The emperor enfeoffed the princes, and the princes enfeoffed the Qing doctors, then enfeoffed the Qing doctors, and then enfeoffed them one by one, forming a hierarchical society. Although the world was unified and the enfeoffment system was eliminated, the people affected by the enfeoffment system did not disappear. Although the six countries perished and the governors disappeared, the former governors, Qing Dafu and scholars of the six eastern countries were not wiped out, or became officials of the State of Qin due to military exploits, or were lost.
First, the first peasant uprising in history.
Textbooks tell us that the first peasant uprising in the history of China occurred after the death of Qin Shihuang. In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Guangwu led an uprising in Daze Township, and Chen Sheng and Guangwu led 900 defenders who went to Yuyang to launch an armed uprising against Qin, which triggered a vigorous three-year war against Qin. Because Chen Sheng, Guangwu and the uprising were mainly poor peasants, they were called peasant uprisings.
1, the identity of Bobby Chen and Guangwu.
According to historical records, Chen Sheng and Guangwu were 900 guards. According to ancient times, five people are companions, ten people are why, five people are cars, and a hundred people are generals. There are 50 captains under the chariot, in addition, there are two Qin chiefs accompanying 900 guards. These two men were later killed by Guangwu, and then Chen Sheng and Guangwu basically controlled 900 people. According to the Qin army,
The history books don't say that Chen Sheng and Guangwu are farmers. Only when Bobby Chen was young, he was hired to plow the fields. On a break from work, Bobby Chen also said a famous saying? If you have money, don't forget each other? Don't forget each other. For a farmer who works in the field, is it possible for a farmer to be rich in the Qin Dynasty, where military titles are the only standard of wealth? So when Bobby Chen said this, all his partners laughed at him, and then Bobby Chen said another famous saying:? Swallows know the ambition of swans? !
If Chen Sheng was really a farmer, he couldn't have said such a thing. In those days, farmers had to fight and wear corvee besides farming all their lives. It has been 15 years since the Qin dynasty unified the world. Sima Qian seems to have hinted that Chen Sheng can't be an ordinary farmer. Judging from what Bobby Chen said, he must be educated and ambitious at the same time. Even when farming, he was thinking about how to make a fortune in the future, but he was not content with the status quo. How do sparrows know the great ambition of swans? ?
In addition, Chen Sheng was a Yangcheng native, that is, a native of Shangshui, Henan Province today. Shangshui was the core area of Chen in the Spring and Autumn Period. In 478 BC, Chen was destroyed by the State of Chu, and Chen was incorporated into the State of Chu and became its territory. Chen's monarch is Gui and Chen, and Chen Sheng is Chen, which remains to be verified.
2. The uprisings in Chen Sheng and Guangwu are full of doubts.
First of all, the reason of Chen Sheng and Guangwu uprising is a lie. According to historical records, Chen Sheng and Guangwu revolted because they didn't arrive at Yuyang garrison on time. According to Bobby Chen's statement, they will be beheaded after the deadline. However, according to the records on the bamboo slips of sleeping tiger unearthed in Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, the corvee was only reprimanded for being late for three to five days, fined for being late for six to ten days, and fined for being late for more than ten days.
That is to say, Shengzai Chen cheated 900 troops when he broke off diplomatic relations. In fact, there was no such severe punishment, and 900 troops believed it. Otherwise, they don't understand Qin's methods at all, or Chen Sheng's prestige is too high. In other words, the Daze Township Uprising launched by Chen Sheng was not forced to revolt, but actively rebelled.
Then, Chen Sheng proposed to send 900 troops to revolt in the name of Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang, and Xiang Yan, the former general of Chu. Chen Sheng also said:
The world has been ruled by the Qin Dynasty for a long time. I heard that the emperor should not be inherited by Qin Ershi, but by his eldest son Fu Su. Fu Su was sent to other places by the emperor because of his virtue. Nowadays, some people have heard that Fu Su didn't commit any crime, but he was killed by Qin Ershi, but Fu Su, an ordinary man, is dead.
Later generations read this passage of Chen Sheng, and there is nothing wrong with it at first, but think about it carefully. How did Bobby Chen know about it? Chen Sheng said this in the autumn of 209 BC, Qin Shihuang died the year before (2 10 BC), Fuxi was forced to commit suicide in 2 10 BC, and Hu Hai came to power through a sand dune coup in this year. When Chen Sheng Uprising, Hu Hai, Li Si and Zhao Gao were still alive, and the Dune coup was such a secret conspiracy. How did Bobby Chen know?
Chen Sheng not only knew that it was Fu Su who succeeded to the throne, but also knew that Fu Su had remonstrated with Qin Shihuang many times, and Fu Su was sent to other places by Qin Shihuang. The most important thing is that Hu Hai forced Fu Su to die, and Chen Sheng was actually informed, just like the parties. It's terrible to think of it. How did Bobby Chen know all this? Dune coup only Hu Hai, Reese and Zhao Gao know, they can't say it. If they do, doesn't that mean denying their legitimacy? So how did Bobby Chen know?
Chen Sheng knew all about what happened in Qin Dynasty. If Sima Qian didn't tell a lie, it only means that someone in the Qin Dynasty tipped off Chen Sheng, and he still knew all the inside story. Count, they can't find anyone but Zhao Gao and Reese.
Historical Records of Chen She Aristocratic Family: Li You, the eldest son of the Prime Minister, was the commander of Sanchuan, and Chen Sheng, the thief of Chu, was the son of Cheng's neighboring county. Therefore, the thief of Chu was on a business trip and passed Sanchuan, but the city guard refused to go. I heard that the documents were in contact, and I dared to speak before I got the trial.
History records the reasons why Zhao Gao framed Prime Minister Reese. Zhao Gao said, Reese's eldest son is Sanchuan satrap, and Chen Sheng and others are fellow villagers in neighboring counties. Zhao Gao also said that Li You and Chen Sheng had correspondence. Qin Ershi also sent someone to investigate the collusion between Li You and Chen She. When Li You was finally ready to be taken into custody, Li You died in the front line and was killed by Cao Can. Sima Qian said that Zhao Gao framed Reese. This may not be the case in history, but it may be true.
It is likely that Reese felt that Zhao Gao would persecute himself at any time, and let his son Li You pass on the dune coup to Chen Sheng, hoping that Chen Sheng would use rebellion to attract the attention of Qin Ershi and Zhao Gao. According to this statement, the Chen Sheng Uprising was a conspiracy. Of course, there is no historical evidence here, just speculation.
In addition, Bobby Chen also used superstitious methods to convince people that he was destiny, such as hiding something in the belly of a fish, which read? What about Chen? Alice, send Guangwu to imitate the fox's name and shout? Chu Xing, Chen? Wait, what do you mean by superstition, including that famous slogan? The prince and the prince will be together. What kind of people would you rather have? Is this what ordinary farmers shout?
3. Uprising flags full of contradictions
The Chen Sheng Uprising was launched in the name of Fu Su, the eldest son of Qin Shihuang, and Xiang Yan, the former general of Chu. It is understandable to win the hearts and minds of Chu people under the banner of Xiang Yan, but how to understand it under the banner of Fu Cha? No matter who Fu Su is, he is the eldest son of Qin Shihuang and a member of the Daqin Empire. It is contradictory to rebel against Daqin in the name of the son of Daqin Empire.
In fact, Chen Sheng wanted to win the hearts of Chu and Qin at the same time. Chen Sheng, under the banner of Fu Su, won the support of some Qin people who sympathized with Fu Su. Although the Dune coup was secretly planned by Reese, Hu Hai and Zhao Gao, Hu Hai's accession to the throne triggered a series of killings. Not only members of the royal family were killed, such as Hu Hai's brothers and sisters, female members without inheritance rights and upright ministers, such as Feng Jie and Feng Quji. Man Wu is not stupid. Although there is no evidence, it is estimated that most people have guessed what is going on, so that Hu Hai will lose people's hearts and the murdered Fu Su will win sympathy. As soon as sympathy spread, Fu Su would make most Qin people sympathize. Bobby Chen obviously knew the news before playing the banner of Fusu, so Bobby Chen is definitely not a farmer.
I think there is another reason for this small series, that is, someone must have colluded with Chen Sheng in the Qin Dynasty, because Chen Sheng himself said that he heard the news from others. As for who he heard, there is no record in the history books, but this person is probably Li Si. Only Li Si knows how Fu Su died and the details of Fu Su. At the same time, Li Si was persecuted by Zhao Gao, whether for self-protection or by suppressing Zhao Gao with the help of external forces. Reese had both active and passive motives to release news, which became the reason why Chen Sheng opposed Qin. Otherwise, with the strength of the Qin Dynasty, how dare Chen Sheng rebel with only nine hundred people? Minutes will go out, but the Qin court fights constantly, and the emperor is fatuous, so Chen Sheng, under the banner of Fu Su, also wants to win the support of Qin like Reese.
Second, the anti-Qin uprising.
In this way, the uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty triggered by Guangwu in Chen Sheng began. But in fact, most of the main participants were former nobles of the six countries, such as Sean, whose family was a North Korean aristocrat, and also assassinated Qin Shihuang, such as Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu. They are directly following Jing Ke and other former nobles of Chu, and the descendants of the king of Chu are also nobles of Chu, because Tian Yun, Tian Rong and Tian Heng were killed by Xiang Liang in political struggle.
Let's take a look at the 18 princes of Xiang Yu, Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Qin San who enfeoffed Dong Kun. Bao, Han Cheng and Zhao Xie are all descendants of the original six royal families. Wang Tiancheng in Jiaodong, Wang Tiandu in Qi and Tianan in Jibei are all descendants of the royal family of Qi, Wu Rui is a relatively independent separatist force who surrendered to the Qin Dynasty, and Yan Zang is a prince. And they are all people with backgrounds. For example, the former guest of Wei Xinling Jun, only Liu Bang can identify himself as a farmer, but Liu Bang is surrounded by many officials of the former Qin Dynasty, such as Xiao He, Xia and so on.
After Guangwu Uprising, Chen Sheng, a nobleman of the former six countries, a descendant of the royal family and a great doctor, who lived among the people, began to take an active part in the Uprising in the late Qin Dynasty. This uprising is essentially an uprising based on the restoration of the six countries in Kanto. In fact, shortly after the uprising, the six eastern countries were successively restored. This was a patriotic movement in which the nobles of the six countries accumulated their strength for more than ten years after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, including the Daze Township Uprising in Chen Sheng and Guangdong, which was not a so-called peasant uprising in essence.
No matter from which aspect, Bobby Chen's identity is questionable. Judging from his slogan, Chen Sheng is a man of culture, and he can't be an ordinary farmer in the Qin Dynasty. Qin dynasty emphasized agriculture and restrained commerce, and at the same time did not advocate farmers' education. Shu adopted a policy of "weakening the people" in the management of farmers, limiting farmers to farming or fighting. In addition, farmers want to engage in other activities are also restricted.
Bobby Chen is not only educated, but also an ambitious man. In 16, he dared to rebel against the Qin dynasty, which only unified six countries. It takes a lot of courage. The success rate of the uprising needs to be considered Judging from the sleeping tiger bamboo slips, Chen Sheng is not desperate, but more like taking the initiative. If Chen Sheng had not learned the inside information, with the strength of Qin Jun, the resistance of 900 people would have been extinguished without a trace in minutes. It is common sense that the Chen Sheng Uprising was only one year away from the death of Qin Shihuang. When Qin Shihuang was in power, no one dared to rebel. Qin Shihuang died, and the central government of Qin Dynasty was in chaos. Chen Sheng got a chance to see the success of the uprising. Under normal circumstances, people will not be bent on dying, but will only try their best to live. This is common sense, so no matter from which aspect, the Daze Township Uprising led by Chen Sheng is not a peasant uprising.