In fact, it is not enough for students to express themselves in an active class. How to listen to others' opinions is also an important learning skill. Students listen carefully in class-listen to the teacher's lectures and classmates' speeches, so as to actively and effectively participate in the process of teaching activities, open the spark of thinking, acquire knowledge, cultivate ability and ensure the effective conduct of classroom activities. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to cultivating students' listening and communication skills, and finally make students form the habit of listening and communication.
The good habit of "listening patiently" is not innate, but needs a lot of time and ways to cultivate. Then, how to effectively guide students to learn to listen according to their age and psychological characteristics?
First of all, teachers should create a good classroom atmosphere.
1, establish a good relationship between teachers and students.
Psychologists' research shows that when students are relaxed and stress-free, they will be refreshed and full of vitality. Teachers should fully trust and respect students, and harmonious teacher-student relationship is the emotional basis for students to actively acquire knowledge. In the classroom, the emotions of teachers and students are integrated into the exploration of knowledge, and the classroom atmosphere is both serious and relaxed. Everyone thinks positively and speaks enthusiastically. Even after class, they can often ask questions around the teacher, revealing their love and desire for learning and life from their expressions and speeches.
2. Teach students how to listen.
Due to the limitation of age characteristics, students generally prefer others to listen to themselves rather than others. We can inspire students that "a good listener is often a good student who is good at thinking" and develop good listening habits. First of all, we must refine the requirements of listening, and clearly put forward that "learning to listen requires five hearts", that is, we must do it: first, we must concentrate, whether listening to the teacher or listening to the classmates, we must listen to every word spoken by the teacher or the spokesperson, and don't think about anything else in our minds; Second, be patient, don't interrupt casually, and don't express your opinion after listening to others' opinions. Third, be careful. When there are mistakes in other people's speeches, students are required to learn to evaluate their classmates' speeches so as not to repeat other people's opinions, and their own opinions should be based on other people's speeches or put forward novel opinions. Fourth, be open-minded. When others put forward different opinions from ourselves, we should be able to accept them with an open mind and correct our opinions while listening. Fifth, we should attach importance to other people's opinions, not blindly follow them, accept them selectively, and pay equal attention to "speaking", "listening" and "thinking" to promote each other. And teach students some methods: (1) Guess what the students will say. (2) Summarize students' views. (3) Think about whether what your classmate said makes sense. This is a very effective listening method. After a certain period of training, students can learn to listen before speaking, think before speaking, and truly form the habit of listening. For example, when learning a new text, let students listen to the model essay instead of reading it, and then let them tell the content of the text in their own words, praise the student who speaks well and praise him for listening carefully. In this way, it will not only greatly increase the confidence of the praised students, but also arouse the enthusiasm of other students.
3. Instruct students to listen.
Gestures or body movements can best reflect whether a student is listening. In class, the teacher should carefully guide the students' listening posture. For example, when listening to classmates, students are required to read books or teaching AIDS made by teachers, rather than looking at the faces of classmates who are talking, so as to be single-minded. If the students' answers are consistent with their own thinking, smile and nod to show approval or approval. Students form this habit, and teachers can understand the quality of students' lectures through clear observation and get immediate feedback, which is beneficial to both teachers and students.
4. The teacher showed patience to listen.
Teachers themselves must first learn to listen, listen to students' speeches and appreciate the bright spots of students' thinking. Teachers should pay attention to students' opinions and answers while asking them to listen carefully. Regardless of whether the students' answers are correct or not, when they come to a different conclusion from the teacher, the teacher should give the students a chance to express their ideas and encourage them to tell everyone. The problems in students' narration are not simple negation, but full of expectation, encouragement and wit.
Correctly and appropriately evaluating students and giving full play to the exemplary role of role models are important factors to mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and an important means to cultivate students' listening comprehension. In teaching, students should be evaluated timely and appropriately according to their learning situation. For example, "Look into this classmate's eyes. He kept looking at the teacher. How carefully he listened. " "This classmate can listen to others carefully and point out the shortcomings. We should learn from him." These infectious languages have narrowed the distance between teachers and students, created a democratic and harmonious classroom atmosphere, made the classroom present a lively and enthusiastic atmosphere, and also aroused students' interest in learning. In the cultivation of "listening", teachers should never be stingy with your praise, so that students can taste the joy of success and get the satisfaction of success. For example, I often say, "You listen most carefully, which is a sign of respect for others!" ""It's amazing that you should find such a small difference! " "You really helped him a lot by listening to his shortcomings." "You see, this classmate not only understood other people's speeches, but also added his own ideas. Well done! "... a look, a compliment, a smile, do not need to spend time and energy, but can get obvious educational effect. We should be good at discovering the bright spot of each student and encouraging them with sincere words. How can students not listen carefully in class?
The habit of students listening carefully is not formed overnight. In my usual teaching, I always seize the opportunity to solemnly emphasize that listening and speaking are equally important. Saying is to express yourself and let others understand. Listening is to respect others and understand their meaning. Say it boldly and listen attentively. Teachers appreciate students who speak actively and also like students who listen attentively. On the basis of listening carefully, they actively express their opinions. That is the best student. I often say, "Please ask other students to think about what he said when listening?" "Does anyone have anything to add?" "Who has a better idea?" Wait a minute. Only when students listen carefully to other people's answers will they not let their answers be the same as others. As long as teachers attach importance to the cultivation of students' listening habits, grasp educational opportunities and guide them in time, students can gradually develop the good habit of listening to teachers' explanations and other people's opinions.
5. Cultivate self-control and strengthen the ability of "listening"
First of all, we should pay attention to the characteristics of age groups. Self-control ability develops with the development of knowledge and practice, and has distinct age characteristics, so children cannot be required according to the requirements of adults. Preschool children are different from primary school students, primary school students are different from middle school students, and students in the lower, middle and upper grades of primary school also have their own characteristics. To cultivate self-control ability, it is necessary to step by step according to different working abilities, different levels of understanding and different practical experiences of children of different ages. Every teacher should have enough knowledge in this field, but there is no need to worry too much about it. Because the common problems of ordinary children are also the basis of our teaching. As long as we proceed from their reality, don't miss every opportunity, train strictly and persevere, our self-control ability will be gradually enhanced. For example, speak in a low voice, speak loudly, listen carefully, and work in an orderly manner. We should be sober and rational, cultivate self-awareness, let children make up their minds, strengthen self-control, pay attention to training, and form habits, thus forming excellent qualities in habits.
Second, we should be good at correcting students' bad habits in class.
In class, especially after half a class, individual students are easy to get tired and do things unrelated to their studies. For example, small moves, casual conversations with classmates and so on. However, the teaching law requires that teachers should not suspend classes at will, interrupt students' thinking, let alone act rudely, but control them flexibly, rationally and timely. We can correct students' bad habits by "hinting". This method only shifts attention to an object and will not cause other peripheral effects. 1, "Gesture Hint": When a teacher discovers that he or she is doing something unrelated to learning, he or she will make subtle and short-lived gestures to point to students who are not attentive in class, so as to achieve the purpose of correction. 2. "Eye Hint": The teacher brushes stern and expectant eyes on the students who don't attend the class, makes eye contact with them, arouses the students' vigilance, and makes her realize that the teacher is warning herself with her eyes and should restrain her words and deeds, so as to achieve the purpose of correction. 3. "Tone Hint": Teachers adopt a flexible tone, either urgent or slow, long or short, or pause slightly, according to their feelings about the teaching content, creating a temporary teaching atmosphere, which intentionally brings students a sense of loss in hearing, thus producing a strange infection effect and prompting individual students to concentrate on listening. 4. "Contact Hint": If it is controlled by the above-mentioned hint method, its attention is still unable to concentrate, so it is necessary for the teacher to walk off the platform, quietly walk up to the students who are not listening carefully in the form of a lecture tour, and gently touch his or her head to make him or her realize that the teacher knows that he or she is doing small tricks. And urged him to sit up and think in class, forcing him to listen well. In short, in the process of classroom teaching, teachers use the method of "suggestion" to correct students' bad habits in class in time. As long as it is done properly, we can get good results and do a good job in classroom teaching.
There is a famous saying: "sow an action and reap a habit;" Sow a habit and reap a character; Sow a character and reap a destiny. "It can be seen that the power of habit is enormous. The process of cultivating listening habits is a bilateral process between teachers and students. As long as teachers are good at grasping educational opportunities and guiding them in time, good habits of attending classes will be internalized into children's literacy. Learning to listen will make our classroom teaching more vivid and exciting, and let our students truly become the masters of learning.