Long, long ago, wuyue's ancestors were revered by the people of Zhu Xia because of their powerful fighting capacity. However, after a long period of historical changes, this kind of martial arts has quietly disappeared. Even newcomers hundreds of years later feel that they are facing different people.
So, where did all those brave ancestors of wuyue go?
Vietnam times
In its heyday, Wu was the pinnacle of wuyue Wushu.
After the death of Gou Jian, the king of Yue, members of the Wu royal family were killed or exiled to the north. Later, the main source of Wu surname was the conquered Wu nationality. But from the beginning, the people of Wu were similar to the customs of Yue people, so the bottom remained unchanged. Population exchange and intermarriage between the two sides began to become frequent.
However, from the archaeological remains, the remains of Wu culture and Vietnamese culture have become limited. This shows that primitive ancestors began to disperse after Wu's death. An important destination is to visit the new territory of Vietnam and participate in the king's northern rule.
Gou Jian's success was the beginning of the decline of militarism in wuyue.
Gou Jian, who just replaced Fuxi, did not enjoy the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou-Jiahu Plain immediately. After coordinating diplomatic relations with Chu and Lu, the coastal line and Huai-Si river basin expanded, crossing the Huaihe River in the north and joining the Qi-Jin Alliance in Xuzhou. In the 39 years with Langya as its capital, Vietnam and Qilu went to war one after another, destroying foreigners, Teng, Tan and Ju.
As the center of gravity of Yue moved northward, the capital gradually approached the territory of Qi. On the contrary, there are no original porcelain, Yue bronzes and other cultural products with Yue cultural characteristics in Wu's hometown. But in Lianyungang, there were many stone tombs in the early Warring States period.
Vietnam has devoted most of its resources and energy to the struggle for hegemony in the north.
Chu period
The expansion of Vietnam was finally defeated by the Chu people.
At the same time, Chu who was almost strangled by Wu came back to life. As in the past, Wen Zhong, an aristocratic talent of the State of Wu, and his descendants, the exiled gold aristocrat, became new players of wuyue hegemony. Chu still has great advantages in exporting talents in wuyue with weak cultural foundation.
After the downfall of the State of Wu, Chu Yuegua divided a part of the territory of the State of Wu. Subsequently, Chu destroyed Cai in 447 BC, and Chu occupied the area between Jianghuai. In 306 BC, the king of Chu sent troops to defeat the king of Yue, and the whole country of Yue was torn apart. The State of Chu took this opportunity to invade the territory of the State of Wu and let the King of Yue stand on his own feet. They were called Zhu Yue by the Chu people.
Before the end of the pre-Qin Dynasty, Chu maintained its overall advantage over wuyue.
With the gradual loss of Hanzhong, Bashu and even Yin Ying in Jianghan Plain in the west, a large number of Chu nobles began to move eastward collectively. Chu Dajun moved his palace to the old capital of Wu, using the old palace of Wu.
From the perspective of cultural relics, the activities of Wu Yue people began to decrease obviously. Obviously, the plain was occupied by the Chu people. Some Vietnamese fled to the mountains, while others moved to the south. Later, the East China Sea, Fujian and Yue Wang in the Han Dynasty were all descendants of Gou Jian, the King of Yue.
Under the oppression of the Qin Dynasty, the Chu people gradually moved eastward.
At the turn of Qin and Han dynasties
Finally, Qin Jun, who moved eastward, did not let Chu go.
Less than a hundred years after Chu conquered wuyue, the old country Yue was conquered by Qin Zheng. In 223 BC, Qin defeated Shouchun, the last capital of Chu, and conquered the south of the Yangtze River. Then surrender to the king of Baiyue.
In 2 17 BC, Dongou and Fujian and Guangdong were occupied by Qin Jun, and then large-scale ethnic immigrants headed by Qin Shihuang came here. Local heroes and six core royal families immigrated to Guanzhong. A large number of Chu people were sent to Yuyang and the northern region to guard the border, while people in the Sanjin period were used to invade South Guangdong, Fujian and Vietnam.
After entering Lingnan, he often fought against the Vietnamese.
For wuyue, the Qin Dynasty also organized large-scale population replacement and forced migration. The brutal Qin dynasty forced a large number of Vietnamese to emigrate to mountainous A.
At the same time, 30,000 people in the Central Plains were moved to Hangzhou, Jiahu and Ningshao Plain by Qin to enrich the population. These new immigrants occupy the areas with the best agricultural conditions, while the real Wuyue people hide in the mountains and fight against the fate of their families.
In fact, wuyue's ancestors also became the main force to overthrow the brutal Qin Dynasty.
At the end of the Qin Dynasty, with the uprising, Chen Sheng, barbarians and Vietnamese in the south started the uprising in the eyes of Qin people in response to the anti-Qin uprising. In the Chu army of Zhang Chu, Xiang and Liu, there are different numbers of Wu Yuebing.
Xiang Yu uprising area is close to ancient wuyue, and its core Jiangdong descendants are more complicated. The Chu people and the Central Plains people who were forced to move to wuyue, as well as the former Wu Yue people, all joined. It is these people's team that became the elite who defeated the main force of Qin in the battle of the road. Later, until the Wu Chu Uprising, the great soldier Zhou Yafu also commented that it was a very sharp and arduous front!
There are also many Wu people in the main force of the Seven-Power Allied Forces.
Different routes in Han dynasty
In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, other Wuyue people in Wang Zhonghe became Changsha kings.
For example, Wu Rui, the son of Prince Wu Yanling, was made King of Changsha. He belongs to Wu and Yue people, and his fief is far from the Central Plains, which has the function of balancing South Guangdong. So Wu Ruicheng was the only half king who died well in the early Han Dynasty.
In addition, Lian ao was named Duan Hou and was sealed in Heze, Shandong Province. Qi Hou shook me, and I was stuck in Luanxian County. These people also took Yue to the temple in the north. The Vietnamese lived in Banpu area of Hedong, and some of them entered Guanzhong to provide Vietnamese troops for Chang 'an. They also participated in the border war in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, among the folk beliefs in Dunhuang in the Tang Dynasty, there is also the "July God" from July.
Wuyue cavalry was also very important in the Han Dynasty.
During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, because of dissatisfaction with the assassination of Wu Ying in exile in Dongou, Fujian and Vietnam sent troops to besiege Dongou. Because the reinforcements of the Han army did not arrive, Wu Dong finally chose to move the capital, and the Han army settled in Lujiang County in Jianghuai area.
At that time, another Vietnamese regime was East Vietnam. Nineteen years ago, Dongyue established himself as emperor. Before it surrendered to South Korea, it was killed by Vietnamese Golden Gun and General Min Yue. After rewarding a group of Vietnamese for their military achievements, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, taking into account the difficulties with Dongyue people, immigrated Dongyue people to the mainland and asked them to move to Shouchun and other Chu cultural areas in Hefei. Therefore, throughout the Han Dynasty, the customs of these areas were similar to those of the Yue people. This is also the third largest immigrant in Vietnamese history.
Dongyue and Min Yue in the Western Han Dynasty were the reservations of Wuyue people.
three kingdoms period
The yellow turban insurrectionary army caused new population migration.
After the Yellow Scarf Army uprising broke out at the end of Han Dynasty, although Jiangnan was not fully developed, it attracted a large number of northerners to go south because it was far from the core of the war.
In A.D. 195, Sun Ce Group chose to go south to Jiangdong and occupied five counties of Wu and Huiji. In addition to the family backbone, Cheng Pu, Huang Gai, Zhou Yu and Lv Meng are all northerners. About half of the 60 famous Wudong officials in the Three Kingdoms period were northerners. During this period, ordinary people from the north entered Wu in large numbers. They have also become the most popular names in Wuzhong.
Most of the backbone of Wu Dong Group are northerners.
The aristocratic families in the Southern Dynasties can be roughly divided into county families, overseas Chinese families, Lu families and Wu families. Wu surnamed Lu, Gu, Zhu and Zhang. Among them, only Gu Jia is indigenous, a descendant of the royal branch of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, and belongs to Gu Jia. The rest of the extended families are descendants of northerners from all over the country.
After three great migrations, the Yue people in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian and Jiangxi still stubbornly retained their ancestral habits in the pre-Qin period. During the Three Kingdoms period, from the geographical distribution of mountain climbing, such incidents mostly occurred in Danyang, Wu, Huiji, Poyang, Luling, Linchuan, Jian 'an, Xindu, Dongyang and Dong 'an counties. Among them, Xindu,
These people will never leave the mountains. It is not only good at martial arts, but also powerful. Patriarchal departments often live together. Although it is also qualified to cast copper cast iron, its level is slightly lower than that of northerners.
During the Wu Dong period of the Three Kingdoms, these mountains and Vietnam were important ways for General Wu Dong to supplement the army. Almost every major general Wu Dong has won the ranks and military songs of Shan and Vietnam. Famous mountain warriors such as Zulang, Yan Baihu, Zhanfei, Huang Luan, Jin Qi and Peng Qi recorded in Historical Records all have more than a dozen surnames. Emma Wu Dong people's great song "Taishi Ci" once lived on this mountain.
Vietnamese played an important role in Wu Dong's army.
After decades of conquest by Sun Wu, most mountainous areas in the south of the Yangtze River were forced to leave the mountainous areas and move to the flat land. Part of the population was used to supplement the army, and part of it became the Wu regime where farmers cultivated and paid land rent. Although Cao Wei's cavalry was very strong in the land war, he still lamented that the south was good and the north was difficult, but he hoped to be in the east with 10 troops.
Later, Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, asked why Wu Dong could not be pacified for a long time. The answer he got was: Wu people were light and sharp, and Wu blocked the Yangtze River. In the old society, Wu was commonly known as Meng. This kind of record, as well as the good fighting of the mountain people, is in the same strain as the pre-Qin period.
Without the wuyue water army, there would be no victory for Battle of Red Cliffs.
Despite the Yongjia Rebellion, a large number of northerners moved south, but wuyue natives still "plow for fire, fish and rice for business, fish and hunt for business, believe in ghosts and gods and work as prostitutes". They die, fight and cheat. On May 5 every year, there is still a fighting competition to practice martial arts and train soldiers.
However, with the southward migration of aristocratic families and clans, the lifestyle they advocated was characterized by ease and tranquility, and non-bloodthirsty culture prevailed. For example, Wang Dao's eldest son Chongwen is very polite, and his second son Wang Tian likes martial arts. As a result, Wang Dao was very happy to see her eldest son and very angry to see Wang Tian. Whether it is the Battle of Feishui or Emperor Wu of Song's Northern Expedition, the northern government soldiers organized by exiled northerners are the main force. In the process of suppressing the uprising in Sun En, Emperor Wu of Song also commented that Wu people could not practice martial arts. If they come forward, they will definitely miss the northerners' grand meeting. You'd better let the people behind you refuel after the battle.
During the Southern Dynasties, nobles showed great cowardice and cowardice.
By the Qi and Liang Dynasties, the fighting spirit of Wu Yue people had disappeared. At the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wuyue could organize local defense independently and even explore the Central Plains in the north. However, refugees from the north will soon be needed to defend this territory, and this situation will be difficult to reverse in the future.
Whether the Northern Wei Dynasty moved south or the Beijing Rebellion in the later period, the vulnerability of the Wu people was easily attacked by the northern cavalry. Therefore, after the Sui Dynasty pacified Jiangnan, northerners recalled the heroic battles of Wu people in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. Their conclusion is that the local customs have changed since cremation moved to wuyue. It makes people simple and frugal, and believes in etiquette and Taoism.
Since the Southern Dynasties, wuyue gradually relied on the protection of the northern army.
Fall to the lowest point
The economic center of the Tang Dynasty moved southward, which completely strengthened the literary weakness of Wu and Yue people.
Since then, after the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, wuyue's hegemony has become a distant pre-Qin legend. In the eyes of scholars, the splendid land is simply two worlds. After the Anshi Rebellion, the economic center moved south, which further accelerated the disappearance of wuyue's fighting power.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, although the folk customs in some areas were still tenacious, the blood and culture of the ancestors of Wu Yue were greatly diluted. From the hardships of Zhuan Xu stabbing Liao Wang, Wang Wubei and Gou Jian in the pre-Qin period to the champion of Gusu literature in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Wuyue's ancient war style has become a historical relic. Ther
In short, after the death of Wu, the people of the lower Wu and Yue merged. However, after being destroyed by Chu, the Chu people entered Hangjiahu and Ningshao Plain, and the Vietnamese people retreated to the mountains or further south. During the Han Wudong period, the new immigrant groups from the north kept accumulating and overlapping, while in the pre-Qin period, some descendants of Wuyue people, namely Yueshan people, were gradually conquered or merged under the rule of Wudong. The change of folk customs is related to the development of economy and the improvement of aristocratic lifestyle.
Therefore, wuyue needs the protection of the northern exiles from being able to explore the Central Plains independently, from being able to organize seven countries to resist the centralized order in Guanzhong, and completely losing its ability to protect itself. That's really a pity.