Di Renjie was a politician in the Tang Dynasty and Wu Zhou Dynasty. He was famous for not fearing the powerful. In September of the second year of Tianshou (691), Di Renjie served as Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhangshi and became prime minister. The following is the story of Di Renjie that I have shared with you. Everyone is welcome to read and learn
Di Renjie’s life story
1. Early deeds
Di Renjie passed the Ming Jing examination in his early years Ke, served as the magistrate of Bianzhou, and later on the recommendation of Yan Liben, served as the magistrate of Bingzhou Dudufu.
Later, Di Renjie was promoted to Dali Cheng. He was upright and upright, and he enforced the law well. Within a year, he judged a large number of backlogged cases involving 17,000 people, but no one was unjustly accused, which made him famous for a while. .
2. Do one's duty faithfully
In 676 (the first year of Yifeng), Quan Shancai, the general of Weiwei on the left, and Fan Huaiyi, the general of the right prison gate, mistakenly cut down the Zhaoling cypress tree. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty They wanted to be executed, but Di Renjie believed that they should not be sentenced to death. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty said angrily: "They want me to be an unfilial son, so I must kill them." Di Renjie said: "During the Han Dynasty, someone stole the jade ring from a high temple. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty wanted to destroy his clan. Zhang Shizhi directly remonstrated: "What if? How can one be punished according to the law for stealing a handful of soil from Changling? Therefore, His Majesty's law hangs on the gate outside the palace. The law stipulates that there are different levels, and the crime is not punishable by death. They are going to die. What is the reason for this? If you accidentally cut down a cypress tree and kill two ministers, future generations will say what kind of monarch your majesty is?" Gaozong then exempted the two men from death. A few days later, Di Renjie was awarded the title of Censor.
In 679 (the first year of Tiaolu), Sinong Qing Wei Ji supervised the completion of the Suyu, Gaoshan, Shangyang and other palaces. Di Renjie impeached him on the grounds that the palaces were too magnificent, and Wei Ji was impeached. Removed from office. Soon, Di Renjie impeached Wang Benli, the doctor of Zuosi, for being domineering and domineering, and requested that he be handed over to the judicial department for trial. Emperor Gaozong issued an edict to pardon, Di Renjie said: "Although the court lacks talents, it does not lack people like Wang Benli. Why should your majesty cherish this person at the expense of the king's law? If you must pardon Wang Benli, please give me permission. Demoting him to a place where no one is around will serve as a warning to those who will be loyal in the future!" Wang Benli was punished for this.
Soon after, Di Renjie became a doctor in Chaosan, and was appointed as a doctor in Duzhi. When Emperor Gaozong went to Fenyang Palace (in today's Jingle County, Shanxi), he served as an envoy to the magistrate.
3. Governing the local area
In 686 (the second year of Chui Gong), Di Renjie was appointed as the governor of Ningzhou. During his tenure, he properly handled ethnic relations and was deeply supported. The people of Ningzhou also established an alliance with him. The monument praises. At that time, Guo Han, the censor of Youtai, inspected various prefectures and counties in Longyou and impeached a large number of officials. After arriving in Ningzhou, he saw people praising the virtues of the governor. Guo Han said to them: "As soon as you arrive in the state, you will know how the governance is." So he recommended Di Renjie to the court. Soon, Di Renjie was recruited as the Minister of Winter Affairs.
In 688 (the fourth year of Chuigong), Di Renjie served as governor of Jiangnan. At that time, there were many ancestral temples established by the people in the south of the Yangtze River. Di Renjie petitioned to burn more than 1,700 of them, leaving only four temples for Xia Yu, Wu Taibo, Jizha, and Wu Yuan. Soon, Di Renjie was appointed Wenchang Youcheng, and he was appointed as the governor of Yuzhou.
At that time, Li Zhen, the king of Yue, raised an army in Yuzhou to resist Wu Zetian. Wu Zetian failed. Six to seven hundred people were implicated, and more than 5,000 people were deprived of official status. The executioner forced Di Renjie to execute the execution. Di Renjie believed that the verdict was wrong and asked for a postponement of the execution. Then he secretly reported to Wu Zetian: "I originally wanted to report it openly, but it seems that there is a treasonous person to tell the truth; but if I understand what is If you don't say it, I'm afraid it goes against your majesty's compassion for the people of the world. These people did not commit treason of their own free will, and I hope you will have mercy on them." Wu Zetian issued an order to pardon their death penalty. Sent to Fengzhou. When the prisoners were taken to Ningzhou, the elders of Ningzhou went to the outskirts to greet them and said, "It was our Ambassador Di who saved your lives, right?" So the prisoners helped each other and cried to the stone monument erected by the people for Di Renjie. Together they fasted for three days before leaving Ningzhou. After the prisoners arrived in Fengzhou, they erected a monument for Di Renjie to praise his kindness.
At that time, Prime Minister Zhang Guangfu led his army to quell Li Zhen's rebellion. His officers and soldiers relied on their own merits and extorted money, but Di Renjie refused to listen. Zhang Guangfu said angrily: "Do you, a state official, want to neglect the marshal?" Di Renjie said: "It was only one Li Zhen who caused trouble in Henan. Now one Li Zhen has died, and tens of thousands of Li Zhen have been born again."
"Zhang Guangfu didn't understand what he meant. Di Renjie said: "You led an army of 300,000 to put down the rebellion, but you could not restrain the soldiers and condone their atrocities. Those innocent people died tragically and couldn't bear to see it. This is not the death of one Yue king and the death of thousands of Yue kings. Are you alive again? Moreover, those who were coerced to follow the King of Yue were bound to be unwilling to hold on. When the imperial army suddenly attacked, countless people abandoned the city and surrendered to the imperial court. Those who surrendered slid down the rope from the city wall. , there are paths all around the city. Why do you indulge those who are greedy for military exploits and chase and kill those who are ready to surrender? I'm afraid the voice of injustice will boil up to the sky! If I can invite Shang Fang's horse-killing sword, I will kill you, the sinner, and then I will plead guilty to the court. Even if I die, my merits will always be engraved in the hearts of the people. "Zhang Guangfu was speechless, but he held a grudge. After returning to the court, he impeached Di Renjie for his rude words. Di Renjie was demoted to the governor of Fuzhou (today's southwest of Mianyang, Hubei Province), and later became the Sima of Luozhou.
4. Falsely accused of treason
In September of 691 (the second year of Tianshou), Di Renjie was promoted to the position of Minister of Prefecture, Shangshu, and Tongfengge Luantai Pingzhangshi. Wu Zetian said to him: "When you were in Runan. , have many good political achievements, do you want to know who slandered you?" Di Renjie replied: "If your Majesty thinks I am wrong, I will correct it; if your Majesty understands that I am not at fault, this is my luck. I don't want to know who the person who slandered me is and consider him my friend. I would rather not know. "Wu Zetian was impressed.
In 692 (the first year of Changshou), Lai Junchen falsely accused Di Renjie and other ministers of treason, and arrested and imprisoned them. At that time, the law stipulated that those who admitted treason upon interrogation could have their death penalty reduced. Di Renjie was imprisoned. Afterwards, he confessed: "In the Great Zhou Revolution, everything was new, and the old officials of the Tang Dynasty were willing to be killed. This is true!" After receiving a satisfactory confession, Lai Junchen imprisoned Di Renjie and others for execution on the next day, and no longer took strict precautions. Di Renjie borrowed pen and ink from the jailer, tore off a piece of silk from the quilt, wrote about his grievances, stuffed it into his cotton coat, and sent him home.
Di Renjie's son Di Guang had no doubts. After getting the silk letter, Wu Zetian read it and asked Lai Junchen, "I didn't use any punishment after Di Renjie was imprisoned. How could I admit to treason if there were no facts?" Wu Zetian ordered people to check. , came to Junchen to forge the death penalty statement of Di Renjie and others, and asked the envoy to report it to Wu Zetian.
Wu Zetian summoned Di Renjie and asked: "Why did you admit the rebellion?" Di Renjie said: "If I didn't admit the rebellion, I would have died. Tortured. Wu Zetian asked again: "Then why did you express your gratitude to die?" Di Renjie said: "I didn't write it." "Wu Zetian asked people to take out the death form, only to find out that it was a forgery, so he ordered Di Renjie to be released and demoted to Peng Zeling. After that, Wu Chengsi repeatedly petitioned to kill Di Renjie, but Wu Zetian refused.
5. Pay homage to the prime minister again
In 696 (the first year of Long Live Tongtian), the Khitan rebelled and captured Jizhou (now Linzhang, Hebei Province). Hebei was shaken for a while. In order to stabilize the situation, Wu Zetian appointed Di Renjie as the governor of Weizhou (now Linzhang, Hebei Province). After Di Renjie took office, he changed the previous governor's practice of sending all the people into the city to repair and repair the guards, and let the people return to the fields to farm. Soon after hearing this, Di Renjie was appointed governor of Youzhou. He was awarded a purple robe and turtle belt. Wu Zetian also wrote twelve gold characters on the purple robe to commend Di Renjie's loyalty.
In 697 (the first year of Shengong), Di Renjie was promoted to Luantai Minister and Tongfeng. In the case of Geluantai Pingzhang, Dr. Yinqing Guanglu also accepted the proposal. At that time, the imperial court sent people to guard the four towns in Anxi, which caused complaints. Di Renjie expressed his dissatisfaction and suggested that the Andong Protectorate should be abolished and reestablished. As the emperor, Gao suspended the transportation of grain and grass from the south of the Yangtze River and appeased Hebei. Although the court did not adopt it, knowledgeable people believed that his opinion was correct. Soon, Di Renjie acted as the censor of Suzhengtai.
6. Please establish a crown prince
In 698 (the first year of the Holy Calendar), Wu Zetian wanted to establish Liang Wang Wu Sansi as the crown prince, and asked the prime ministers for their opinions, Di Renjie said: "I think everyone in the world still misses the Tang Dynasty. In the dynasty, if a prince is to be established, he must be the King of Luling. "Wu Zetian was furious. Later, Wu Zetian said to Di Renjie: "I dreamed that Shuanglu failed to win several games. What's the reason?" Di Renjie replied: "Shuanglu failed to win because he had no children. This is God's will. Warning Your Majesty. The prince is the foundation of the world. If the foundation is disturbed, the world will be in danger.
Who is closer between aunt and nephew, mother and son? If you establish yourself as King of Luling, then you will be worthy of enjoying the ancestral temple for a long time to come. If you think about it carefully, I have never heard of anyone devoting an aunt to the ancestral temple?" Wu Zetian realized this and sent someone to Fangzhou to meet the king of Luling, Li Xian, on the same day.
Soon, Li Xian arrived in Luoyang. Wu Zetian hid Li Xian behind the tent. , Summoned Di Renjie. Speaking of the incident with the King of Luling, Di Renjie was so earnest that he cried. Wu Zetian asked Li Xian to come out and said to Di Renjie: "Give the crown prince back to you." Di Renjie knelt down and kowtowed, and then said: "The prince is back. No one knows yet. People are talking about it. How can we make people believe it?" Wu Zetian asked Li Xian to live in Longmen and welcomed him back to the palace according to etiquette. The civil and military officials of the court and the world The people were very happy. At first, Ji Xu and Li Zhaode asked the prince to return to the palace many times, but Wu Zetian refused to agree. Only Di Renjie finally moved Wu Zetian and restored the Tang Dynasty.
In the autumn of the same year, the Turks went south to harass Hebei. Wu Zetian appointed Di Renjie as the marching marshal of Hebei Province to conquer, and asked him to take advantage of the situation. The Turks killed more than 10,000 men and women and captured them, and returned to Mobei through the Wuhui Road. Di Renjie pursued them. After failing to do so, he was later appointed as the ambassador to pacify Hebei. At that time, most of the people were coerced by the Turks. After the Turks left, they fled or hid for fear of being killed. After Di Renjie reported to the emperor, he pardoned the people of the various states in Hebei and allowed them to return to their hometowns to give birth. .
7. Later life
In 700 (the first year of Jiushi), Di Renjie entered the imperial family. Soon, Wu Zetian went to Sanyang Palace to spend the summer. At that time, a monk named Hu was invited. Wu Zetian went to visit the buried Buddha's relics, and Di Renjie knelt in front of the horse and persuaded him: "Buddha is the god of Rong Di and is not worthy of the emperor's condescension. Monk Hu was full of tricks, trying to confuse the people. Moreover, the mountain roads along the way were difficult and narrow, and could not accommodate many guards. It was not a place where the emperor should go. Wu Zetian returned in the middle and said, "I want to make Duke Di's righteousness upright." "
Wu Zetian respected Di Renjie very much. She often addressed him as the elder of the country and never called him by his first name. She refused to approve his retirement request and refused to allow him to kneel down and worship, saying: "Every time. When I see you kneeling down, my body will feel pain. " Wu Zetian also exempted Di Renjie from the obligation to be on duty in the palace at night, and warned the officials: "If there are no very important military and national affairs, don't disturb Di Renjie. "
In September of the same year, Di Renjie died of illness at the age of seventy-one. After hearing this, Wu Zetian cried: "The court is empty. "He was given the posthumous title Wenchang Right Chancellor, with the posthumous title Wenhui, and the imperial court was abolished for three days. After that, whenever there were important matters in the court that could not be decided, Wu Zetian would sigh: "Why did God take away my country elder so early? "
In 705 (the first year of Shenlong), Li Xian was restored to the throne as Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, and Di Renjie was posthumously granted the title of Sikong. After Emperor Ruizong of the Tang Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he posthumously named Di Renjie the Duke of Liang.
Di Renjie Character evaluation
General comment
Di Renjie's life can be said to be full of ups and downs in the officialdom; Di Renjie was an upright man, hated evil as much as hatred, and regarded filial piety, loyalty and honesty as great justice. An outstanding politician in the class, he cared about people's livelihood in every position he held and had outstanding political achievements. After he took the position of prime minister, he assisted the country and stabilized the country and corrected many of Wu Zetian's bad policies. Di Renjie inherited the rule of Zhenguan from above and started it from below. During the prosperous period of Kaiyuan, Wu Zetian made outstanding contributions.
Comments from past dynasties
Yan Liben: Zhong Ni said: “One knows benevolence through observation. "It can be said to be the pearl of Haiqu and the treasure of the southeast.
Lin Renji: The wise man of Di Gong, south of Beidou, is only one person.
Shi Jingtang: Di Renjie, the Duke of Liang Kingdom in Tang Dynasty, endowed with the five elements of righteousness , The nine admonitions are straight, Dingzuo is in danger and restored to peace, and the common people of Guizhou are prosperous. Hui flows to Hebei, and his reputation is high in Huanzhong. You are worthy of serving the king, and he uses his portrait to show his kindness. Jingbang holds the noble position of Zhou official; his pure soul and resolute soul rejuvenate the spiritual temple of Wei soil; he is favored and honored forever.
Liu Yu: The emperor has seven dissatisfied ministers, although they are innocent. Losing the world. After the restoration of Luling and the resurgence of Tang Dynasty, Di Gong was criticized. One person may have said: Xu Zhi was too much. The answer was: During the revolution, there were many friends and evildoers. Family, who can compare to this! A benevolent hero never evades death, and his bones are outstanding. Even if he kills innocent people when good times come, he can still live in fear of justice. Isn’t that true?
Ouyang Xiu: Empress Wu took advantage of the decline of the Tang Dynasty, used the power of killing, robbed the world, and seized the artifacts. Renjie was humiliated and loyal, and used his power to make great plans, leading Zhang and Cambodia to return to the Tang Dynasty. His achievements were so great that no one knew about them.
Therefore, Lu Wen of the Tang Dynasty praised it and said: "Take the sun from Yuyuan and wash the light of the salty pond. Hidden and teach five dragons, pinch them to fly." This is considered a famous saying in the world.
Fan Zhongyan: The Shang Dynasty had three benevolences, which could not be saved and destroyed; the Han Dynasty had four great powers, which could not be captured. Woohoo! Martial violence is like fire, Li Han is like ashes, why don't you follow me, how can you turn back! My father is sad, saving the sky from death, going against the long wind and being alone, telling the river to sail alone. The metal can be moved, but the male cannot be moved. Which one is about rigidity? The earth can move, but the male cannot be moved, which one is square! Once the senses are connected, the crowds of people will be overwhelmed by the shadows. The Son of Heaven is both a minister and an emperor, the world is now Zhou and Tang, the seven generations have been inspired, and the light has been shining down for thousands of years. Alas! Who else can be worthy of being the most sincere in the world!
Zhang Shangying: Zhuge Wuhou and Di Liang are outstanding righteous men. Wuhou's place is relatively safe, the enemy is strong, and the ruler is mediocre. There is no greater doubt than this in danger. Liang Gong was responsible for the rebellion of the Zhou and Tang Dynasties and the betrayal of the emperor. This is the most dangerous suspicion. It is difficult to be the Marquis of Wu, but it is even more difficult to be the Duke of Liang. It is said that a person is outstanding, and a real person is outstanding.
Xie Zhaozhe: Di Lianggong was a lady who had achieved success in the country; Yao Guangxiao had helped Jing Nan and had the honor of transforming the country.
Gui Youguang: The virtue of the king depends on cultivation, the livelihood of the people depends on nourishment, and the country depends on calmness. This is a loyal minister. In ancient times, if you paid money, took off your clothes, turned over the soup, spit on your face, etc., you could say you were honest. The great ones include disciples like Cao Shen, Zhou Bo, Bing Ji, Di Renjie, Guo Ziyi, Pei Du, Lu Duan, Wang Dan, and Han Qi.
Wang Fuzhi: If a minister of the country defends his master with death, but does so calmly, without losing his integrity as a minister, just like Xie An did to Huan Wen, and Di Renjie did to Wu family, how can they be overly conceited? Did you encounter the knowledge of those who want power and traitors?
Emperor Qianlong: "There were also benevolent men in my youth, but they did not realize their own prowess, but obeyed their obscurity, and believed in restoring the Tang Dynasty and taking charge of themselves. Now the Wu family has always been It would be a mistake to seize Tang Zuo and Renjie and not be able to see them again."
Cai Dongfan: In those days, those who were in power were greedy for power, and the imperial court was filthy. No one was a slave of the Wu family, except for the two Dukes Lou and Di. At the end of the day, he has a lot of fame. However, Master Lou only focused on perfection and did not know the big picture. The only person who was superior to others was Di Renjie.
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