The top ten long couplets in my country
The Kunming Grand View Tower Long Couplet is known as "the best long couplet in the world" because it was the earliest to appear and was also the first to be introduced (Liang Zhangju "Couplets", 1840). Its "longest" is actually only the "longest" during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Now it is found that there are a large number of longer ones than it. In order of number of words, we will introduce the "Top Ten" of long couplets.
1． Zhong Zufen (fēn: 耿舫), a native of the Qing Dynasty, proposed a couplet with 1,612 words on the Linjiang Tower in Jiangjin, Sichuan. The author wrote it in prison. It is said that the relevant departments in Jiangjin are preparing to engrave and hang it.
2. Today's Hua Wu Zan Great Wall Couplet, 1,000 words. This couplet won the 1985 Spring Festival National Alliance Memorial Award.
3. A couplet written by Zhong Zufen (also known as Yunfang) from the Qing Dynasty for his sixtieth birthday, with 890 words. The author wrote it in 1906 while he was in prison.
4. Today, Li Yunqing inscribes a 456-word couplet of Tianxin Pavilion in Changsha, which was written for the reconstruction of Tianxin Pavilion in 1983.
5. Today, Ma Lianming inscribes the title Qianshan Mountain Gate in Liaoning, with 426 words.
6. Couple of Friendship, 412 words, author unknown, probably from the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.
7． Zhang Zhidong of the Qing Dynasty inscribed a 400-word couplet on the ancestral hall of Qu Yuan Xiang Fei in Junshan, Dongting, Hunan. "Appreciation of Couplets" is quoted from "Jìn Qìe Collection". The original 16 characters were missing, which were later added by Shi Shuqing based on "Couplet Miscellaneous Records".
8． Li Shanji, a native of the Qing Dynasty, inscribed a couplet on the mountain gate of Qingcheng Mountain in Sichuan, with 394 words. The author was from Tongjiang, Sichuan, and was written in 1910.
9． A couplet to support the martyrs of the "12·1" tragedy in Kunming, 392 words. The author is unknown, written in 1945.
10． Pan Binglie, a native of the Qing Dynasty, inscribed a couplet with the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang, 350 words.
These are the "Top Ten", not the "Top Ten". Ranked in the top ten, the reliability is still greater, and if it is ranked further down, there will definitely be "missing pearls". According to the data, the 180-character long couplet of Kunming Grand View Tower ranks around 50th.
Seventeen types of couplets
1. Split words. Example 1: "This wood comes from the mountain of firewood; because of the fire, it turns into smoke." "This wood" is combined into "firewood"; "shanshan" is combined into "out"; "because of fire" is combined into "smoke"; "Xixi" is combined into "many". Example 2: "Wonderful girl is a girl from the Ni family; she is a talented bowman in the Zhang family." Example 3: "She holds a long bow, rides a strange horse, and works with a single weapon; she plants heavy trees, plows and sharpens oxen, and makes a field out of ten mouths." Example 4 : "Hu Yu Shipi, Mr. Hubei broke his fan; Le Gui is not straight, Jiangnan woman's shoes are crooked." "Hu Yu" and "Shi Pi" are the split words of "fan" and "broken", "Ge Gui" , "不正" is a combination of "shoes" and "crooked". Example 5: "Freezing rain falls on the window at two points to the east and three points to the west; cut the melons and divide the guests with seven knives on the upper and eight knives on the lower."
2. homophonic. Example 1: "Because of the lotus (he), I got the lotus root (even); there are apricots (lucky) without plum blossoms (matchmaker)." Example 2: "The master's aunt is carrying crops in the field (the monk); in front of the beauty hall, she is holding the embroidery tailor () Scholar)." Example 3: "Two, three, four, five; six, seven, eighty-nine." Horizontal marking: North and South. The first couplet lacks "one", and "clothing" is the homophone of "一'', which means lack of clothes; the second couplet lacks "ten", and "food" is the homophone of "ten", which means there is little food. Hengbiao means nothing.
3. Reply. Example 1: “The wind brings the fragrance of flowers to the ground, and the rain brings spring trees to the sky. "The reverse is: "The sky is covered with green trees and the spring rain is flowing, and the ground is covered with red fragrant flowers that send the wind. Example 2: "Willows are like willows; scholars from China come to China." "Example 3: "The clouds are beautiful, the clouds are beautiful; the mountains are green and the mist is beautiful, and the mountains are green and misty." "
4. Overlapping rhymes. Words with the same or similar pronunciation are close together. Example 1: "Tianxin Pavilion, the pigeon falls in the pavilion, but the pigeon flies in the pavilion and has not flown; the water and land continent, the boat stops on the continent, and the boat cannot move on the continent. . "Example 2: "My sister-in-law sweeps away the firewood and calls Uncle Shu; my aunt carries a broken bucket and calls me Guhu. "Example 3: "The deer lives alone in the north of the house; the chickens crow in the west of the stream. "
5. Different words have the same pronunciation. For example: "Star in the sky, firewood on the ground, center of people, the meanings of the words are different; goose in the clouds, swallow in front of the eaves, grebe on the fence, the objects are the same." Example 2: "A hungry chicken steals rice and a boy beats it with a can; A summer rat comes to Liang and a guest is startled by coughing." "
6. Same as the radical. Example 1: "Teardrops flow into the Xiangjiang River and fill the sea; sighs and howls choke the throat." "Example 2: "Smoke locks the willows in the pond; cannons lock the sea city tower. "
7. Numbers. Example 1: "A solitary boat, two merchants, and three, four, five or six sailors pulled up seven or eight awnings and set off to Jiujiang. There are still ten miles left; ten miles of luck, nine miles of incense. Wheel No. 8765, although it travels the old path for four or three years, it lasts only two days, which is better than one year. "Example 2: "A solitary boat, with two or three poets sitting on it, sailing with four oars and five sails, passing through six beaches and seven bays, going through many bumps and turbulences, but it's a shame that I arrived so late; in ten years of cold weather, I visited ninety-eight academies. Put aside the seven emotions and six desires, study the Five Classics and Four Books hard, and take the exam three times and two times. I will definitely pass it today! "According to legend, it was written by Su Dongpo and two school friends when they were rushing to take the exam. Example 3: "Qian Bagua, Kun Bagua, eight eight sixty four hexagrams, the hexagrams Qian and Kun have been determined; Luan has nine sounds, Feng has nine sounds, Nine and Nine has eighty one. The sound of luan and phoenix singing in harmony. "
8. Compound characters. One or more of the same characters appear multiple times in the upper and lower couplets of a couplet. For example: "Pig, dog, turtle, turtle, where is justice? The inside of mahjong is sweet and the outside is bitter. "
9. Overlapping words. Example 1: "Wind, wind, rain, rain, warmth, cold, and cold are everywhere looking for you; Orioles, swallows, flowers, leaves, flowers, leaves, twilight, morning and evening. Example 2: "Everyone is satisfied when he comes in and out with a smile; he picks and chooses beautiful colors and everything is to his satisfaction." "
10. A sharp change of words. Add words to the original couplet and change the original meaning. For example: "Unparalleled blessings have come this morning; misfortunes do not come alone last night."
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11. Hidden characters. The names of people, things, places, etc. are hidden in the couplets. For example: During the reign of the Beiyang warlords, after Cao Kun paid to bribe the president, Zhang Taiyan wrote a couplet like this: " The people are still the same, the country is still the same, how can it be divided into north and south; in short, in general, it is not east and west. "This couplet cleverly hides "The Republic of China is divided into north and south, and the president is not east and west."
12. The pronunciation of the overlapping words is different. Example 1: "The sea water is falling; The floating clouds grow long and fade. Example 2: "Long, long, long, long; go, go, go, go." "
13. Reverse reasoning. Example 1: "The natural guest is the guest in the sky; the Buddha is bigger than the Buddha when a person passes by it. "Example 2: "Wuxi Xishan Mountain Wuxi; the Yellow River is connected with the Yellow River. "
14. Dumb couplet. Qianlong paid a private visit incognito. He pointed out the pagoda to a farmer hoeing the field and wrote the first couplet: "The solitary pagoda stands with seven floors and four corners. "The farmer waved his hands and left. This hand-waving action is the second line: "Walk with both hands, five fingers, two short and three long." "Su Dongpo and his friend Monk Foyin were boating on the Yangtze River. Su Dongpo pointed to the left bank with his hand and smiled without saying a word. Where he pointed, a big yellow dog was devouring food. Foyin had an epiphany and immediately took the book in his hand with Su Dongpo's poems inscribed on it. The big cattail leaf fan was thrown into the water, thus completing a double entender dummy couplet: "The dog gnaws the (monk's) bones on the river; the water flows to the east of the poem (the corpse)." "
15. Collection of sentences. Use the famous aphorisms in the poems of the predecessors to form new couplets according to the requirements of the couplets. For example: "There is no silk and bamboo to clutter the ears; music, piano and books can relieve worries. "It is a collection of quotations from Liu Yuxi's "Inscription on the Humble Room" and Tao Yuanming's "Returning Words".
16. Change the wording. In ancient times, a father and son of a landowner each bought a "Jinshi" with money. , the wife and daughter-in-law were named "Madam", so a couplet was posted in front of the door: "The father is a Jinshi, the son is a Jinshi, the father and the son are Jinshi; the wife is a lady, the daughter-in-law is a lady, the wife and daughter-in-law are both wives." "The poor peasants were so filled with hatred that they changed a few strokes of the couplet at night, and it became: "Father goes into the earth, son goes into the earth, father and son go into the earth together; the wife loses her husband, the daughter-in-law loses her husband, the wife and daughter-in-law both lose their husbands. "
17. Couple. On the birthday of a certain landowner, a rich man wrote a couplet: "My life is as long as Nanshan, the mountain is not old, old man, I live a long life, have plenty of food and clothing, and eat delicious food. Ranked among the top three, Taiwan enjoys glory and wealth. The distinguished guests should have come long ago. It is reasonable and natural for them to come. "A farmer answered the second line: "Blessed as the East Sea, the sea is vast, an old man, with a human face and a beast's heart, a bad heart, like an old bastard, he will die eventually, and there will be no place to bury him. He will not come until the earth rises, and he will regret it. , it’s too late to regret.
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