From: "The Analects of Confucius·Xiangdang" by Confucius and Confucius' students, original text:

Speechless when eating, silent when sleeping. Even if they eat vegetable soup sparingly and offer melons as offerings, they will all be the same. If the table is not straight, you will not sit down. When the villagers drink wine, the stick comes out, and this comes out. A native of Nuo wears court uniform and stands on the steps. Ask people in other countries, worship them again and send them off.

Translation:

Don't talk when you are chewing something. When it's time to go to bed, go to bed on time and don't make any noise to disturb others. Even if you are eating coarse rice and vegetable soup, you must first offer a sacrifice, and you must be as respectful and solemn as when you are fasting.

Don’t sit on the mats if they are not placed properly. After the village drinking ceremony, you have to wait for the elderly to go out first before going out by yourself. When people in the hometown hold a ceremony to welcome the gods and drive away epidemics and ghosts.

(Confucius) always stood on the east steps wearing court clothes. (Confucius) When entrusting others to greet friends in other vassal states on your behalf, you should bow down and worship twice before sending the entrusted person away.

Extended information:

Some rules or habits of Confucius’ behavior and speech. He always holds himself to the standards of a gentleman and makes sure that his behavior does not exceed etiquette. He believes that "ritual" is supreme and sacrosanct.

Then, daily behavior must be in accordance with the principle of etiquette. On the one hand, this is a concrete reflection of Confucius' personal cultivation, and on the other hand, it is also what he practiced when imparting knowledge and benevolence to his students.

Character introduction:

Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), surnamed Kong, given name Qiu, styled Zhongni , the ancestral home is Liyi (now Xiayi, Henan Province) of the Song Dynasty, and a native of Zouyi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) of the Lu State.

Confucius was a famous thinker and educator in ancient China. He created the trend of private lectures and was the founder of the Confucian school. Confucius once studied under Laozi and led some of his disciples to travel around the world for fourteen years, revising the Six Classics in his later years.

That is, "Poetry", "Book", "Ritual", "Music", "Yi Zhuan" and "Spring and Autumn". According to legend, he had three thousand disciples, including seventy-two sages. After Confucius died, his disciples and his disciples recorded the words, deeds, sayings and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples.

Compiled into the Confucian classic "The Analects of Confucius". In ancient times, Confucius was revered as the "Sage of Heaven" and the "Muduo of Heaven". He was one of the most erudite scholars in the society at that time. He was respected by later rulers as the Saint of Confucius, the Most Holy, the Most Holy Teacher, and Dacheng. The most holy sage, King Wenxuan, was the ancestral teacher and the teacher for all generations.

His Confucianism has had a profound impact on China and the world. Confucius is listed as the first among the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World". As the influence of Confucius expanded, the "Confucius Ceremony" to worship Confucius once became a "big sacrifice" on the same level as the Chinese ancestor gods.

The core content of Confucius' political thought is "propriety" and "benevolence". In terms of the strategy of governing the country, he advocated "governing with virtue" and governing the country with morality and etiquette is the most noble way of governing the country. road. This kind of governance strategy is also called "Government by virtue" or "Government by etiquette".

This strategy imparts virtues and etiquette to the people, tightens the hierarchy, and clearly divides the nobility and the common people into the rulers and the ruled. It broke an important original boundary between nobles and common people.

Confucius lived in the State of Lu in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which had a deep tradition of patriarchal rituals. At this time, the ruling power of the Zhou Dynasty had ceased to exist in name only, and the princes were constantly fighting each other. There was a situation where "the king mourned, etiquette and justice were abolished, and political power was lost. The social reality of "family special customs".

"The king is not the king, the minister is not the minister, the father is not the father, the son is not the son" became the characteristics of that era. The intensification of social contradictions hinders the development of productive forces.

Human spirit and belief have also suffered unprecedented destruction. These principles together constitute the historical origins and social conditions for the emergence of Confucius' political thought. "Benevolence" and "propriety" are the basic spirit of his political thought.