1. Ask for a question from "Historical Records", according to the format of extracurricular classical Chinese essays for the high school entrance examination

The person who governed the army, Sima Ranju, was also a descendant of Tian Wan's Miao.

During the reign of Duke Jinggong of Qi, Jin attacked A and Zhen, while Yan invaded the river and the Qi army was defeated. Jinggong suffered from it.

Yan Ying recommended Tian Rangju and said: "Although Rangju is a concubine of the Tian family, his humanities and culture can win over others and his martial arts can intimidate the enemy. I hope you will try it." Jinggong summoned Rangju and talked with the soldiers. The matter was discussed in a big way, and he was regarded as a general and sent troops to defend the divisions of Yan and Jin.

Rangju said: "The ministers are humble. Among the people promoted by the king, they are added to the high officials. The soldiers are not attached to them. The people do not trust them. They are weak and have little power. I wish to be favored by the king and the country. "You can supervise the army, sir." Duke Jing agreed and sent Zhuang Jia to go.

Rangju made an appointment with Zhuang Jia: "We will meet at the military gate at noon on the next day." Rangju rushed to the army first and set up a table to wait for Jia.

Jia Su was proud and not in a hurry. His relatives sent him around and kept him for a drink. Jia will not arrive in the middle of the day.

Rangju Zebu voted for leakage, entered, marched and reined in the troops, and declared restraint. In the evening, Zhuangjia arrived.

Rangju said: "What is the next step?" Jia Xie said: "I don't want to be sent to you by relatives of the doctor, so I keep it." Rangju said: "On the day when you are about to receive orders, you will forget your home, and when you are restrained by the army, you will If you forget about your relatives, you will forget about yourself when you are in need of help.

Now that the enemy is deeply invaded, you cannot sleep well and cannot eat well. The lives of the people are all hanging on you. What does it mean to send the army to you? He asked: "What do you think of the one who came after the military law period?" He replied: "Behead him." Zhuang Jia was afraid and sent people to report to Duke Jing, asking for help.

In the past, there was no time to rebel, so he killed Zhuang Jia to favor the three armies. Soldiers have their own homes, wells and stoves, food and drink, medical consultations, and medicine, and they care for themselves and follow them.

It is understood that the general's rations are taken to enjoy the soldiers, and the rations are divided equally between the soldiers and the soldiers, and the most frail and weak ones are compared with them. After three days, the troops were reined in.

All sick people seek action and strive to fight for it. When Master Jin heard about it, he stopped. When Master Yan heard about it, he crossed the water and solved it.

So he pursued him, took his old place inside the seal and led his troops back. (Selected from "Historical Records·Biography of Sima Ranju", with abridgements) 1. Regarding the explanation of the underlined words in the following sentences, the wrong one is A. The doctor was not a gift from his relatives.

Buyi: not talented, self-effacing words. B. The lives of the people depend on you.

Hang: concern. C. March and rein in the troops.

Le: Rectify. D. Soldiers are housed next to each other.

Times: stationed. 2. Compare the meanings of the dotted words in the following two sets of sentences. The correct one is that he then beheaded Zhuang Jia in favor of the three armies and declared restraint. He thought that the general came to restrain the army. A. The two characters "Yi" are the same. The "constraints" are different.

B. The two words "Yi" are the same, and the two "constraints" are also the same. C. The two words "yi" are different, and the two words "restraint" are the same.

D. The two words "Yi" are different, and the two "constraints" are also different. 3. The word "zhi" in the sentence "Master Yan heard it, crossed the water and solved it" refers to A. Master Jin heard it, and left.

B. All sick people seek action and strive to fight for it. C. Take advantage of the general's resources and enjoy the soldiers.

D. Kill Zhuang Jia to favor the three armies. 4. The following sentences are divided into four groups. Judging from the semantic relationship between the words before and after "/", the same group is ① Jin conquered A and Zhen, / and Yan invaded the river.

②Although Rangju is a concubine of the Tian family,/he is capable of attracting people with his humanity and intimidating his enemies with his martial arts. ③The minister is of humble nature, and he is promoted by the king to be above the officials.

④Now the enemy country is deeply invaded, / Your sleep is restless, and your food is not satisfying. A.①④ B.①③ C.②③ D.③④The correct meaning of the sentences in questions 5 and 6 below in the text is 5.① and the language of military affairs.

②What does it mean to send each other off? A. ① Let him participate in discussing military affairs. ②Why bother saying goodbye to me? B. ① Let him participate in discussing military affairs.

②What should I say to see you off? C. ① Talk to him about military affairs. ②What should I say to see you off? D. ① Talk to him about military affairs.

②Why bother saying goodbye to me? 6. ① Leaking under the vertical meter. ② Follow it by caressing yourself.

A. ① Stand under the wooden watch and observe the timing of the clepsydra. ② Comfort and comfort the soldiers in person.

B. ① A wooden watch and a clepsydra are installed for timing. ② Comfort and comfort the soldiers in person.

C. ① A wooden watch and a clepsydra are installed for timing. ② Comfort and reward the soldiers in person.

D. ① Stand under the wooden watch and observe the timing of the clepsydra. ② Comfort and reward the soldiers in person.

7. The following sentences are organized into four groups, all of which express Rangju's ability to "attach people" and "power enemies". The group is ① Wish to be favored by the king, respected by the country, and to supervise the army. ② If you are in a hurry to help the drums, you will forget about yourself.

③The body and the soldiers should share the food equally. ④ (The sick person) fights hard to fight for him.

⑤ Master Yan heard about it and solved it by crossing the water. ⑥Then he took his old place in the feudal land and led his troops back.

A.①②⑤ B.①④⑥ C.②③④ D.③⑤⑥8. The one of the following statements that fits the meaning of the original text is A. Ranju came from a humble background, but in times of national crisis, he stood up and took the tassel to fight against the enemy. The spirit of "I dare not forget to worry about my country despite my humble position".

B. Rangju was very strategic and asked the king's favorite minister to serve as a supervisor. He also disobeyed the king's order and beheaded him, so as to gain the support of the people and establish his authority.

C. Rangju was considerate of his subordinates, showed kindness and power at the same time, and took the lead. He defeated the Jin and Yan troops in one battle and restored "the lost land within the seal". D. Yan Ying recognized the talents and recommended them, and the King of Qi was able to accept the advice and appoint talents, so that Rangju's talents could be brought into full play, and the enemy's army was defeated before the battle.

1.B2.D3.B4.C5.C6.B7.D8.D. 2. 30 extracurricular classical Chinese essays and answers

1. "Poems, paintings, and calligraphy all value people" (Wang Shizhen) (Weifang City Secondary School Admissions Examination in 2002) It has been said that poetry, calligraphy, and painting all value people, Su , Huang's ink has been passed down to this day, and each word is gold①; Zhangdun, Jing, and Bian② are not Gongshu, and later generations regard it as dirt, and a penny is not straight.

Uncle Yong said that all the people in ancient times were able to write, but the sages of their own were passed down far and wide. Although Yan Lugong ④ was not good at writing, future generations will definitely treasure it. It is not a unique book. . Poetry and prose all belong to this category.

(Selected from "Appreciation of Leisure Essays of the Ming and Qing Dynasties") Notes: ① Wang Shizhen, a poet of the Qing Dynasty. ②Mean gold, good gold worth several times the value of ordinary gold.

③ Zhang Dun, Jing, and Bian, Jing refers to Cai Jing, and Bian refers to Cai Bian. The three of them were all ministers of the Northern Song Dynasty and were good at calligraphy. ④ Yan Lugong is Yan Zhenqing.

He was granted the title of Duke of Lu State and was known as "Yan Lu Gong". Gong calligraphy, self-created and integrated, has a great influence on later generations, and is known as "Yan Ti".

18. The usage of the word "ran" in the following sentences is different from the usage of "ran" in the other three sentences: ( ) (2 points) A. It means lying down relaxedly B. It belongs to poetry It's all the same C. Mixed but old D. Yellow hair hanging down and enjoying oneself 19. Explain the dotted words in the following sentences. (2 points) (1) A penny cannot be straight: (2) A must-have treasure for future generations: 20. Translate the following sentences.

(4 points) (1) Translation based on the excrement of later generations: (2) Everyone in ancient times was able to write, but only the sage Chuan Suiyuan’s translation: 21. The following understanding of the article One of the errors in the analysis is ( ) (2 points) A. The author believes that whether poems, articles, calligraphy, and paintings are valued by others is related to people's character. B. The author believes that the calligraphy and painting works of Su Shi and Huang Tingjian have been handed down not only because of their high skills.

C. The author believes that Zhang Dun, Cai Jing, Cai Bian and others are also people who are good at calligraphy. D. The author believes that Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy is actually not good, and the reason why later generations like it is because of Yan Zhenqing's good moral character.

22. Fill in the blanks. (4 points) (1) The "Su" in "Su, Huang" refers to Su Dongpo, a writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.

His poem "Shui Tiao Ge Tou·When will the bright moon come" has been sung throughout the ages. The last two sentences of ", , ." express the author's longing for and wishes for his relatives.

(2 points) (2) Yongshu, also known as Ouyang Xiu, also known as Yongshu, was a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the junior high school textbook, his "The Drunkard's Pavilion" describes the four seasons of scenery in the mountains: wild fields are fragrant and fragrant, wind and frost are noble, and there are four seasons in the mountains.

(2 points) 2. Read selected passages from classical Chinese and complete questions 4 to 13. (15 points) (Taiyuan City High School Entrance Examination Questions in 2002) [A] Guanfu Baling Shengzhuang, at a lake in Dongting.

, the vast water is endless, the morning light is overcast, and the weather is myriad. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower.

Predecessors’ descriptions have been prepared. 4 Fill in the original text on the line in paragraph (A).

(1 point) The content described in paragraph 5 (A) is (1 point) 6 "Hui" in "Zhaohui Xiyin", which means (1 point) 7 Please write two sentences about junior high school lessons For the famous ancient poem lines that I have learned that contain the word "Ya", it is required that the "Ya" in the sentence has the same meaning as the "Ya" in paragraph (A) of "Heng Wujiya". (2 points) Answer: [B] The more I hear about it, the more sad I become.

Confucius said: "A harsh government is as fierce as a tiger." I have always doubted this, but now that Chiang has seen it, I still believe it.

Woohoo: Who knows that the poison of Fu Lian is like a snake? Therefore, it is said that one can get it by observing people's demeanor. Paragraph 8 (B) quotes Confucius' famous saying: "A harsh government is fiercer than a tiger."

Confucius also has a famous saying about learning methods. Please write down a sentence you have learned in junior high school class. (1 point) Answer: 9 Paragraph (B) contains the main sentence of the article "Snake Catcher's Theory". Please explain its meaning in modern Chinese.

(2 points) Answer: 10 The word "guan" in "Now I will observe it with Jiang" in paragraph (b) has the same meaning as the word "guan" in the sentence in paragraph (a). (1 point) [C] A horse that travels a thousand miles can eat as much grain or stone as it eats.

Those who eat horses don’t know that they can travel thousands of miles to eat. Although this horse can run a thousand-mile, it is not full of food, lacks strength, and its talent and beauty are not visible, and it is impossible to be as good as an ordinary horse. How can you expect it to be able to run a thousand-mile? 11 Please connect paragraph (C) with the full text and write the main theme sentence of "Horse Theory".

(1 point) Answer: 12 Write two famous ancient poems containing the word "see" that you have learned in junior high school classes. The "see" in them is the same as the "see" in the underlined sentence in paragraph (C). "The usage is the same. (2 points) Answer: 13 In relation to today’s real life, please change your perspective and talk about your views on talent issues.

(3 points) Answer: 3. With the help of notes and reference books, read "Frustrated Reading and Intensive Thoughts", understand the general idea, and then answer the questions.

(7 points) Reading Tips: Zhu Xi was a famous philosopher and educator in ancient my country. He had rich experience in scholarship and lectures.

"Reading thoroughly and thinking deeply" is a reading method summarized by the author by absorbing the reading experience of his predecessors. It still has reference significance today. Although the article is in classical Chinese, it is clear, easy to understand and catchy to read.

Thoughts on Familiar Reading (Excerpt) □ Zhu Xi (High School Entrance Examination in Yichang City, Hubei Province, 2002) When studying, you must straighten out a few cases, keep the ring straight, put the books neatly, straighten the body, and read the books carefully. ①Look at the characters, and ②break them down and read them clearly. It is necessary to read every word loudly, not to miss a word, not to miss a word, not to add a word, not to miss a word, and not to force it into a secret memory③. It just needs to be recited several times so that it will be naturally catchy and will not be forgotten for a long time.

The ancients said, "After reading a book a thousand times, its meaning will be apparent to you." If you are familiar with it, you will know its meaning by yourself without any explanation.

Yu Chang said that there are three ways to read, namely the heart, A and B. If the mind is not here, then the eyes will not look carefully. The mind will not be single-minded, but will only read rambles. It will never be memorized, and it will not be memorized for a long time.

Among the three, the most urgent one is ⑤. Now that the heart is there, won’t the eyes and mouth not care? ①[Details] Be careful and calm.

②[子] corresponds to "子". The same below.

③[Forced memorization] Barely memorized. ④[Romantic] Casually.

⑤[Urgent] It’s important. 1. Annotate the pinyin for the word "jian" in "Read a thousand times, and the meaning will become apparent".

(1 point) ________2. Among the classical Chinese words we have learned, which other words have the same meaning as the word "yu" dotted in the article? Please write one. (1 point)_____________3. According to the context, fill in one word in each of the two boxes A and B in the text.

(1 point) ______ _ _________4. Write the general meaning of the sentence "It doesn't need explanation, you know its meaning by yourself". (2 points)_______________________________________________________________ 5. You must be good at accumulation when reading.

The ancients had many famous sayings about reading. Have you accumulated them? Please write any sentence. (2 points)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Read the next. 3. Looking for 10 junior high school extracurricular classical Chinese essays

Junior high school extracurricular classical Chinese reading (1) Chinese language group 1 of Qiaolin Middle School in Pukou District, "Zhao Xiang Zhuxueyu" Zhao Xiangzhuxueyu Yu Ziqi①, Erer and Ziqi chases ②, three Yi horses and three queens ③.

Master Xiang said: "My master taught me how to control, but my skills have not been exhausted." He replied: "My skills have been exhausted, but if I use them, I will overdo it.

The most valuable thing about control is , the horse's body is at ease with the chariot, and the human mind is attuned to the horse, and then it can pursue the distance. Now the emperor wants to speed up his ministers, but he is afraid of catching him first.

If you do not go first, you will catch him. Yes. The first and the last are all concerned with the ministers, so why should the king be the queen?"

Introduction: Prince Qi taught Zhao Xiang how to be a master, and specifically pointed out: "Everything that is important to the emperor is valuable. , The horse's body is at ease with the car, and the human mind is attuned to the horse, and then it can catch up with the speed. "In fact, this is true for everything we do, we must concentrate on it and have a clear goal.

Notes: ① Zhao Xiangzhu: Zhao Xiangzi. Royal: driving.

Prince Qi: A person who was good at driving in ancient times. ②Chasing: chasing, here refers to driving and horse racing.

③Easy: Replacement. After: the locative noun is used as a verb, backward.

④ Tune: Harmony. ⑤Lure: guide.

⑥This...so: This is the reason for.... 1. Words with added points for explanation 1. Zhao Xiang studied imperial studies in the prince's period ( ) 2. His skills are not yet complete ( ) 3. First, he is afraid of being caught by his ministers ( ) 4. The husband is tempted to fight for distance ( ) 2. Translation 1. The skill has been exhausted, and if you use it too much, you can tune the human heart to the horse, and then you can chase the speed and reach the distance. The heart is all in the minister, so why should you tune the horse? Why do you think King Zhao Xiang fell behind? Do you agree with Wang Ziqi's view? "The Old Horse Knows the Way" Guan Zhong and Xi Peng followed Yu Huan Gong to cut down the lonely bamboo①. Spring went and winter reversed, and they were confused and lost their way②.

Guan Zhong said: "The wisdom of the old horse can be used." He let the old horse go and followed him, and he achieved the Tao.

There is no water in the mountains. Xi Peng said: "Ants live in the sun of the mountain in winter and in the shade of the mountain in summer. There is water within an inch of ant soil." So he dug ③ ground and got water.

Introduction: Everything in nature has its own unique personality. If people are good at learning from nature, then everything can be used for our benefit and benefit mankind. Notes: ① Guan Zhong and Xi (xī) Peng: They were both ministers at the time of Duke Huan of Qi, and helped Duke Huan achieve his hegemony.

Lone Bamboo: the name of an ancient country. ②Confused and lost track: Lost and unable to find the way back.

③dig: dig. The added words for explanation are: spring goes and winter reverses ( ) to confuse people and lose the way ( ) and then get water ( ) to translate Guan Zhong said: “The old horse’s wisdom can be used.

"

Ants live in the sun of the mountains in winter and in the shadows of the mountains in summer. The story in the article is the origin of the idiom. Now it is a metaphor. Reference answers: Junior high school extracurricular classical Chinese reading (1) (1), Zhao Xiangzhu Xueyu's full text translation: Master Zhao Xiang learned to drive from Wang Ziqi. Not long after he learned it, he started a driving competition with Wang Ziqi. He changed horses three times and fell behind three times.

Master Zhao Xiang said, "Teach me how to drive." He didn't teach me all the techniques. Wang Ziqi replied: "I have taught you all the techniques, but you made a mistake when using them."

When driving a horse race, the most important thing is that the horse is comfortable and smooth in the car. The human spirit and the horse are in harmony, so that they can catch up with the faster runner and reach the distant destination. Now you want to catch up with me when you are behind, but you are afraid of being caught up by me when you are ahead.

In fact, when you are riding a horse on the road and competing for a long distance, you are either ahead or behind. Regardless of whether you are ahead or behind, your energy is concentrated on me. How can you be in harmony with the horse? That's why you're behind. "1. To 2. To exhaust 3. To be 4. To pronounce words 2. 1. The technology has been taught to you, (but you) made mistakes when using it.

2. The human spirit and Only when the horse is in harmony can you catch up with the faster one and reach the distant destination. 3. No matter whether you are ahead or behind, your energy is focused on me. How can you be in harmony with the horse? 3. Driving carefully? The human spirit is in harmony with the horse, and the focus is on the destination ahead, but Zhao Xiangzhu focuses on Wang Ziqi.

In fact, the same principle applies to everything. p>

(2) Full text translation of Lao Ma Knows the Way: Guan Zhong and Xi Peng followed Duke Huan of Qi to conquer the Guzhu Kingdom. They set off in the spring and returned in the winter. They lost their way and could not find their way back. Guan Zhong said: "Old Ma's wisdom can help. use. "

So he let go of the old horse, and the team followed behind, and finally found their way back. When they walked into the mountains, they couldn't find water to drink. Xi Peng said: "Ants live in the south of the mountains in winter and in summer. On the north side of the mountain, if the soil on the ant nest is one inch high, there will be water seven or eight feet below. "

So I dug according to this and found the water. 1. 1. Pass "return", return 2. Road 3. Find 2. 1. Guan Zhong said: "The wisdom of the old horse can be used. ”

2. Ants live on the south side of the mountain in winter and on the north side of the mountain in summer. 3. Old horses know the way and have experience and can lead novices to work. Junior high school extracurricular classical Chinese reading (2) Chinese language group of Qiaolin Middle School in Pukou District 1. "Scholars make four mistakes" ① Scholars make four mistakes ② , and teachers must know them

When people learn, they may make many mistakes ③ , they may make few mistakes, they may make mistakes easily, and they may make mistakes easily. Then stop ④. These four things are not the same.

If you know your heart, you can save it. If you teach it, you can save it.

Notes: ① Selected from "Book of Rites·Xue Ji". ② Failure: fault, shortcoming.

③ Loss leads to too much: meaning, failure comes from learning too much. ④ Stop: encounter. Stop when you get into trouble.

⑤ Different minds: different minds. Reading training: 1. Explain the dotted words in the sentence

(1), or. If you lose, you will get more (2), then you can save the person who lost, ________ (3), or if you lose, it will be easy_______________ (4), if you become good, you can save the person who lost, also 2. "Zhi" and the other three items in the following sentences The difference in usage is ( ) A. Teachers must know it B. Even if they learn from it C. These four have different minds D. Learn and practice 3. Translate the following sentences in modern Chinese (1). , Scholars have four mistakes, and teachers must know them.

(2) If you know your heart, you can save your mistakes. (3) Those who teach can save their mistakes.

2. "Yang Bu Beats the Dog" Yang Zhu's brother said that the cloth came out in plain clothes. When it rained, the plain clothes turned out to be reversed.

The dog didn't know. , greeted him and barked. Yang Bu was angry and was about to pounce on him. If someone asks you, your dog goes away white and comes back black, how can it not be strange? ” Notes: ①缁衣: black clothes.

② Jushi: like this. ③Shi: if.

Reading training 1. The usage of “之” highlighted below and others The difference is ( ) A. Yang Zhu’s younger brother said Bu B. Ying Ying barked C. Lotus, the gentleman of flowers D. The sound of pulling and collapsing in the middle 2. Explain the following highlighted words (1). Clothes. The plain clothes come out _______________ (2), the clothes are pure and the clothes are turned back _______________ (3), the son is still the same. 3. Translate the sentence

(1) The son is still alive, the son is still the same. That's right. (2) Asking for help: 4. Asking for an extracurricular classical Chinese article (second grade)

Cao Chongzhi rescued Taizu (referring to Cao Cao) with his saddle in the treasury. Rat bites.

The treasurer was afraid that he would die, and he wanted to be punished face to face. "Stay for three days, and then (after that) return (surrender). ”

Chong Su (equivalent to “Su” in modern Chinese) pierces (pierces) the unlined garments with a knife like a rat gnaws, the absurd (lie) is frustrated (there is something unhappy in the heart), the appearance There is a sad look.

When Taizu asked about it, he replied: "The common people (ordinary people in the world) believe that if a rat gnaws on one's clothes, the owner will be unlucky.

Nowadays, if one sees a rat gnawing on one's clothes, he is worried. Sadness). Taizu said: "This is just nonsense, and there is no need for suffering (sorrow). ”

A while later, the treasurer heard about it (reporting it) with his grip on the saddle. Taizu laughed and said: "My son's clothes are on the side (side), and they are still (still) gripping. Kuang'an County ( Same as "hanging") Zhu? "No questions (no investigation at all). (Selected from "Three Kingdoms") ① Taizu's saddle was in the warehouse and was bitten by rats: Cao Cao's saddle was placed in the warehouse and was bitten by rats.

("为..." means passive.) ② Today my single garment is bitten by a mouse, so I feel sad: Now (my) single garment is bitten by a mouse, so I feel sad.

("See" means passive.) The more the better (referring to Liu Bang) Taste (Zeng) calmly (casually) and Xin (Han Xin) Yan (comment) Can all the generals (generals) do (no, Same as "no".

Talented or not talented), each has its own differences (ci, different levels). The superior asked: "How much can I command?" Xin said: "Your Majesty can only command a hundred thousand."

The superior said: "How is it for you?" Said: "The more ministers, the better." Shang smiled and said, "The more the better, why are you a bird for me?" Xin said: "Your Majesty cannot lead troops, but good generals (generals), This is the reason why the letter was (captured) by Your Majesty."

(Selected from "Historical Records") ① The more the better, what is it for me? Bird: The more, the better. Why did I catch you? (This is a passive sentence); ② Your Majesty cannot command troops, but is good at generals. This is the reason why Xin is your Majesty: You cannot command soldiers, but you are good at commanding generals. This is the reason why I was captured by you. (Passive sentence pattern).