Medical rehabilitation refers to improving the physical or mental damage caused by illness or trauma as much as possible, so that patients can maximize their personal ability physically and psychologically, and their functions can be gradually restored, so as to return to their families and normal social life. In order to enable patients to return to society, rehabilitation is not only medical rehabilitation, but also psychological, social, economic, professional and educational rehabilitation. Including "medical rehabilitation" (using medical means to promote rehabilitation), "educational rehabilitation" (promoting rehabilitation through special education and training), "vocational rehabilitation" (restoring employment and obtaining employment opportunities) and "social rehabilitation" (taking measures related to social life at the social level to promote. Realizing the above four aspects of rehabilitation is also called "comprehensive rehabilitation".
Journal of rehabilitation medicine
Rehabilitation medicine:
1. Rehabilitation is a process to achieve the following goals. It aims to eliminate or alleviate the physical, mental and social functional barriers of the sick, injured and disabled through comprehensive and coordinated application of various measures, so that their physical, sensory, intellectual and mental and/or social functions can reach and maintain the best level, thus changing their lives, enhancing their self-reliance and making them disabled.
2. Connotation (five aspects): medicine, engineering, education, society and specialty.
3. There are three ways of rehabilitation services: rehabilitation in rehabilitation institutions, on-site rehabilitation services and community rehabilitation.
4. Rehabilitation medicine is a unique medical discipline with basic theories, evaluation methods and treatment techniques. It is an important branch of medicine, which promotes the rehabilitation of patients, the injured and the disabled.
5. Rehabilitation medical objects: people with functional disorders mainly caused by injuries, acute and chronic diseases and aging, and people with congenital developmental disorders.
6. The main difference between clinical medicine and rehabilitation medicine: Clinical medicine is disease-oriented while rehabilitation medicine is dysfunction-oriented. Composition and working mode of rehabilitation medicine;
1, the difference between rehabilitation evaluation and diagnosis: evaluation is different from diagnosis, far more detailed and detailed than diagnosis. Because the object of rehabilitation medicine is patients and their dysfunction, the purpose is to restore, rebuild or compensate their functions to the maximum extent. Rehabilitation evaluation is not to find the cause and diagnosis of the disease, but to objectively and accurately evaluate the cause, nature, location, scope, severity, development trend, prognosis and outcome of dysfunction, laying a solid scientific foundation for rehabilitation treatment programs.
2. Commonly used rehabilitation techniques and methods include: physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), speech therapy (ST), psychological counseling and therapy, stylistic therapy, China traditional therapy, rehabilitation engineering, rehabilitation nursing and social services.
3. The working mode of rehabilitation medicine department is: multidisciplinary joint operations.
4. The P& work of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine is led by physiotherapists, whose members include physiotherapists/doctors (PT), occupational therapists/doctors (OT), speech therapists (ST), psychotherapists, prosthetics and orthotists (P&), style therapists (RT) and social workers (SW). 1. Motor function evaluation-unarmed muscle strength test (MMT), range of motion (ROM), gait analysis (GA), activity of daily living (ADL), etc.
2. Neuromuscular function evaluation and evoked potential.
3. Cardiopulmonary function and physical fitness measurement.
4. Psychological assessment-testing psychological, behavioral and cognitive abilities.
5. Language communication measurement.
6. Occupation evaluation-measuring the working level and the potential of the disabled to adapt to the occupation.
7. Measurement of social life ability-interpersonal communication ability, adaptability and realization of personal social role. 1. physical therapy (PT): including physical therapy, physical therapy and exercise therapy.
2. Occupational therapy (OT): including functional training, psychotherapy, vocational training and daily life training, so that patients can adapt to the environment of personal life, family life and social life.
3. Language therapy: training patients with aphasia, dysarthria and hearing impairment.
4. Psychotherapy: individual or collective psychological adjustment or treatment for patients with psychological, mental, emotional and behavioral abnormalities.
5. Rehabilitation care: such as posture therapy, psychological support, bladder care, intestinal care, and guidance on the use of assistive devices. To promote the rehabilitation of patients and prevent secondary disability.
6. Rehabilitation project: using orthoses, artificial limbs and assistive devices to make up for the defects of living ability and senses.
7. Occupational therapy: pre-employment vocational counseling and pre-employment training.
8. Traditional rehabilitation therapy-TCM acupuncture, massage, massage and other therapies are used to promote rehabilitation. Relationship between disease and disability: When patients go to medical institutions for treatment due to illness, no matter who is eager to return to their original physical state. Although there are many treatments for diseases, not everyone can completely recover to their pre-illness state. If you cut off your hands and feet for treatment, they won't grow back.
Nerve cells in the brain or spinal cord are destroyed by diseases, and these cells will not divide and increase. The same is true for other organs. Even if the function of organs is restored by treating diseases, there will still be some scars that cannot be seen from the outside. In this state, the reserve capacity of organs is reduced.
As mentioned above, there are many ways to treat diseases, and the most inconvenient thing after we get sick is that we can't carry on our normal daily life. In this way, the ultimate goal of treatment is to restore the patient's original life. In rehabilitation treatment, it is necessary to analyze the problems caused by diseases, sort them out from three levels, and take corresponding countermeasures. This is the so-called "three-level structure of disability". In the case that individual treatment alone can't solve all kinds of problems encountered in returning to society after discharge, rehabilitation treatment is needed. The objects of rehabilitation treatment include many diseases, which can be roughly divided into physical disability and mental disability.
The diseases that lead to physical disability mainly include cerebrovascular disorder (stroke), head trauma, brain tumor and so on. With unilateral paralysis or dysphagia; Spinal cord injury and tumor with bilateral paralysis or quadriplegia; Chronic rheumatoid arthritis, deformed spondylitis, deformed arthropathy, fracture, scapulohumeral periarthritis, lumbago, etc. In bone and joint diseases; Amputation caused by trauma or vascular disease; Refractory diseases of nervous system include Parkinson's disease, spinocerebellar degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and other polyneuritis. Children's diseases include cerebral palsy, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy and Down syndrome.
In mental disability, not only mental illness such as schizophrenia or manic depression or epilepsy, but also aphasia or memory disorder caused by cerebrovascular injury or head injury has become the object of rehabilitation treatment. In addition, Alzheimer's disease, which is a serious disease in an aging society, and other diseases that can lead to dementia are also included in the scope of rehabilitation treatment.
In Japan, patients with diseases not closely related to rehabilitation, patients after myocardial infarction or heart transplantation, patients after emphysema or chest surgery, patients with artificial anus or artificial bladder, etc. It is regarded as an internal disability among physical disabilities and becomes the object of rehabilitation treatment. Rehabilitation medicine is a new branch of medicine, which mainly involves the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disability and diseases (including pain) by using physical factors and methods (including electricity, light, heat, sound, mechanical equipment and active activities), and studies how to make the sick, injured and disabled recover physically, mentally, socially and professionally, eliminate or alleviate functional obstacles, and help them play their residual functions and restore their living ability. Rehabilitation medicine is a new discipline gradually developed from physical therapy and physical medicine. Rehabilitation medicine mainly faces patients with chronic diseases and disabled people, emphasizing both functional rehabilitation and physical rehabilitation, so that patients can recover not only physically, but also psychologically and spiritually. Its focus is not only to protect the lives of the disabled, but also to restore their functions as much as possible, improve their quality of life, return to society and live a meaningful life.