Class culture is the abbreviation of "class group culture". As a social group, all or part of class members have complex beliefs, values and attitudes. Class members' tendency of words and deeds, class interpersonal environment and class atmosphere are its main signs, and class wall newspaper, blackboard newspaper, activity corner and environment layout inside and outside the classroom are its materialized reflections. According to the degree of conformity with social requirements, it can be divided into class institutional culture and class non-institutional culture (including class anti-institutional culture). According to the recognition degree of class members, it can be divided into two levels: class virtual culture (culture that reflects social requirements but has not been internalized by class members, also known as pure institutional culture) and class entity culture (class actual culture, also known as quality culture). According to the concentration of class members, it can be divided into integrated class culture (all or most members of the class share the same possession) and discrete culture (class members occupy several different cultures respectively, and none of them is dominant). [ 1]

Chinese name

Class culture

Foreign name

Class culture

full name

Class group culture

classify

Integrated class culture, discrete culture

meaning

A synthesis of beliefs and values shared by members.

quick

navigate by water/air

Historical hard culture and soft culture

classify

According to the degree of concentration of class members, it can be divided into integrated class culture (all or most members of the class share the same possession) and discrete culture (class members occupy several different cultures, none of which is dominant), and according to the degree of coincidence with social requirements, it can be divided into class institutional culture and class non-institutional culture (including class anti-institutional culture). According to the recognition degree of class members, it can be divided into two levels: class virtual culture (culture that reflects social requirements but has not been internalized by class members, also known as pure institutional culture) and class entity culture (class actual culture, also known as quality culture). .

history

Waller, an American educational sociologist, discussed school culture in Sociology of Teaching (1932), which initiated the study of class culture. In 1950s and 1960s, Coleman and Clark in the United States and Hargreaves in Britain discussed youth culture and student culture types, which led to a systematic and scientific study of class culture. Since the 1970s, the empirical analysis of the interaction between school education knowledge and class, which is based on British educational sociology, has prompted the study of class culture to shift from "input-output" research to "black box research".

The so-called "culture" refers to the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in the process of social and historical development, such as literature and art, astronomy and geography, education, clothing and so on. As a class culture, it has its own extension and connotation, just like architectural culture and catering culture. First of all, it is a personality culture, which represents the image of the class and embodies the life of the class. Secondly, it is the wealth created by all the teachers and students in the class, and it is the crystallization of all the teachers and students' labor. Thirdly, class culture is a dynamic and developing systematic project, and its main body is students.

Class culture is the soul of a class and unique to each class. It has the functions of self-regulation and self-restraint. Class culture involves all kinds of people related to the class, including the relationship between students and teachers, which we used to pay more attention to, and the relationship between teachers and parents, which we easily ignored. The relationship between teachers is a joint effort, and the relationship between teachers and parents is complementary.

Class culture can be divided into "hard culture" and "soft culture". The so-called hard culture is a kind of "explicit culture", which is a tangible and visible environmental culture, that is, material culture, such as famous sayings and aphorisms on the classroom wall, portraits of heroes or world celebrities; Horseshoe-shaped, rectangular and oval tables and chairs; A painting and calligraphy gallery that displays students' painting and calligraphy art; A popular science corridor that inspires students to explore the unknown world; A "little global village" showing love; Eye-catching patterns and slogans such as class training and class style hung in front of the classroom. Soft culture is a kind of "hidden culture", including system culture, concept culture and behavior culture. Institutional culture includes all kinds of class laws and regulations, which constitutes an institutionalized legal cultural environment; Concept culture is a variety of ideas about class, students, society, life, world and values, which pervades every corner of the class and exerts a subtle influence on students. Behavioral culture is a behavioral culture triggered by systems and concepts, which is manifested in students' manners and mental outlook.

Hard culture

"hard culture" construction

Whether a class has an educational atmosphere is an important criterion to measure the quality of this class. In a class with bright windows and rich cultural atmosphere, all students will spontaneously form a strong learning atmosphere; Learn and master rich knowledge of modern science and culture; Dare to explore, dare to innovate, love labor and science; Learn to discover beauty, appreciate beauty and create beauty; Get along with classmates and teachers in good faith and cooperate with each other in a friendly way to promote and speed up the socialization of students. At the same time, it also cultivates students' moral sentiments. By strengthening the interaction between cultures, class culture subtly enables students to actively accept the influence of culture, thus constantly improving their personal realm. In such a positive, warm and harmonious environment, students will also have a strong sense of belonging, which will touch students to join the ranks of class culture construction spontaneously, so that class culture construction and student development will form a benign interaction and achieve educational success. From the ancient "Three Movements in Meng Mu" to "Those who are close to Zhu Zhechi are black" and today's "environment produces talents", all of them have proved the importance of environmental culture.

Suhomlinski once said that every wall in the classroom should have an educational function. It can be seen that for education, everything can be its favorable material. Using space resources effectively and creating a "hard culture" environment with education, openness, vividness and safety has a great positive effect on cultivating students' sentiment, activating students' thinking and integrating teachers' and students' feelings. The rules of class "hard culture" environment construction are: try to be simple and generous, suitable for students, and highlight class characteristics.

Pay attention to classroom hygiene.

A clean classroom is not cleaning, but keeping. In my usual work, I often educate students to pick up scraps of paper when they see the ground. Tables and chairs should be placed neatly, small blackboards, brooms and buckets should be placed neatly, so that every student can feel the sense of responsibility of the host-"the classroom is my home". Classroom hygiene is the foundation of class cultural environment. Only with this "foundation" can we make a contribution.

Pay attention to the layout of classroom

Some calligraphy and painting, figures, etc. (students choose) can be posted on the walls on both sides; The four corners of the classroom can be arranged as natural corner, science and technology corner, calligraphy corner and so on. The blackboard newspaper at the back should be changed frequently, and students should make their own typesetting plans; Above the blackboard in front of the classroom, you can choose a motto of the whole class. The layout of the classroom should not be chaotic, and all parts should be harmonious and unified. The best way is to establish the theme of the class first, such as arranging a class that loves nature, so that we can arrange it according to the changes of the four seasons, thus stimulating students' interest in exploring the mysteries of nature. If you want to make the classroom full of scholarly atmosphere, you need bookcases. Our primary school in Tian Fei proposed to create a "scholarly class" and be a "scholarly teenager". There is a big bookcase at the back of each classroom, which is filled with all kinds of books that students love to read.

Pay attention to the arrangement of seats

With the rapid development of economy, education has changed from the original "big pot" education to "excellent" education, and we have more energy to consider our educational materials. From the single paddy field in the past, according to the needs of classroom teaching and activities, the "horseshoe" convenient for teachers and students to communicate and the "face" convenient for students to communicate are discharged. I have done this arrangement in many open classes.

Practice has proved that a beautiful class material environment has the characteristics of "peaches and plums don't say anything", which can naturally hint, edify and infect students unconsciously, add endless fun to their study life, bring hope and vitality, build the classroom into a "pleasant place" and give students noble cultural enjoyment.

Soft culture

"Soft Culture" Construction

Building a good class "hard culture" environment only puts a beautiful coat on this class, and the real spiritual embodiment of the class depends on the construction of class "soft culture" environment. Class "soft culture" environment is the core of class cultural environment, which can best reflect class personality. The overall image of the class ultimately depends on whether the "soft culture" environment of the class is healthy.

The Influence of Class Flag, Class Song and Class Emblem on Students' Development

These three factors are the starting point of class "soft culture" environment construction, just like an election campaign before a concert, which makes the audience more fascinated. When designing them, the head teacher should mobilize the teachers and students of the whole class to participate together, and seek the opinions of the school authorities and principals through appropriate channels to attract their attention and leave them with a beautiful and vivid impression. After the design is completed, the class flag, class song and class emblem should be displayed in various occasions such as assemblies, competitions and grade activities, so that teachers and students of this grade can pay attention to the image symbols of this class. Class flag, class song and class emblem, as symbols of class and class characteristics, contribute to students' sense of identity and pride in class; More importantly, their design activities help to tap students' creativity and cooperative spirit, strengthen the cohesion of the class, and enhance understanding and trust among students.

The Construction of "Class Style" and Its Influence on Students' Development

This is the highlight of class "soft culture" environment construction, and it is also the core part of the whole cultural environment construction. It includes class style and class style, and it is the social image of the class. For its construction, we can start from the following two aspects:

(1) teacher. We know that to form a positive and healthy "class style", we can't rely on one person's strength alone. It participates in many forces and is an organic reaction of many factors, but the teacher is a key factor here. The leadership style of teachers (especially class teachers) is closely related to "class style". Good class spirit has a great incentive for students' physical and mental development. At present, most of our primary schools adopt autocratic leadership, which to a great extent inhibits students' creativity, makes students lose their consciousness and hinders their positive behavior.

Therefore, in terms of teachers' leadership style, I suggest adopting democratic leadership style or participatory leadership style. Teachers participate in class collectives, and together with students, * * * formulate class rules and regulations, class plans, or make a collective ruling on something; Teachers are very willing to give a student help or guidance without harming the overall interests of the class, and accept their supervision at the same time; Teachers should give maximum support to class activities and participate as much as possible; When students make choices, teachers should give objective and fair praise and criticism, especially when criticizing, teachers should pay attention to the use of language and not dampen students' enthusiasm; In the process of establishing democratic leadership style, as a teacher (especially a class teacher), you should be a designer, the designer of class development direction, not a nanny or a fireman.

② Students. Students are the main body of class cultural environment construction. In the construction of class "soft culture" environment, the interaction between students is a great force for the formation of class atmosphere.

First of all, it is the coordination of cooperation and competition. In class activities, especially in class learning, cooperation and competition are two important variables that affect class atmosphere. Cooperation is to coordinate activities to achieve the same goal, thus producing beneficial results for both sides. In the class, we can strengthen the collective cohesion, form a positive class spirit and promote the harmonious and healthy development of students. It can learn from each other's strong points and make students actively think about their differences, so as to actively improve their own shortcomings and improve their learning consciousness. Competition is to achieve one's own goals and compete with others for the same goal. It can enliven the classroom atmosphere, make the collective life full of vitality, avoid students' monotonous sense of learning and increase learning fun. It can also stimulate students' learning motivation, improve their level and report negative, and enhance the efficiency of learning. Of course, fierce competition may cause some students to be too nervous and anxious, thus inhibiting learning, causing students to resist learning and feel depressed when solving problems. At the same time, too much emphasis on competition will cause contradictions among students, and ultimate victory will become their main goal, while ignoring the intrinsic value of learning and creative activities will also hurt students' internal unity. Therefore, it is very important to coordinate the relationship between the two for the construction of class spirit.

Secondly, it is the influence of peer culture. Adolescence is a period of rapid physical and mental development, and the rapid changes of physical and mental functions make students have many new and unclear experiences. Therefore, they are eager to uncover their doubts and puzzles from their understanding of peer groups and partners. Therefore, gradually turn your attention to peers and collectives. With the dependence on peer collective strength and the development of strong relationship with peer collective, the tendency of students to obey collective pressure is more and more obvious.

Attention to this phenomenon is mainly focused on the following two points: First, public opinion guidance. Good public opinion will have a very positive impact on everything in the class. It can make the class full of rich learning atmosphere, unite and love students and trust teachers and students. Similarly, bad public opinion will have a bad influence, which will make the class learning atmosphere not strong enough, there is no communication between students, and there is a lack of trust and respect between teachers and students. Therefore, teachers must do everything possible to create correct public opinion in the class; Second, the guidance of small groups. In the process of creating a class collective, one or more small groups will appear at the same time. These small groups are often led by one or two people, have their own naive principles, and have certain restrictions on foreign exchanges, which often cannot last long. Small groups have a great influence on the class. When its principles are consistent with the class, it can greatly promote the development of the class, actively participate in class activities and safeguard the collective interests. When it is contrary to or inconsistent with the development direction of the class, it will seriously hinder the construction of the class and even harm the interests of the class. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the influence on small groups in the class. This is the case with fresh graduates. By means of "reorganizing the class committee", "combining home and school", "checking one by one" and "building confidence", Wang XX, the leader of the small group, was put on the right path and achieved twice the result with half the effort.

Institutional culture construction and its influence on students' development

Teachers should guide students to formulate a series of class rules, conventions and disciplines according to the actual situation of the class, carefully organize and implement them on the basis of collective voting by all members, adhere to the principle of "ruling the class according to law", highlight cultural provisions such as mental outlook, values, style and attitude in the various provisions of the class system, endow the system with soul, give play to the mandatory and incentive functions of the rules and regulations, and make the class form "everything is done by someone"

Class convention is a system that I often implement in class work, and it is also the most complete "class charter" in class construction. From "Ban Ge" to "Ban Xun", from "Ban Ting" to "Ban Ji Reward and Punishment", discussing and studying with students is quite complete and comprehensive. Students experience "social life" in class life. In order to help students realize the transformation of class system culture from compulsory restraint to conscious compliance, I actively publicize it by means of morning meetings, class newspapers, diaries and other tools according to students' psychological characteristics, and at the same time give correct guidance by combining colorful activities to help students develop good habits of consciously observing daily behavior norms.

Facing the rich class system culture, students' internalized learning and absorption is an educational process in itself. The construction of class system culture not only provides students with an institutionalized legal environment, but also provides students with a scale to evaluate their character and behavior, so that each student can consciously restrain his words and deeds under certain norms at all times and make it develop in the direction of meeting the interests of class groups and the education and training objectives. Students should correctly face their study and life in a good cultural atmosphere, establish the concept of legal system, act according to laws and regulations, perform their duties and obligations, safeguard their rights, and constantly improve their socialization level.

It can be seen that once students come into contact with the cultural atmosphere of the class, their thoughts will be subtly influenced, and over time, they will form a kind of values that are integrated with the class culture. The reflection of group consciousness, public opinion atmosphere, value orientation, aesthetic concept, institutional culture and spiritual outlook of all members of the class in the class is the core and soul of class culture. The "soft culture" of the class permeates every corner of the class and impacts students' hearts all the time. After long-term contact, students' socialization level has been continuously improved. The main body of class "soft culture" is class spirit. A good class style is a silent command and a rule that cannot be standardized. It can make students consciously restrain their thoughts, words and deeds, and resist and eliminate all kinds of behaviors that are not in line with the interests of the class. Building a good class spirit can produce huge internal motivation factors in the psychology of class members, and enhance the centripetal force and sense of belonging of class collectives. The great encouragement of the class spirit can also make everyone in the class refreshed, happy in body and mind, closely United among people, highly trusted and harmonious in interpersonal relationships, thus making the class collective glow with infinite strength and vitality, and the class collective and students have achieved the same growth and development. Therefore, class culture has become a habitat for shaping students' minds to the maximum extent.