life. Proverbs about plant phenology:

The peach blossoms bloom, and the swallows come to prepare the grain for planting in the fields.

The willow trees sprout warmly, and the cold weather will not last long.

The lotus flowers are blooming, and the seedlings are being planted. The chrysanthemums are yellow, and wheat planting is busy.

The tung tree is blooming, and the frost and snow no longer fall.

The poplars are blooming, and the farm work is coming together.< /p>

The willow catkins are bustling, and rice seedlings are being planted in every house.

The plums are golden and the apricots are fat, the durian flowers are like fire, the peaches and plums are falling, the lotus horns are standing, the crops are prosperous, and the harvest is prosperous

< p>Phenology is the most direct language of nature. The appearance of migratory birds and insects clearly tells us the changes of seasons: barn swallows first appear when they wake up, and fly south at the beginning of winter;

Cicadas start singing when they wake up, and white dew sings forever;

Crickets sing at the beginning of the Qingming Festival and at the end of the Autumn Equinox;

The wild geese appear at the beginning of the Qingming Festival but never see the Autumnal Equinox;

The toads appear at the Qingming Festival but disappear from the cold dew;

Frogs sing at the beginning of the spring equinox and at the end of the autumnal equinox.

There are also many proverbs about animal phenology:

Dogs and cats moult early and get cold early in winter.

The thrushes store more food, and the snow will fall for a long time.

The sparrows store food and the snow falls.

When the dog enters the stove, the snow will arrive.

The pig holds the title Grass, the cold wave is coming.

The frogs are croaking, just in time to plant early rice.

Cuckoo cuckoo, sowing the grass and cutting the wheat.

The oriole sings, the wheat needs to be cut...< /p>

When the toad comes out of its hole, it will be safe for rain.

Earthworms crawl on the road and the rain will be messy.

Hearing cicadas chirping in the rain foretells the arrival of sunny days.

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The chickens stay late, the ducks crow happily, the storm will come soon.

It will rain when the ants build their nests.

It will rain when the swallows fly low.

< p>Fish dive, rain is coming.

Turtle tide, sign of rain.

The loach is quiet, the weather is fine.

The impact of meteorological activities on us It can be described as meticulous, so people concluded:

Winter snow is a wheat quilt, and spring snow is a wheat ghost. Three wheat quilts are covered with wheat quilts, and sleep with steamed buns on the pillow.

The winter solstice is full of white frost, and the coming year will be frosty. The grains are full and the warehouses are full.

If there is thick frost in winter, there must be good sunshine.

If the spring frost does not last a night, it will be late every night.

The mist in the three dynasties brings a westerly wind. , if there is no west wind, the rain will not be empty.

There is rain in the spring fog, hot fog in the summer, fog and snow in the autumn, which turns cool.

The morning fog will disappear, and the rising sun can be found; the morning fog will not Harvest, drizzling non-stop.

There will be no more than three days of heavy fog, and thirty-eight days will pass.

Heavy dew, sunny weather.

Frost and fog, drought. The well is also dry.

After the frost, the south wind keeps raining all night long.