If the rich are not insensitive, they will definitely feel that their happiness is not safe.

On the western train

Although I have written about the garbage girl and the woman who looks at the bicycle shed ... they are all about my neighborhood. When I go out, I usually fly.

I got on this special train for migrant workers, and when I looked intently, I saw people completely different from those I saw at the airport. Their expressions, clothes and eyes are completely different from mine-do I live in China after 20 years of reform and opening up?

Put your hand on the table, and it feels sticky. Lift up your sleeves and feel them stuck. Then I looked around and my eyes were cold. To them, I am an alternative. But to be honest, I really want to get close to them, but how close can I get to them? If I were their friend, I might not be able to stick to their life for a day or two.

I once said how much I want to retire early and live in the countryside. How good rural life is. I am thinking of a country like Shaoxing, where there is a river in front of the door and the room is air-conditioned. ...

Suddenly, I realized that one of my eyes was not so cold. I looked up at him and a young man was smiling at me. I really hope to have a pair of gentle eyes. Of course, I smiled back. The young man said, you'd better sit here with me. I asked, what about you? He said that his legs were swollen after sitting for too long, so he had to stand up and exercise. Then whisper to me, I know who you are.

The young man said he was sad because the train had just passed his hometown. He will go to another province as a miner. His father died in a mine accident the year before last. At that time, a person died and only 10 thousand yuan was paid. He also has a grandfather who is too old to work and a sister who is mentally ill. Now he will become a miner. He is afraid to get off and go home. He doesn't know what to tell his family.

What can an intellectual like me say when he meets such a life? How do you comfort him?

Then, he began to ask me, I heard that there are 200 thousand dead people now? I said I didn't know, as if I had heard of it, but is there a rule?

There are laws. I don't know. Suddenly I found that all the people who played poker just now stopped playing, and everyone leaned in and thought I knew the inside story. "Are the provinces different?" They care so much, is a life 20?

Ten thousand yuan; They are so concerned about whether the prices are the same among provinces.

Knowledge should be understood separately.

We go to school to learn knowledge. In fact, the word knowledge can and should be understood separately, which includes the intellectuality and knowledge of things and the knowledge of the past.

Intellectuality only knows, even only one, but not the other. Our training at school is nothing more than intellectual ability. Intellectual ability is embodied in the teacher copying some knowledge that comes to a conclusion on the blackboard and telling you to remember it. Students copy it in their notebooks and tell themselves that the exam is inevitable.

The complexity of liberal arts can't stop at knowing, especially in today's information-developed era, some common sense and some previous knowledge are almost unnecessary to be told by teachers in class.

A lot of our knowledge can actually be found by clicking a few buttons. At this time, I'm afraid I put more emphasis on knowledge. That is to say, we know one thing, how do we know it, and how do we record our knowledge through our own pens, and this recording process allows others to convey this knowledge when reading, resulting in the pleasure of reading.

Starting from this semester, I spent three or six classes talking about the word "humanity". The students were very surprised. "Humanities"

I know. I asked them what "humanity" was. The student said: "I think it is typical to say one word, people-oriented." Can you say he doesn't know? If I ask people here, I also say people-oriented, if you ask migrant workers.

People, as long as they have a little knowledge, will also say people-oriented.

What else can we tell others besides putting people first?

Aesop: The First Embodiment of Humanism

Cultural history is not a history of civilization.

At least in the west, cultural history should begin with the appearance of cuneiform writing in 3500 BC. Only with writing can cultural history appear and early cultural phenomena, such as sacrificial activities, emerge.

In the next 1000 year, there will be some traces of human culture, which are manifested in the legends of demigods and other characters born from the combination of man and god in childhood imagination. At that time, human culture sometimes took 1000 years to make a little progress.

In 500 BC, a slave Aesop was born. I personally think this is the first embodiment of human humanism. why

And then what? Think about it. In 500 BC, a slave won his freedom through thought. This is the first time in human history to win the record of freedom through the power of thought. Master Isolei is still alive.

When I was a child, I asked him, "Aesop, what do you need?" Aesop said, "Master, I want to be free!" " His master did not answer him. At that time, his master didn't want to give him freedom, and Aesop didn't know if he could get it.

Be free.

He often plays the role of telling a story to a guest at the invitation of his host. Aesop must use his own thinking ability.

To tell this story. Aesop knew that if he didn't do well, he would have no freedom at all, but if he did well, he might be free. So when Aesop was free, he was 46 years old and his master would leave soon.

When he died, he let Aesop go.

When we look at Aesop's fables in this way, we will feel warm and moved by this incident and this history. This is also the reason why later humanism put freedom first.

/kloc-in the 0/4th century, man became the protagonist of the stage.

In the14th century, a bugachu appeared. When we watch his decameron, we will feel that it is just a short story about love affair. But if we put this book on the cultural coordinates of14th century, we will know that religion, despite its early humanistic connotation, is inevitably used by the monarch.

Decameron, which appeared at this time, challenged this point, showing its significance. Then there was SARS.

In Belgium and Leonardo da Vinci, the situation changed again. Today, those of us who speak western classical literature know that Shakespeare's works are full of humanism. According to our point of view, most of Shakespeare's plays are

Kings and nobles, if there are ordinary people there, are also servants. Servants are often ridiculous supporting roles in plays. How can it be said that it is full of humanism? This is because before Shakespeare, it was performed in a play.

It's all stories of God, or children given by God. Here, after all, it is people who start to stand on the stage, and it is precisely because of this that it is humanistic.

Literature has given me kindness and sympathy.

Today we are going to see Hugo's Notre Dame de Paris. We think it is just a classic love novel. But you see, when quasimodo

When being flogged, the square in Paris was crowded with spectators, and the mounted police had to collide with people with the back of their knives and the buttocks of horses. What was Hugo's mood when he wrote this scene? He's weird.

Strange, why are there so many people watching when people like us are whipped? Get pleasure from it? This is not found in the animal kingdom. Do readers understand what this means?

I am very grateful for everything that literature has brought me. Turgenev's Mumu and Tolstoy's Dancing at Midnight left a deep impression on me.

Turgenev was born into a noble family. His grandmother is a landlady and owns a manor. He is not on good terms with her. He thinks she is a grumpy old man. There is a tall, deaf, dumb and ugly janitor in the manor.

Man, because he is deaf, dumb and ugly, other servants don't associate with him. He has a little dog named Jiang Mumu. When the landlady appeared in the manor, Jiang Mumu saw her for the first time, yelled at the landlady twice and bit the woman.

The landlord's skirt.

Turgenev's grandmother was very angry and ordered the puppy to be executed. This is the master's order, and the deaf, dumb and ugly tall servant can't help it.

But as you can imagine, this man has no affection, no love, no friendship, and his feelings with all other creatures are only those with a puppy named Jiang Mumu. But he didn't realize that he had to resist and fight for it. He can only end up

Tie a stone around the puppy's neck with tears in his eyes. He stroked the puppy, held it in his arms and put it into the river. There is a detail in this. Jiang Mumu didn't know what he was going to do when he stroked the puppy and tied a stone around its neck.

What? Look at him gently with trusting eyes.

That's why Chekhov wrote: Good people are shy when facing the eyes of dogs. Only dogs have such trust in human eyes, but people sometimes can't achieve such trust.

The midnight dance is such a story. Tolstoy was a young officer at that time, and he fell in love with the beautiful daughter of the fortress commander.

Son, the two have already talked about marriage. At midnight, the fortress held a dance. He and his young lady were walking in the castle garden when they heard a terrible cry. It turned out that in another part of the garden, the commander of the fortress was supervising a soldier.

Execute flogging. Tolstoy said to the young lady, "Can you talk to your father?" Don't say that. Enough to reflect the punishment. "The young lady said," no, why should I do that? My father is at work, and he is doing his duty. "

Responsibility ... "Young Tolstoy asked three times, and the young lady said, if you become my husband in the future, you should get used to all this, and when you hear such a cry, you should ignore it." You see, not everyone around you is.

Like this?

It's true that people around you are walking as if they didn't hear you. It is so polite for a noble lady to hold a man's arm. Tolstoy kissed the young lady's hand and said, then I have to go now. Good night to you! He turned his back and said, "God, how can I be the husband of such a woman, no matter how beautiful she is?"

If it affects my view of love, I think from now on, no matter how beautiful a woman is, if she makes me feel that her heart is like the daughter of a fortress commander or as vain as Madame Bovary, she can't confuse me. Literature gave it to me.

Why do we commemorate Hugo?

Why commemorate Hugo? Because he raised the banner of humanism. His book was written in exile, and even the laundry girl in Paris used the money saved to buy Les Miserables.

There is a scene that is particularly worth taking out: Jean Valjean was originally a criminal. Jean Valjean put those silver plates and candlesticks in.

When he was in the bag, he held a steel bar in his hand and stared at Pastor Miriel sleeping in the bed. The moonlight shone on the old man's bald head and face, and the old man slept so peacefully. If that head moves, or

If the old man sits up, he will use the steel in his hand. Jean Valjean did make a noise, but the old man slept soundly. We don't know whether Reverend Miriam is really asleep or pretending to be asleep.

When Reverend Miriam woke up in the morning, the silverware was gone, which was the only property of Reverend Miriam. The housekeeper said that they were all stolen.

Yes But Reverend Miriè re said it wasn't true. Those things belonged to them. They poor people just took what belongs to them from us. Without them, they wouldn't have these silver plates at all. it is

It is produced by poor people such as silver miners and silversmiths who dig mines.

China culture needs to make up lessons.

We often say that the economy lags behind the west and we should make up the lesson of economy, science and technology and legal awareness, but have we ever heard of making up the lesson of culture?

During the May 4th Movement, when we started the Enlightenment of Humanism, western humanism had already completed its task. Our country is making progress.

At the beginning of the humanistic enlightenment, western culture was in the period of modernism, and western literature reached the highest value of literature. It can be literature for literature's sake, art for art's sake and form for form's sake.

Even they can play literature and art. We never finished it. Although our ancients also mentioned that "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light." Humans have reached a high level, but not yet.

It has been realized in our reality. When we are in disaster, the west has already thought of post-humanitarianism, such as environmental protection and social welfare guarantee.

Once I was in France, I went to the suburbs with two old writers in the car of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. That day, there was a strong wind and raindrops floated from time to time.

There is a station wagon in front of us, and two beautiful French girls are sitting on it, constantly looking at our car from the back window. The dust rolled up by the wheels rushed to our window, and with the rain, the window was dirty. Our car wants to be a super sports car,

But the road is too narrow to cross. I asked the driver, "Can you overtake?" The driver said, "It is impolite to overtake on such a road."

Just then, the car in front stopped. A gentleman got off the bus and muttered something to our driver. Then he went back to the car and pulled over to let us pass first. I asked the driver, "What did he say to you just now?" He said, "It's unfair that our car is in front all the way!" "

And he also said, "There are my two daughters in the car. I can't let them take it for granted." This sentence made me ashamed for several days. I suddenly feel that in the consciousness of ordinary people, to what extent can self-cultivation be cultivated.

Some time ago, I met a German female doctor, Gu Siting. Once she ate noodles in a small restaurant. After China went, she said let's eat together and ordered two bowls of noodles. China students think this place is a mess, and they want to change it. Gu Siting said: "I asked for noodles and haven't paid the money yet."

Dr. China said it's okay. Let's leave now. Gu Siting said, "I have to go back and pay the money."

Where is humanity? At a high level, it is related to the fairness and justice of this country; From the simplest level, I personally never think that the humanities should not be so advanced in scholars' papers. Humanity exists in our daily life, in our interpersonal relationships, in the texture of our humanity, and in the cells of our hearts.