Offer flowers to the youth

Author: Du Fu Age: Tang Genre: Seven Wonders

The city music under the overpass is soft and melodious, half of it goes with the river wind and the other half floats into the clouds.

This kind of music should only be in heaven, where can I hear it several times?

This four-line poem is literally as clear as words, but there have been many objections to its theme. Some people think that it is just a hymn without any implication; However, Yang Shen's Poem of Sheng 'an said: "Hua Qing used imperial rites and music in Shu, mocking it, but his meaning was beyond words, and he got the poet's meaning." Shen Deqian's "On Poetry" also said: "Poetry is expensive and intentional, and words are here. Du Shaoling's tattoos and theft, he wants to write new songs in the sky. " Yang and Shen's theory is preferable.

In the feudal society of China, the etiquette system was extremely strict, and even music had an unusually clear hierarchy. According to the book of the Old Tang Dynasty, after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, the great-grandfather Li Yuan ordered the great-grandfather to research the elegant music of the Tang Dynasty, "The emperor is in the Xuan, playing Taihe; The princes went in and out, playing books and; The crown prince announced that he would hang out and play; ..... "These fragmentary music systems are all established laws of the dynasty, and a slight violation is chaos and rebellion.

Hua Qing, whose real name is Ding Jing, is Cui Guangyuan of Yinbu, Chengdu, who has made great contributions to the counter-insurgency. However, he was arrogant, arrogant, broke the law and discipline, and allowed the foot soldiers to plunder East Shu. And beyond the court, arrogating the joy of the son of heaven. Du Fu's poems are euphemistic satire.

Intriguingly, the author did not explicitly criticize Hua Qing, but adopted a clever pun. Literally, this is an excellent musical hymn. You see:

"Chengdu has more silk management days", which means Chengdu; Silk tubes refer to stringed and wind instruments; Succession, which originally meant that things were numerous and chaotic, was usually used to describe concrete things that could be seen and touched, but here it was used as a metaphor for abstract music that could not be seen and touched, which turned the invisible into visible from the synaesthesia of human hearing and vision, and accurately and vividly described the light, soft, mixed and harmonious musical effect of the stringed instrument. "Half into the river, half into the clouds" is also written like this: melodious music flies out from the banquet of Huaqing's family, rippling in the Jinjiang River with the wind, and Ran Ran floats to the blue sky and white clouds. These two poems let us truly feel the beauty of music. The word "half" is ethereal and clever, which adds a lot of interest to the whole poem.

The music is so beautiful that the author can't help but sigh: "This song should only be available in the sky and can be heard several times on earth." Fairy music in the sky, of course, is rare in the world, and it is even more wonderful to smell it.

There are four sentences in the whole poem. The first two sentences describe music with concrete images, which are real words; The last two sentences boasting about Yue Xian in the sky are daydreams. Because of reality and emptiness, the reality and reality are born together, and the beauty of music is praised to the extreme.

However, this is only a literal meaning, and the implication is meaningful. This can be seen from the words "heaven" and "earth". Those who are "in heaven" are also in the palace where the son of heaven lives; "People" are also outside the palace. This is a common pun in feudal society. It is said that music belongs to the sky, and the word "should only be" has been added. Since it is "should only be in the sky", then "people" should certainly not be "hearing". Don't "smell", but "smell", not only a few times, but also a few days. Therefore, the author's satirical intention is implicit, indirect and accurate.

Zhang Tianjue, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once commented on the satirical cloud of poetry: "Satire should not be in full bloom, and anger will show bones and muscles." ("Poet Jade Scrap" Volume 9 quotes) Du Fu's poem contains rigidity in softness, hides needles in cotton, irony in flattery, implication, persuasion without ill words, which is just right. As Yang Lun commented, "It's like flattery and satire. The so-called speaker is not guilty, and the listener is warned. " Such a quatrain, how to reduce the dragon mark (Wang Changling) and sacrifice (Li Bai). "("Du Shi Jing Quan ")