He saw many changes in the late Ming Dynasty, so he emphasized practical knowledge. King Lu of Nanming named him the Minister of War. When things failed, his mother died of hunger strike. Before she died, she warned Gu not to work in the Qing Dynasty under different surnames.
Yanwu thought that he had a strategy for the world and could not show his wishes, so he tried a little where he went. He cultivated land in Changbai Mountain, Shandong Province, and grazed in the north of Yanmen, Shanxi Province, accumulating thousands of silver.
Before settling in Huayin, Shaanxi Province, Gu traveled all over the frontier fortress, visited the Ming Tombs four times and visited the Ming Tombs six times. He believes that "Huayin controls the intersection of Tongguan and Weihe River, and you can smell the world without leaving home.
Once there is an alarm, you can go into the mountains to guard dangerous places, but only ten miles away; If you are interested in Sifang, the closure of Tongguan will be irresistible. "So I settled here.
He once talked with his friends about learning: a scholar who doesn't say right and wrong first is a person without a foundation; Either a lot of ancient knowledge or empty knowledge. People who have no foundation talk about empty knowledge. I think he claims to be engaged in the cause of saints every day, which is further away from the words and deeds of saints. "
In the seventeenth year of Kangxi, the court summoned learned people and learned people to compile the History of Ming Dynasty. The ministers rushed to recommend him, and he swore allegiance to the death.
2. "Gu, ancestral home, formerly known as Jiang, ancestral home in Kunshan" Read the answer "original text and ancient poetry translator: read the following and complete 17-2 1 topic (17 points) Gu, ancestral home, formerly known as Jiang, ancestral home in Kunshan.
Ming Zhu Sheng. Born with eyes, white in the middle and black in the edge.
Read under ten lines. There are many reasons to see next season, and I emphasize learning about the world.
After the death of the Ming Dynasty, his mother Wang fled Changshu. Kunshan ordered Yang, his uprising division and Guizhuang to follow.
King Lu was appointed Minister of War. Fortunately, he got rid of it, so his mother refused to eat and died, so he took Five Blessingg's second surname sincerely. Tang Wang was summoned by the Ministry of War, but his mother didn't go to the funeral, so he went home and didn't come back.
Yan Wu is conceited about using the world, but he can't do it at once. He will try. It is extremely tiring to open up wasteland under Changbai Mountain in Shandong and raise livestock in the north of Yanmen and east of Wutai in Shanxi.
After crossing Guansai, I visited Xiaoling Mausoleum for four times and Siling Mausoleum for six times, and began to live in Huayin, Shaanxi. He said: "Qin people admire Confucian classics, attach importance to them, and hold clear discussions, which is beyond the reach of other countries;" On the other hand, Huayin is close to the estuary. Although he stays at home, he can also see people and smell things in the world.
Once there is a policeman, it is ten miles away to enter the mountain to prevent risks; If you are interested in all directions, you can build a house by closing the door. "How to settle.
Life is full of vitality, from small to large, never leaving books for a moment. Wherever he went, he used two mules and two horses to carry books, crossed the border barriers, called veterans to inquire about twists and turns, and sent books for investigation if there was anything different from what he heard on weekdays; Or plain wilderness, and then meditate on the classics in the saddle.
The knowledge of martial arts is mainly narrative. Where the national canon system, anecdotes of counties and cities, astronomical instruments, rivers, and Cao Bingnong belong, there is no lack of Kenya Hara, correcting gains and losses, and writing the Book of Counties and Countries in the World with 120 volumes; If you don't have Zhao Yuzhi's compilation, you will find it is a combination of pictures and classics.
Fine rhyme, composed of three volumes of On Sound, made friends with wise and noble elders and discussed it with an ethereal heart, not complacent. (Excerpted from Gu Chuan of Qing Dynasty) 17.
Write a sentence and add some words to it. (4 points) (1) There are many reasons: (2) Wang, the mother of Feng Si, evaded the soldiers of Changshu; (3) The conceit of using the world is slightly negative; (4) There is nothing to do: 18.
The meaning and usage of the following dotted words are exactly the same: () (2 points) A. Fortunately, I don't know when to stop making profits.
There is nothing unpleasant to hear on weekdays. The Tang king took the Ministry of War as the post of Langtai, and it was strong as early as D.
Everywhere I go, everyone today is 19. Translate the following sentence in modern Chinese (5 points) (1) Qin people advocate Confucian classics, attach importance to Chu Shi, and hold proposals, which is rare in other countries.
(2) Make friends with noble elders, discuss with an open mind and not be complacent. 20。
The sentence showing Gu's "seeing the light again" is ""(2 points) 2 1. Gu described a strange person in this article.
(4 points) Reference answer: 17. Four points.
65438+ 0 point for each small question. (1) Change (2) War (3) Pregnancy (4) Success (18).
2 points; D 19 .5 (1) Qin people advocate Confucian classics, attach importance to the seclusion of talented people, and adopt fair public opinion on current affairs, which is really rare in other places.
(3 points) (2) He also made friends with respected talents and heroes, discussed with them modestly, and never satisfied or relaxed his demands on himself. (2 points) 20.
Two o'clock. Kunshan ordered Yang, his uprising division and Guizhuang to follow.
2 1。 Four points.
Be ambitious (2 points) and diligent in academic research (2 points).
3.& lt Gu (1613-1682), a famous thinker, historian and linguist, was also called the three Confucianism in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties with Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi.
The real name is Ji Kun, renamed Jiang, and the word is loyal and clear; After Du Nan's defeat, he changed his name to Yanwu, whose name was Lin Ting. He is a Chinese, Han nationality, born in Kunshan (now Jiangsu), Suzhou and Nanzhili. In the Ming Dynasty, all the students were eager to learn the practical experience of their youth and joined the anti-Qing army in Kunshan. After the defeat, he traveled north and south, visited the Ming Tombs ten times, and died in Quwo at the age of five.
He is knowledgeable and has studied the national code system, county and city anecdotes, astronomical phenomena, canals, military farmers, centuries-old history and phonological exegesis. In his later years, he emphasized textual research, which opened the atmosphere of park learning in Qing Dynasty.
His knowledge is based on erudition and self-shame, and he learns from time to time, and if he learns well, he becomes an official. Poetry is a masterpiece when feelings are hurt.
Gu translated the original text in classical Chinese.
Mr. Lin Ting has never put down his books since he was a child. When he went out, he tied them with a mule and two horses. When you meet the pavilion barrier, ask the veterans to drink and drink. Consult its local conditions and test its area .. If it doesn't match what you hear in your life, you won't doubt it. As soon as you're free, take notes according to the classic of Saddle Mo. Meet an old friend and have no regrets. If you are diligent at this point, you should be broad-minded and profound, and don't compete with him.
translate
Mr. Gu (Zi) never put down his books after he retired from the army. He took one or two thin horses with him when he went out, and the horses followed him with books on their backs. Sometimes, when he arrived at border posts and forts (barriers, cities, pavilions, flints, all military buildings guarded by ancient garrison troops, such as forts and border posts), he invited veterans to go to small hotels on the roadside to have fun together. Sitting on a horse in your spare time, silently reciting classics such as the Four Books and Five Classics and their notes through the saddle. (The classic interpretation is called "annotation" or "sparseness". Don't say hello even when you meet relatives and friends. Sometimes he fell into a trough because of this (he was too focused on it), and he didn't regret it. To this extent, his knowledge is profound and profound.
centre
This paper mainly shows the characteristics of Gu's diligence, preciseness and concentration, and writes the contents of Gu's study and investigation.
5. Gu's classical Chinese translation Gu Shoushu, also known as Gu Shoushu, is selected from the Shinto Table written by Mr. Quan, a writer in Qing Dynasty.
Mr. Fan traveled with two horses and two mules, carrying books with him. When I went to Essex, I called the veterans and asked them about their twists and turns, or if they didn't agree with what I heard on weekdays, I would send a book in the workshop to investigate.
Or walking on the plains and fields, if you don't pay enough attention, you will silently cultivate the classics in the saddle and occasionally forget them, that is, send a book in the workshop and get familiar with it. Gu always carries books with two horses and three mules on every trip.
At the critical moment, call the veterans around you and ask for details here; Some of them are different from what they usually hear, so they go to the inn in the market and open the book to check. Sometimes he walks in the plain wilderness, which is not worthy of attention. He silently reads various classic works and explains them on horseback.
Once in a while, if you forget it, go to the town store and review it again and again.
6. Gu Gu was born in Qiandun (now Qiandeng Town) (Huayuan Village, Kunshan), a small town in the south of the Yangtze River, in the forty-first year of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty (A.D.1665438+May 28, 2003).
Gu Ming Jiang, the scientific name follows the gentry, the word is loyal and clear, and people are better. Does he call himself Guinian, or does he work in Shan Jiang? Hey? In the second year of Qing Shunzhi (1645), the Qing soldiers went south. In recognition of the loyalty of Wen Tianxiang, a national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty, he changed his name to. Shunzhi seven years, in order to avoid harm once alias Shan Jiang? ? Like obedient servants? ? At the age of 3, Mr. Lin Ting suffered from acne and his right eye stung. I started school at the age of seven and read quickly.
19 Taicang married the king; In the twenty-first year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (AD1682 65438+1October 9, died in Quwo at the age of 70). I have been greatly influenced by my mother's education all my life. Before the age of 65,438+00, I went to primary school. Together with me, I was praised as the "founder of Confucian classics in the Qing Dynasty" and books on political discipline in the Ming Dynasty, including classics, canon, county towns, anecdotes, epigraphy, astronomy, geography, documents and military books.
Mr. Lin Ting was an academic and ideological figure during the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China. He is rigorous in his studies and loyal to Geng Jie, and he is a model for teachers at all levels. One, unmarried heir mother Gu, living in Wu Jun, now Wu County, Jiangsu Province, is one of the four surnames of Jiangdong. In the Five Dynasties, she moved to Chuzhou.
Gu Qing, a famous Southern Song Dynasty star, moved from Chuzhou to Yaoliusha, Haimen City, which is now Chongming County. The second son of Qing Dynasty moved to Kunshan County from Yao Liusha, so Gu settled in Huayuan Village of Kunshan County.
From Shan Bo Chuan Xi to Ji Gu, he was the great-grandfather of Mr. Lin Ting. Great-great-grandfather Zhang Zhi, a scholar who looked at the sea, was ugly and worked as an assistant minister of Nanjing Ministry of War. Zu Shaofang, whose real name was Fu, was a scholar during the reign of Emperor Ding Chou in Wanli, with the names Zuo Chunfang and Zuo Zanshan.
Heir Shao Bi, Zi Defu, the second son of Zhang Zhi, a college student. The biological father should be the same, the word is secondary, and the official shadow is born.
The heir and his father had the same fate and died young. The heir king is the granddaughter of Wang Yu, a young woman in Taibu Temple, and the daughter of Wang Shu, a student in Taibu Temple.
It turned out that Wang Shu's daughter was the fiancee of Gu Tongji, a Confucian scholar in Kunshan, but at the age of eighteen, Gu Tongji was unmarried and died of illness. At this time, Wang Shifang was seventeen years old. With the consent of Iraqi parents, he went to Kufu to pay homage.
Never go back to your mother's house after drinking, which is also called the gift of smell: faith, a woman's virtue. I'm invited. I'm from Guggenheim, so I'm going to live a quiet life here. I immediately decided to live with my great aunt and aunt and never marry.
The virtue of such a woman's unmarried chastity is rare in the history of our country. After Wang arrived at Gufu, he stayed outside the door on weekdays and didn't go back to his mother's house for several years.
I spin during the day, read books at night and rest until late at night. I am particularly interested in Historical Records, Mirror and books on political discipline in the Ming Dynasty. On one occasion, her aunt was ill and served day and night, which was extremely hard.
I pity him for working hard all day, but I can't bear to part with him. He expressed his condolences and took his hand. The king didn't want to show his fingers. Menstruation repeatedly asked, just know easy to menstruation's illness, broke a little finger, medicine cooking to eat, pleasantly surprised and admire. Therefore, the touching fact of taking medicine to show filial piety spread like wildfire, adding a much-told story to the history of our country.
In the ninth year of Chongzhen, Wang was 51 years old. Wang Yi, an imperial envoy, played the slogan of "filial piety", which was passed down from generation to generation. When the Qing soldiers went south, Mr. Wang tried to reconcile his comrades' uprising against the Qing Dynasty, but unfortunately failed.
His mother said to him, "although I am a woman, I owe my country. I have died with my country." If you don't act as a foreign courtier, if you don't lose the gratitude of the country to the world, if you don't forget the teachings of our ancestors, then I can close my eyes and go to the ground! " So he fasted for fifteen days and died. He is a loyal and fierce strange girl.
Second, "returning to the strange and looking after the strange" is said to be a beautiful talk. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Gui Zhuang and Gu both had high talent names, and they were unique, and there was a saying in the world that "it is strange to look at the strange". Mr. Lin Ting has a pair of pupils and his right eye is a bit clumsy. He is ugly, but he is smart. He was born in Geng Jie.
Mr. Wang studied hard since he was a child, but he was also different. Teacher Wang, for example, often warms up her classics every spring and summer. At that time, four loud people will be invited to sit around, with notes and sparse books in front, Mr. in the middle and classics in front, and one person will be invited to read aloud. If the text is unclear, ask questions in detail. Look at page 20 and change one person. Four people will take turns and repeat.
After reading the Thirteen Classics, review the Three Histories or the North-South History. I don't drink on weekdays, but I often feel unhappy when I get together with my friends all day, and I call it "it's a pity to waste a day."
In addition, I often like to read classics and notes at once, and sometimes I accidentally fall into pits and valleys. Mr. Wang is not an official, but travels around and leads a quiet life.
During his life, he visited the Ming Tombs, Ming Taizu Tombs and the Ming Si Tombs in Changping, Zhili, five times. It can be seen that his deep feelings for the motherland and profound national consciousness are by no means easily known and understood by ordinary people. In particular, he made a deeper analysis of the fact that everyone should be ashamed. He once said: "Shame is for people's congresses, but it is useless for people who are good at changing their situation.
So dishonest people are born in * * *, so the literati's * * * is a national humiliation. The word Gui Zhuang Gong Xuan is the great-grandson of Gui Zhenchuan, a great writer in Ming Dynasty.
He is always heroic and virtuous, but he has a strange name, which surprises everyone. For example, he once wrote a couplet in his own thatched cottage: "Two people send a nest of blessings, and the wife is too clever and the husband is too beautiful; How many people are there in the neighborhood of hades! " He often calls himself "Guimei", "Guihulai" or "Puming Toutuo".
He and Mr. Lin Ting are both from Kunshan, with frequent contacts, similar interests and profound friendship. Judging from the facts outlined above, strictly speaking, the legendary "looking at the strange" is actually due to the maverick real life of great thinkers or scholars, which has aroused the admiration of ordinary people and become a beautiful talk, which can inspire future generations' respect and nostalgia.
Third, attach importance to scientific research, emphasizing the practical study of Mr. Lin Ting's knowledge, which is extensive and profound, and he has expertise in learning. Later generations especially call his phonological research the most authoritative. Mr. Lin Ting has made great achievements in academic research with rigorous academic spirit, authentic materials and fair arguments.
For example, Quan once said, "Every gentleman travels with two horses and two mules, and carries books with him. When I went to Essex, I called the veterans and asked them about their twists and turns.
Or you don't think much of what you hear on weekdays, just hand out a book in the workshop and investigate. Or walk on the plain field, and if you are not careful, you will meditate on the classics in martingale.
If I forget it occasionally, I will send a book in the workshop and learn it. "Such a serious and realistic spirit and rigorous attitude towards scholarship are very similar to the so-called' scientific research' now.
Mr. Lin Ting personally investigated and studied.
7. "Gu,No. Yuning, formerly known asNo. Jiang,No. Kunshan. Ming Zhu Sheng. Born with eyes, white in the middle and black in the edge. Read under ten lines. There are many reasons to see next season, and I emphasize learning about the world. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, his mother Wang fled Changshu. Kunshan ordered Yang, his uprising division and Guizhuang to follow. King Lu gave him the post of Ministry of War, but fortunately he got rid of it, so his mother died of hunger strike and forbade him to take the second place in Beowulf. Tang Wang was summoned by the Ministry of War, but his mother didn't go to the funeral, so he went home and didn't come back. Yan Wu is conceited about using the world, but he can't do it at once. He will try. It is extremely tiring to open up wasteland under Changbai Mountain in Shandong and raise livestock north of Yanmen and east of Wutai in Shanxi. Crossing Guansai, four visits to Xiaoling and six visits to Siling began to live in Huayin, Shaanxi. " Qin people advocate Confucian classics, attach importance to Chu Shi, hold a clear discussion, and have little reality; "On the other hand, Huayin is close to the estuary. Although he stays at home, he can also see people and hear things in the world. Once there is a policeman, it is ten miles away to enter the mountain to prevent risks; There is interest in all directions, and you can build a house by closing the door. " Is how to settle down.
Life is full of vitality, from small to large, never leaving books for a moment. Wherever he went, he used two mules and two horses to carry books, crossed the border barriers, called veterans to inquire about twists and turns, and sent books for investigation if there was anything inconsistent with what he heard on weekdays; Or plain wilderness, and then meditate on the classics in the saddle.
The study of Wushu is mainly based on the convergence of China. All the titles, anecdotes of counties and cities, astronomical instruments, and rivers and mountains are soldiers and peasants, all of which are poor from the original research Committee, and they have compiled 120 volumes of books on the interests of counties and cities around the world; If you don't have the compilation of Chronicle of Zhao Yu, you can combine pictures and classics besides textual research. Fine rhyme and sound theory are three volumes, and make friends with virtuous and noble elders, discuss with an open mind and not be complacent.
("Qing History Draft")? Gu "biography")
Thinking and feeling
1. The incorrect explanation of the added words in the following sentences is ().
A. read under ten lines. There are many reasons to see next season, emphasizing the study of the world (season)
B. Yan Wu is conceited to use the world, but he can't succeed (ambition)
Guyuanhekou, Huayinwan (Tongguan, Yellow River)
D the study of Wushu is mainly based on the convergence of China.
2. The main purpose of Gu's visit is ()
A. write geography.
B. write books on military science.
C.i like roaming and hunting by nature.
D. plotting to recover Daming.
3. The purpose of Gu Qinxue's practical learning is ()
A: I want to make a summary of China's academic thoughts for two thousand years.
B. I can't do anything politically, I can only devote myself to academic research.
C. summarize the experience and lessons of the decline of the Ming dynasty and want to make a difference to the country and the nation.
D. I feel that times have changed, things have changed, and I want to make some academic innovations.
4. Gu Yanwu resolutely refused to be an official in the Qing Dynasty because ()
A. Gu had a family feud with the Qing Dynasty.
B. gu is not interested in politics and is committed to academic research.
C. because the Qing court did not hire and reuse gu.
D. Because the Qing Dynasty belonged to alien rule, Gu had a strong national consciousness, and his stepmother warned him not to take the second surname.
Reference answer
1. A (it should be "late")
From the end of the first paragraph of the original text. )
From the first paragraph of the original text. )
4.d (in the middle of the first paragraph of the original text, "Mother doesn't eat pawn, Fu's surname" and Gu's actions can be known. )
Reference translation
Gu, formerly known as Gu Jiang, was born in Kunshan. He was born in the Ming Dynasty. He was born with eyes, white in the middle and black around, and read everything. Seeing many changes in the late Ming Dynasty, he learned the knowledge of governing the country.
8. Classical Chinese Gu studied hard to explain classical Chinese Gu studied hard to explain Mr. Gu Fan's trip. Two horses and three mules were carrying books.
When I went to Eritrea, I called the veterans to leave the regiment and asked about their twists and turns. Or it is inconsistent with what I heard on weekdays (4), that is, publishing books and doing research in the workshop (5). Or [6] walking in the plain wilderness, if you don't pay enough attention to [7], then meditate on the classics in the saddle; Occasionally, I forget that the book is published in the workshop and the book is ripe.
(Selected from Mr. Shinto Table) [Note] (1) Mr. Fan's trip: Mr. Fan's trip. Sir, this is what Gu means.
(2) Ethiopia: a dangerous place. (3) twists and turns: details.
(4) or: yes. (5) that is, approaching and extending in the direction.
Fangsi: an inn in the market. Investigation: check and correct.
[6] Tail: Go directly. (7) Not enough: not worth it.
(8) Annotations of various classics: annotations of various classic works. ⑼ Familiarity: be serious and careful.
[Interpretation] "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." Many people's initial understanding of Gu probably stems from this famous saying full of patriotic feelings.
This patriotic thinker and famous scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties studied diligently since childhood. Enlightened at the age of 6, 10 began to read history books and literary masterpieces. He is honest and serious about reading and studying.
The article "Gu fondle admiringly" vividly depicts a tireless Gu in very concise language. Wherever Gu goes, the book follows. He sat on horseback reciting scriptures and occasionally forgot them. He still needs to find books to review carefully.
It is commendable that Gu hasn't read the dead book. Once he finds that it is inconsistent with what he hears on weekdays, he will open the book to check and correct it. It is in this spirit that Gu, on the basis of field investigation, completed a book entitled "Tianxia County Records" which combines literature with field historical investigation.
Gu always carries books with two horses and three mules on every trip. When you get to a dangerous place, ask the retired officers about the details here; Some of them are different from what they usually hear, so check the books in the inn in the nearby market.
Sometimes I walk directly through the plain wilderness, and there is nothing worthy of attention. I just silently look at the notes and proofs of various classic works on horseback; If you forget it carelessly, read a book in the inn of the nearby market and check it carefully.
9. Gu's translation of Walking with People
[Original]
People are learning, if they don't advance, they will fall back. It is embarrassing and difficult to study alone without friends; [1] If you stay on one side for a long time, you will get used to it without knowing it. Unfortunately, in remote areas, there is no money for horses and chariots [2]. It is better to interrogate the ancients and record [3] in order to find out what is right and wrong. Nine times out of ten, you can get it five or six times [4]. If you don't go out and study, you are a man with a wall [5]. Although you are a lamb and a saint of Yuanxian [6], you will never be helpful to the world. Confucius said, "There must be faithful people in a city with ten rooms. It is better to learn from the mountains." [7] Confucius is a saint, and the husband still needs to learn. What can we do today?
To annotate ...
<1> two sentences: "learning alone" and "being ignorant": "learning alone without friends is ignorant." Bad: narrow knowledge. [2] Capital: expenses. [3] The ancients and discipline: "The Book of Rites Confucianism" said: "Confucianism has modern people and lives, and the ancients and discipline." Ji Ji, textual research. [4] Ji Shu: Almost. [5] Facing the wall: Learning without skill is like facing the wall. The language "The History of the Later Han Dynasty, the History of the Later Han Dynasty, Deng Ji" says: "In the last days of this world, the nobles ate the Lu family, dressed well, had plenty of food and clothing, and worked hard, so they never lost it." [6] Zi Lamb: Gao, Chai and Zi Lamb, disciples of Confucius. "The Analects of Confucius Advanced" says: "Chai is also stupid." Zhu's Notes: "A fool knows more than he knows." There is another cloud: "Luz sacrificed lambs. Confucius said: Son of a thief's wife. " Zhu's Notes: "If we say that lambs are beautiful and don't learn, it will be harmful to make them govern the people." Yuan Xian: Also known as Si Yuan, Zi Zisi was a disciple of Confucius. "The Analects of Confucius Yongye": "I thought it was to kill it, and it was 900, so I resigned." [7] Ten-room inscription and other three sentences: The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang.
[translation]
If a person does not make progress one day, he will certainly regress one day. If you study alone and have no friends, your opinions will be narrow and it will be difficult to make a difference. If you live in a place for a long time, you will get used to the secularity there without awakening. [If] unfortunately in a poor and remote place, there is no cost of riding a carriage, we should still hunt for knowledge extensively and study it in detail, [in this way] we can meet the ancients in the same way and know whether the knowledge is correct or not, and we will get almost 67% of the knowledge. If we don't go to the door and study, we are like a person without knowledge. Confucius said, "Even in a small village with only ten families, there must be honest people like me, but they are not as studious as me." With a saint like Confucius, we still have to study hard. Isn't this an encouragement to modern people?