How tragic was the Battle of the Giant Deer in history? This was a major decisive battle in Julu between Xiang Yu, who led tens of thousands of Chu troops, and 400,000 main forces led by Zhang Han and Wang Li, famous Qin soldiers.
Cut off all retreat
Qin Ershi three years (208 BC 10 to September 207 BC), Xiang Yu led the Chu army to the Yellow River south of Julu County (Zhangshui), and immediately sent Ying Bu and General Pu to lead twenty thousand rebels to cross the river to rescue Julu. After the two generals crossed the river, they won a small victory in the first battle. Zhao Jiang Chen Yu urged the invasion. Then, Xiang Yu led the whole army to cross the Yellow River (allegedly to get water), ordered the whole army to burn down houses and tents, and brought only three rations to show their determination to die. With lightning speed, he directly took the giant deer, defeated the tunnel guards, cut off the king's provision route, and surrounded the king from the army. Xiang Yu's determination and courage greatly inspired the soldiers. The Chu army surrounded Wang Li's army and the morale was high. One is ten years old, and the more he fights, the braver he becomes. After nine fierce battles, Zhang Han was finally repelled, Wang Li was captured alive, and Qin Jiang Su Jiao was killed. General Qin set himself on fire, and other soldiers escaped after being killed. Qin Jun, who besieged the stag, collapsed in this way.
Watch the battle on the barricade-sit and watch.
At this point, the majesty of the Chu army overwhelmed the vassal army; There are more than a dozen battalions of the vassal States that saved the giant deer, but they dare not send troops to attack. When the Chu army attacked Qin Jun, the generals of the vassal army watched in the camp. I saw the soldiers of the Chu army shouting ShaSheng earth-shattering, and the vassal soldiers were terrified. After defeating Qin Jun in this way, Xiang Yu summoned governors and generals. When these generals entered Yuanmen, none of them walked on their knees, and no one dared to look up. From then on, Xiang Yu became the general of the vassal army, and all the vassals were under his command.
However, in Historical Records, Biography of Zhang Er and Biography of Chen Yu, there is another saying about the vassal's army: "Xiang Yu's soldiers are definitely out of the tunnel, while Wang left the army because of lack of food. Xiang Yu learned to lead the troops across the river, so he broke Zhang Han. Zhang Han led the troops to solve the problem, but the vassal army dared to attack Qin Jun, the stag, and then took the king away. Involved in suicide. " According to Zhang Er Chen Yuchuan, when Xiang Yu attacked the tunnel guards in Zhang Han, the vassal army just stood by and watched. When Xiang Yu attacked Wang Li, the vassal army participated in the siege, captured Wang Li and forced him to commit suicide. It was the Chu army and the vassal army that died together.
Sima Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty, in the History of History, Biography of Xiang Yu and Biography of Chen Yu in Zhang Er, integrated the statements that: "Xiang Yu was rewarded, and when he led his troops across the river, they all sank, broke their cauldrons, burned their houses, and gave three meals to show that his soldiers would die, and none of them returned home. So the king of Wei followed him, fought nine battles with Qin Jun, and Zhang Han led the troops. Zhuangke dared to attack Qin Jun, killed Su Jiao and left the king. If you don't fall, you will burn yourself. "
A decisive battle between the two armies
Zhang Han's army was stationed in Acanthopanax Senticosus, and Xiang Yu's army was stationed in Zhanghe South. The two armies confronted each other, but there was no war. Because of Qin Jun's repeated retreat, Qin Ershi sent someone to ask Zhang Han. Zhang Han was afraid and sent Sima Xin, who has a long history, back to the court for instructions. Sima Xin went to Xianyang and stayed outside the palace for three days. Zhao Gao didn't receive him, so he didn't trust him. Sima Xin, who has a long history, is very afraid. He hurried back to the original army, but he was afraid to go the same way. Zhao Gao sent someone to chase him, but he didn't catch up. Sima Xin returned to the army and reported to Zhang Han: "Zhao Gao monopolized the power in the imperial court, and the people below could do nothing. Since we can win the battle, Zhao Gao must be jealous of our exploits; If we can't fight, we will die. I hope you will seriously consider this situation! "
At this time, Chen Yu also wrote a letter to Zhang Han, which said: "As a general of Qin, Bai Qi conquered the capital of Chu in the south and Zhao Kuo's army of Ma Fujun in the north, captured countless cities and seized countless lands, and was finally sentenced to death. Meng Tian, also a general of Qin State, drove away the Huns in the north, opened up a land thousands of miles in Yuzhong, and was finally killed in Yangzhou. Why is this? It is because they have done so much meritorious service that it is impossible for everyone in the Qin court to be rewarded, so they found a legal excuse to kill them. Now, general, you have been a general of A Qin for three years, and the casualties of foot soldiers are in the hundreds of thousands, while the princes all over the country are rising more and more at one time. That Zhao Gao has been flattering Ah Geng for a long time, and now he is in critical condition. He was also afraid that Qin Ershi would kill him, so he wanted to find a legal excuse to kill the general to shirk his responsibility and let others take the place of the general to avoid his own disaster. General, you have been away for a long time, and there are many people in the court who have bad blood with you. You were killed for meritorious service, and you were killed for reactive power. Moreover, it is clear to anyone with a discerning eye or a fool that God is going to destroy Qin. Now, general, you can't say it. You become a general of national subjugation outside, but you want to stay alone for a long time. Aren't you sad? Why don't the general do the opposite, unite the governors, make peace and attack the state of Qin, and divide the land of Qin into * * *, each king, and the south is lonely? Compared with being punished for killing his wife and children, which one counts? "
Zhang Han hesitated, secretly sent troops to wait, and went to make peace with Xiang Yu. The peace treaty failed. Xiang Yu ordered General Pu to lead his troops through Sanhujin day and night, and settled down in the south of Zhanghe River to attack and defeat. Xiang Yu led all the troops to attack Qin Jun in the sewage and defeated Qin Jun.
Xin 'an kills and surrenders.
Zhang Han sent someone to inquire for Xiang Yu again, hoping to conclude a peace treaty. Xiang Yu called the officers to discuss and said, "The troops don't have much food and grass. I want to promise them to contract." The officers all said, "Good." Xiang Yu and Zhang Han meet at Yin Ruins on the south bank of Huan River. After making a covenant, Zhang Han could not help shedding tears when he met Xiang Yu, and told Xiang Yu about Zhao Gao's evil deeds. Xiang Yu named Zhang Han King Yong and put him in Xiang Yu's army. Sima Xin is the general and Qin Jun is the pioneer. The battle of the stag is over.
The troops arrived in Xin 'an. The officers and men of the vassal army used to be enlisted and stationed in the frontier fortress. Many officers and men in Qinzhong treated them badly when they passed by. After Qin Jun surrendered, many officers and men of the vassal army used the power of victory to give orders to them like slaves and insult them at will. Many officers and men privately said, "General Zhang tricked us into surrendering to the Zhuangke. It would be great if we could enter the customs and destroy the Qin Dynasty; " Otherwise, the vassal army will capture us back to Kanto, and Qin Chaoting will definitely kill our parents, wives and children. "Governors generals secretly inspected these opinions of Qin Jun officers and soldiers, and reported them to Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu called to discuss with Pu: "Although there are many officers and men now, there are still dissatisfaction in my heart. If they don't listen to the command when they get to Guanzhong, things will be dangerous. Why don't you kill them and just take Sima Xin and Dong Kun, the commander of the army, into Qin? " So Chu Jun took advantage of the night and buried the murder pit of more than 200,000 people in Qin Jun in the south of Xin 'an.