The so-called peak state of racing pigeons means that racing pigeons show strong homing desire, accurate directional navigation ability, long-term muscle movement and high-speed flight ability in competition activities, and get a high ranking in competition activities. The directional navigation ability, continuous flight time and flight speed of racing pigeons in different places are essentially different from their usual performance in domestic flight training. Especially, excellent racing pigeons can meet the requirements of "peak state" in their physiological and psychological state. Of course, any excellent racing pigeon can not be separated from the measures and means carefully raised and adjusted by the breeder. This paper mainly summarizes the experience and uses relevant basic theories to fully understand the specific performance and observation points of racing pigeon's "peak state". I. Performance and Observation of Awakening State In order to achieve the goal of regression, fast and accurate directional navigation and maintain long-term high-speed flight, racing pigeons must have a high degree of awakening state in their brain nervous system and functional state. This state of awakening can be fully reflected in the performance of pigeon racing. The question is how to observe the awakening state of racing pigeons through their pre-competition performance. According to theoretical research and observation, the awakening of racing pigeons can be divided into the following levels: the first is the level of intense and extreme awakening. The level of this awakening state is manifested in the homing speed and flight time of off-site flight training or racing competition. Generally speaking, the high-speed return of racing pigeons in a racing competition fully proves that they are in such a state of tension and extreme awakening. However, some racing pigeons often get a high ranking in the 300-kilometer race. When they reach the 500-kilometer race, some of them fall into Sun Shan, while others disappear forever. Judging from the level of the awakening state of the brain nervous system of racing pigeons, their awakening state is completely manifested in the process of returning to the nest in the 300 km race. However, due to the structural characteristics and physical differences of the brain nervous system, their nervous system is over-prepared or physically overdrawn in flight activities, which leads to the process of the racing pigeon's cerebral cortex turning into a state of inhibition and recovering its physical strength. After a short physical rest, when I ran 500 kilometers before I fully recovered, the awakening state of my brain and central nervous system was still at a low level, which eventually led to the failure of the 500-kilometer race in Sun Shan or the result of never coming back. The other part of the racing pigeons did not rank high in the 300 km race, but after several days of rest and adjustment, the brain nervous system and functional level were awakened to a very high level by the 500 km race, so they showed the flying ability of accurate orientation and high-speed regression in the competition activities. This is the performance of the extreme awakening state of racing pigeons in different places. The second is the activity level of awakening state. Mr. Su Yezhe, a Japanese racing pigeon master, puts forward from the performance of introducing high-quality racing pigeons that high-quality racing pigeons fully show the characteristics of flying actively at home. Mr. Su Yezhe found that his offspring pigeons of long-distance descent in Europe do not need to be driven away by their owners, and the training time for taking the initiative to fly home is more than two hours every day. Judging from the level of awakening state of brain and nervous system of high-quality racing pigeons, after a night's rest, the level of awakening state of brain and nervous system of racing pigeons was in an excited state the next morning. At this time, the mood of racing pigeons is eagerly waiting for the shed door to open. Once racing pigeons rush out of the pigeon house, the high degree of excitement is manifested in long-term and large-scale flight activities. It can be seen that high-quality racing pigeons show the level of awakening of the brain and nervous system in the usual family flight training activities. The third is the level of calm awakening. When the racing pigeons rest in the pigeon house, the pigeons standing or lying in the perch or nest are in a relatively calm state. Careful observation of pigeons has two different manifestations. One is calmness and a high degree of awakening. Their eyes are shining, watching the owner who enters the pigeon house. Some pigeons raise their heads and necks and pay attention to the owner's every move. The other kind of performance is different. The directionality and persistence of gaze are far less than those of the first pigeon. Some pigeons even stand listlessly or lie in the rest position with their eyes half closed. This shows two different levels of arousal. From the performance and observation of the awakening level of the racing pigeon's brain and nervous system under the above three different situations, it provides neurological, physiological and psychological conditions for pigeon lovers to understand and master whether the racing pigeon is at a high awakening level. Second, endocrine hormones and emotional state racing pigeons show accurate directional navigation ability, long-term muscle activity and high-speed flight ability in the process of racing competition, which is essentially a process of emotional stimulation of motor function potential. Because any racing pigeon in the usual independent home flight activities, it is impossible to show the same flight speed and duration as off-site competition. The neurophysiological and psychological studies of animals and people show that under the stimulation of emotional and stress conditions, some emotional stimuli produced by endocrine system can also stimulate the increase of endocrine hormone secretion. The high-speed regression of racing pigeons is the result of hormone regulating mood and emotional stimulation of endocrine hormone secretion. For example, adrenal cortex secretes adrenal steroids, racing pigeons in different places are influenced by environmental stimuli, and the activity of adrenal cortex is controlled by the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, and the mood and homing behavior of racing pigeons are influenced by the central nervous system. Affected by emotions, a series of physiological changes, especially endocrine changes, affect the emotional changes of racing pigeons struggling to return. Because endocrine hormones can maintain the effect for a long time, racing pigeons may have the ability to fly at high speed and exercise for a long time in different places. Endocrine hormones are called "hormones" abroad. According to their research, when the male hormone secretion of racing pigeons increases, it can effectively stimulate the mood of racing pigeons. For example, pigeon lovers in many European countries adopt the "widowed system" in which female pigeons and male pigeons are raised separately. Some time before the pigeon race, let the mother pigeon pair with the male pigeon, or let the original husband and wife pigeons meet and pair again. This alternating transformation of meeting and parting promoted the increase of hormone secretion of female pigeons and male racing pigeons. When male racing pigeons' androgen secretion reaches a certain level, the most typical emotional expression of male racing pigeons is the "egg-chasing" behavior of chasing female racing pigeons. Judging from this behavior of the male pigeon, his passion is manifested in the behavior of chasing the female pigeon on the ground and roof and approaching the female pigeon in flight. It can also be observed that the attention of male racing pigeons is highly focused on their spouses. I won't stop until I chase my spouse to the nest. Many experienced pigeon lovers let male pigeons reach this emotional state a few days before the race. Facts have proved that this is an effective way to promote the hormone secretion of racing pigeons and stimulate their emotions, and it is also a concrete manifestation of racing pigeons reaching their peak. It should be emphasized that the quality of racing pigeons is the foundation. On the basis of excellent heredity, racing pigeons can use endocrine hormones to stimulate their emotions, so that they can reach the peak state and meet the needs of competition, thus stimulating the sports potential of racing pigeons to maintain long-term flight and high-speed return. Of course, if this feather racing pigeon doesn't have considerable orientation and racing ability, any means to stimulate emotions is meaningless. Third, the performance of the physiological function level and its observation When the peak state of the racing pigeon reaches the level that meets the needs of the competition, a series of changes have taken place in the physiological function, and pigeon lovers can observe it from the series of changes and specific performances of the physiological function. (1) Changes in the eyes and their observation As we all know, the eyes are the windows of the soul. This is an important reason why many homing pigeon lovers pay attention to eye characteristics. Judging from the results of each pigeon racing competition, excellent racing pigeons have yellow eyes and trachoma, and all eyes and 1/4 eyes. What kind of eye sand structure and dynamic performance is the best racing pigeon, there are different opinions and no conclusion. However, according to many valuable studies, when the physiological function level of racing pigeons reaches the state of adapting to the competition, it can be completely expressed from static and dynamic eyes. First, let's look at the dynamic performance of the eyes. The initial flight training of racing pigeons is to improve the directional navigation ability and flight sports ability. All experienced enthusiasts will find two different performances: some racing pigeons have been trained to fly many times, and their directional navigation ability and physical fitness have been fully demonstrated. When racing pigeons recover to a better mental state before flight training or competition, observing their eyes shows that the pupil contracts muscles very badly. Observing the position of their eyes facing the sun, it is found that the strong pupil contraction muscles make the pupils contract very little to reduce the stimulation of direct sunlight. Another performance can be seen from the fatigue state when going home from pigeon racing. Due to exercise fatigue, the pupil contraction ability of homing pigeons is obviously reduced, which is the most typical feature of eye movement. Long-term observation and research show that after long-term regular flight training, racing pigeons with high genetic and functional qualities show obvious dynamic changes in their eyes a few days before their young pigeons are about to hatch or during the period when male pigeons begin to chase eggs enthusiastically. The most prominent are the fluctuation of pupil contraction and the jitter of eyeball. From the observation of pupil contraction fluctuation, it can be seen that the frequency of pupil contraction and expansion in racing pigeons is like a wave frequency. From the eye jitter, the racing pigeon's eyes in a passionate state show regular jitter, and the frequency and amplitude of eye jitter are closely related to the degree of passion. The faster the jitter frequency, the greater the vibration amplitude, and the more the physiological function level can reach the peak state suitable for racing. Secondly, the static structure of racing pigeon eyes changes. Studies have shown that the increased secretion of sex hormones in racing pigeons makes the eyes look particularly bright. We observed with a pigeon's eye magnifying glass that the pigeon's eye sclera was particularly flat and smooth, while the outer edge of the pigeon's eye sclera without passion was uneven and not smooth. Look at the change of static structure of racing pigeon eye sand. Excellent racing pigeons in the pigeon racing competition have yellow eyes and bunkers; There are both whole eyes and 1/4 eyes. However, it is of reference value to understand and master the state of racing pigeons from the change of eye sand structure. Among them, the change of eye sand is closely related to the state of racing pigeons from two aspects: one is the change of stereoscopic impression of eye sand, and the other is the change of eye sand pigment. It is observed that the eye sand structure of racing pigeons has changed from the original horizontal structure to a three-dimensional structure, or from the original non-prominent three-dimensional structure to a strong three-dimensional structure, which is probably a concrete manifestation of the emotional state of racing pigeons. Second, it is generally believed that the pigment in the eye sand of excellent racing pigeons obviously deepens or appears multi-colored interwoven luster before the competition, which is related to the increase of hormone secretion in the racing pigeons, and is also a concrete manifestation of the racing pigeons reaching their peak. (II) Observation on the level of cardiopulmonary and respiratory function The functional level of the heart, blood system and respiratory system of racing pigeons is the basis for maintaining long-term endurance flight. Judging from the functional level of the racing pigeon's cardiovascular system, there are two blood physical and chemical indexes for racing pigeons to reach the peak state. One is the hemoglobin value in the blood. A slightly higher hemoglobin value in the blood can provide favorable conditions for aerobic metabolism and energy supply for racing pigeons to reach their peak. The second is the change of blood fluidity. Studies have proved that when the hormone level in the blood rises, it is beneficial to improve the blood flow speed and transport water and energy substances for long-term endurance flight. Because of this, the blood flow of small blood vessels in racing pigeon eyes increases, which changes the dynamic and static structure of eyes and deepens and thickens the pigment in eye sand. In addition, the level of cardiovascular function can also be manifested as the increase of the temperature of the wings and toes, which is not caused by infection with some pathogen, but the result of increased blood flow of the wings and toes. Therefore, it is an important basis for judging the "peak state" to feel the temperature of the wings and feet of racing pigeons by hand before the game. There are 9 air sacs communicating with the lungs in racing pigeons, which are unique respiratory organs. The volume of the air bag is much larger than that of the lung, and gas can be filled into each air bag after entering the lung. Judging from the structure and distribution of airbags, some airbags are distributed under the skin. When the air fills the airbag under the skin, you can feel it with your hands. Pigeon racing airbags have two main functions. First, inflatable airbags can reduce the weight ratio of racing pigeons, which is beneficial to flying sports. Second, developed airbags can store a lot of air to regulate body temperature. The normal temperature of pigeons is about 465438 0.3 degrees. In order to maintain high-speed flight for a long time, in the process of intense energy metabolism, the body temperature should exceed the normal body temperature by several degrees. Therefore, racing pigeons must have well-developed airbags to meet the needs of the competition. Facts have proved that excellent racing pigeons all have airbag function. When the racing pigeon shows a state of adapting to the competition, the airbag function also appears. When we hold the belly of the racing pigeon with our hands, we have an obvious feeling of chest swelling. Although the racing pigeon has a certain weight, it gives people a feeling of floating. When pigeon racing reaches its peak, the functional level of cardiovascular system and respiratory system can also be shown from family flight training. Especially in hot weather conditions. It is easier to observe pigeons for a long time when they fly home for training and landing. If the landing racing pigeon opens its mouth for a long time, it means that the functions of the racing pigeon's cardiovascular system and respiratory system can not meet the needs of racing competition in the flight activity against weight, and it also means that it has not reached the "peak state" of the competition. If racing pigeons fly home from the shed for a long time every morning, and the flight range is very wide, it will provide very favorable physiological and functional conditions for racing pigeons to reach the peak if they only open their mouths for a while or not when landing. Third, the observation of the feather characteristics of racing pigeons is not only the need of life activities, but also a tool for flying sports. When the functional level of racing pigeons reaches its peak, it can also be shown from the feather characteristics. For example, according to the test results of male hormone level of excellent racing pigeons by a Dutch doctor of medicine, it is found that the higher the male hormone level of excellent racing pigeons, the more favorable it is to stimulate the sports potential and homing desire of racing pigeons. We analyzed the effect of the increase of androgen secretion on the feather characteristics of birds. The increase of androgen content can increase the metallic luster, color depth and elasticity of feathers. In particular, the metallic luster and color depth of the neck feathers can better show the state of racing pigeons at that time. Feathers of racing pigeons are also characterized by close fitting and shedding. When the functional level of racing pigeons reaches its peak, the feathers of the whole body cling to the body and are not easy to shed. From the appearance, clean feathers are tightly wrapped around the body, especially when people catch racing pigeons with their hands, the feathers of those pigeons in bad condition are easy to fall off, while those pigeons in good condition are not easy to fall off. Therefore, pigeon breeders should also judge the peak state of racing pigeons from the tightness of feathers and whether they are easy to shed. Fourth, observation of digestive system function I have encountered such a situation several times. After close-range flight training, it was found that the young pigeons born a few months ago had returned to their nests, but the adult pigeons that competed for hundreds of kilometers or even 1000 kilometers last year were lost. Through observation and research, it is found that the pathological changes of digestive system of racing pigeons are one of the important reasons for the loss of pigeons at close range. According to the long-term observation of pigeon lovers who have successful racing experience, the feces pulled out by excellent racing pigeons before the competition are dry or spherical. You can even pick up this little dung ball with your fingers. Sports science research shows that through family flight training and flight training, the functional level of racing pigeons has been continuously improved, and the water absorption function of cloaca organs in the intestines of racing pigeons has been improved. Because racing pigeons have no micturition organs, water must be excreted through cloaca in the process of food digestion and energy metabolism, but cloaca has water absorption function, which can re-absorb the water entering cloaca into the blood for reuse. Because of this, the cloaca of racing pigeons has a strong water absorption function, and the feces discharged from the body become dry spheres. Because the cloacal water absorption function is enhanced, the water consumption of racing pigeons is reduced, and too much water will not be stored in the body, which is also the reason why excellent racing pigeons are full and moderate when they reach the peak. At the same time, it also creates physiological conditions conducive to flying for racing pigeons to meet the needs of the competition. Fifth, judge the peak state of racing pigeons by the results of racing pigeons. We often see such a situation. Some racing pigeons won the first place in the 300-kilometer race. When they went to compete for 500 kilometers, they fell out of Sun Shan, and even some racing pigeons disappeared forever. Other racing pigeons won the top position in the 500 km race, and the homing speed of 500 km was faster than that of 300 km. There are three possibilities here: first, a high ranking of 300 kilometers may be the performance of the peak state. Due to the intense physical exertion in the competition, there was no excessive recovery before the 500 km race, which led to the delay or defeat of homing. Secondly, the racing pigeons who won the high ranking in the 500-kilometer race did not reach the peak in the 300-kilometer race, so the homing speed was not fast, so the physical consumption was not very intense. After a few days' rest, fatigue symptoms disappeared and physical strength recovered obviously. If during the rest and recovery period, the pigeons are about to hatch and meet their spouses to stimulate their emotions, so as to improve their hormone levels, they are likely to get a higher ranking in the 500-kilometer race. Third, racing pigeons have won high rankings in both 300 km and 500 km competitions. The most important physiological and psychological condition of this result is the sustained level of hormones in the body. This result is only possible when the hormone secretion of racing pigeons is kept at the peak in two races. Therefore, pigeon fanciers can adjust the peak state of racing pigeons according to the needs of two competitions. Observe from the luster and color of eyes, but also judge from the metallic luster, tightness, warmth of feet and comprehensive evaluation of their mental state. To sum it up. Physical consumption of racing pigeons is a process of stimulating functional potential, and the important physiological basis of this ability is to increase the secretion of hormones in racing pigeons. After entering the blood circulation, sex hormones can effectively stimulate the passion of racing pigeons, accelerate the decomposition and supply of energy reserves in the body, greatly change the rheology of blood circulation, make racing pigeons show fast, accurate and lasting directional navigation ability in competition activities, and fully demonstrate the sports ability of lasting flight and high-speed return. This is the foundation and condition of the peak state of pigeon racing.