1. Who taught me to quote classical Chinese in my writing?

This depends on how much classical Chinese you have mastered and understood.

Generally speaking, what you can quote is what you can memorize or remember. To describe scenes, emotions, feelings, and enterprising spirit, poetry is generally quoted to describe principles and thoughts. These generally require the content of the Four Books, such as The Analects of Confucius, The Great Learning, and Mencius' discussion of things. If you don't want to be too rigid, you can quote ancient texts, such as Yueyang Tower, Peach Blossom Spring and so on.

The advantage of classical Chinese is that it is concise. Sometimes there are many words to write down what you want to say, but just a few words in classical Chinese are enough, and the meaning is small. Therefore, you need to have some understanding of some ancient sentences, and you also need to know who wrote the sentences in what article, so that you can quote them convincingly. For example, when you quote, write: The ancients said.

This makes you feel powerless.

If you write: Wang Anshi, a great writer and politician in the Song Dynasty, said.

Such a quote is very powerful and will add color to the article. 2. Who taught me to quote classical Chinese in my writing?

This depends on how much classical Chinese you have mastered and understood.

Generally speaking, what you can quote is what you can memorize or remember.

To describe scenes, emotions, feelings, and enterprising spirit, poetry is generally quoted.

To write about theory and thought, these generally require the content of the Four Books, such as The Analects of Confucius, Daxue, and Mencius.

If you want to discuss things and don’t want to be too rigid, you can quote ancient texts, such as Yueyang Tower and Peach Blossom Spring.

The advantage of classical Chinese is that it is concise. Sometimes there are many words to write down what you want to say, but a few words in classical Chinese are enough, and the meaning is small.

Therefore, you need to understand some ancient Chinese sentences, and you also need to know who wrote the sentences in what article, so that you can quote them convincingly

For example, when you quote, Write: The ancients said.

This makes you feel helpless.

If you write: Wang Anshi, a great writer and politician in the Song Dynasty, said.

Such a quote is very powerful and will add color to the article. 3. Ancient texts are quoted in the paper, how should they be marked in the article

Reference marking requires the number to be enclosed in brackets. So far I have not found a way to make Word automatically add brackets, so I need to add them manually. Square brackets.

When you need to cite the same document multiple times in a document, you need to make an endnote when you cite the document for the first time. When you cite the document again, click Insert | Cross Reference, and select "Endnote" for the citation type. The citation content is "Endnote number (with format)", then select the corresponding document and insert it. The solution seems a bit clumsy.

First delete all the numbers in the endnote text (we don’t need it because it is in the wrong format), then select all the endnote text (reference text), click Insert | Bookmark, and name it " Reference text", added to bookmarks. This makes all reference texts bookmarked.

Create a new page after the main text, titled "References" and set the format. Move the cursor under the title, select Insert | Cross Reference, set the reference type to "Bookmark", click "Reference Text" and insert, thus making a copy of the reference text.

Select the text you just inserted, modify the font size, etc. according to the format requirements, and use the item number for automatic numbering. At this point, we're still a little short of perfection.

When printing the document, the endnote pages will also be printed, and these pages are not needed. Of course, you can set the printing page range to not print the last few pages.

Here is another method. If you want to learn more, please read on.

Select all the endnote text, click Format | Font, change to "Hide text", switch to normal view, select View | Footnote, now all endnotes appear at the lower end of the window, select " "Endnote separator" to delete the default horizontal line.

Delete the "Endnote continuation separator" and "Endnote continuation mark" in the same way. Delete the header and footer (including separators), select View | Header and Footer, first delete the text, then click the "Page Setup" button on the header and footer toolbar, click the border on the pop-up dialog box, and click on the page Border tab, the border is set to "None", and the application scope is "This section"; the border tab of the Border tab is set to "None", and the application scope is "Paragraph"

Switch to "Footer". , delete the page number. Select Tools | Options, and confirm not to print hidden text in the Print tab (Word default)

2. Select "Endnote" in the dialog box, and select "Automatic Numbering" for the numbering method. Select "End of Section" for the location. 3. If "Auto Numbering" is not followed by Arabic numerals, select "Options" in the lower right corner and select Arabic numerals in the numbering format.

9. Switch to normal view. , "View" - "Footnotes" - Editing bar of endnotes in the menu: 10. Select "Endnote Separator" in the drop-down menu to the right of the endnote, then the short horizontal line appears, select it, Delete. 11. Select "Endnote continuation separator" in the drop-down menu. This is the long horizontal line. Select it and delete it.

There is a small problem: There is actually a way to solve this problem. Not difficult: 1. Click the location where you want to insert the reference to the comment. 2. Click the "Reference" - "Cross Reference" command in the "Insert" menu.

3. In the "Reference" In the "Type" box, click "Footnote" or "Endnote". (The one in bold is preferred) 4. In the "Which footnote to quote" or "Which endnote to quote" box, click the note you want to quote.

5. Click the "Footnote Number" or "Endnote Number" option in the "Quoted Content" box. 6. Click the "Insert" button, and then click the "Close" button.

But be aware that the new number inserted by Word is actually a cross-reference to the original reference mark. If a comment is added, deleted, or moved, Word will update it when you print the document or press the F9 key after selecting the cross-reference number. Cross reference number.

4. How are the techniques of "quoting" and "using allusions" in ancient Chinese literature distinguished, and their respective artistic representations

Quotations include allusions. The explanation is as follows 1) Quotation refers to intentionally citing when writing an article Use ready-made idioms, poems, aphorisms, allusions, etc. to express one's thoughts and feelings and explain one's views on new issues and new principles. This rhetorical technique is called quotation. Allusion is also called Yongshi. Any relevant person in the past is quoted in poetry and prose. Those who use allusions, historical facts, places, events, objects, or language as metaphors to increase the implicitness and elegance of words and sentences are called "yongdian". (It is obvious from the definition that allusions are cited, so citations and allusions are related. If you want to distinguish, it depends on the role of the quoted content in the article. For example, if you want to express your own thoughts, I am really "I am more timid when I am close to my hometown, and I dare not ask people who come" (Song Zhiwen), this is a quote, this is I use other people's articles to express my emotions; and Yongdian means that my feelings now are the same as when Song Zhiwen returned to his hometown. Apart from being nervous and excited, I also have some panic, fearing that something will happen to my hometown. This is Yongdian, Yongdian It is often necessary to explain a truth and have an invisible meaning. Therefore, to put it simply, the citation should be a little superficial) 2) The function of citation is to make the argument solid and sufficient, enhance the persuasiveness, and be enlightening, and the language is refined and implicit. Elegance. The function of using allusions is to make arguments well-founded, express meaning euphemistically, reduce the complexity of words, enrich content, and beautify words and sentences. (From their respective functions, we can find that they have similar functions) 3) Quotation points: direct quotation, indirect quotation Quotation; explicit quotation, covert quotation; direct quotation, reverse quotation, quotation points: explicit quotation, hidden quotation, translated quotation (expression skills, quotation often has a retro feel, just like when you watch a costume drama in front of TV, and using allusion It feels like I have traveled through time. "The Changle tiles fly away with the water, and the Jingyang bell falls and loses the sky." These are some of Li Shangyin's poems about the Han Palace, as if he suddenly returned to the Han Palace, and there is a feeling of time travel.) Do you understand here! Ha ha. 5. What is the function of quoting poems in classical Chinese?

The ancients often said, "The spirit of poetry and calligraphy comes from China." Classical poems contain profound cultural heritage and emotional resources. The clever use of ancient poems can activate language Express and highlight the article's heritage, making the article exude a strong scholarly and cultural atmosphere. The quotation of poetry is to directly embed famous lines from classical poetry in part of the article. Such as the title, inscription, first paragraph and end of the article. At the beginning of the article Embedding good lines of poetry to lead the whole article can make the language appear concise and incisive, and allow the markers to immediately "see" the author's cultural accumulation and humanistic qualities, leaving them with a better first impression. Quoting classical poems at the end of the article has the finishing touch, can inspire people's minds, sublimate the theme, and achieve an expressive effect of exhaustive words and infinite meaning, making readers close their books in deep thought and have endless aftertaste.

6. How to accumulate classical Chinese

First, love classical Chinese and cultivate interest. Some people complain that we don’t use classical Chinese today, so why should we learn “it”? This statement is wrong: First of all, classical Chinese is the carrying form of all culture in ancient my country. Whether it is medicine, mathematics, astronomy, or geography, it is written in classical Chinese and has been handed down to this day. Classical Chinese is a magnificent wealth with a long history. So what if we don’t understand it? How about appreciating the profound classical Chinese culture and exploring its subtleties? Secondly, most of the idioms and allusions in modern Chinese 7a64e4b893e5b19e31333361306334 come from classical Chinese. For example: seeking fish from a tree (盛子? King Liang Hui, Part 1), making close friends at a distance ("Warring States Policy, Qin Ce III"), giving up eating due to choking ("Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals? Dang Bing") "), approachable ("Historical Records? The Family of Dukes of Lu and Zhou")...these popular, concise and expressive idioms all come from classical Chinese, not to mention allusions such as "it is better to be wise after the fact" and "to make great efforts in one go, then to fail again, and to be exhausted three times" Again, classical Chinese contains rich philosophy of life, which can not only cultivate our sentiments, but also guide us on how to behave: "Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi for accepting advice" tells us to be calm-minded and analyze carefully when praising others; and " "Admonishing Taizong's Ten Thoughts" warns us to "be prepared for danger in times of peace, abstain from extravagance and be frugal"... The benefits of classical Chinese are far more than these. "The best way to learn is to practice the material you have learned," and only from the bottom of your heart. Only when you fall in love with classical Chinese can you learn it well. Second, when learning classical Chinese, the most important thing you should focus on is the knowledge of classical Chinese words, sentence patterns, etc. Only by accumulating a certain amount of classical Chinese knowledge can you successfully read classical Chinese. 1. Pay attention to previewing, learn to self-study and sentence segmentation. Before class, you must use comments to translate word for word, do not wait for the teacher to explain. When previewing, pay attention to find difficult words and submit them to class discussion, and ask teachers and classmates for advice. Classify key words and understand them. , highlight key points and break through difficulties. There are quite a few classical Chinese words with multiple meanings and multiple uses. We must be good at memorizing, comparing, summarizing, organizing, and learning "words" "lively". At the same time, the ancients wrote articles , there are no punctuation marks. Therefore, how to segment sentences directly affects the understanding of the content of the article. To correctly segment sentences, we must pay attention to the following points: First, we must accurately grasp the basic knowledge of classical Chinese, understand key words, and clearly determine the relationship between words. Relationship. Secondly, you must understand certain ancient cultural common sense, such as the expression methods of names of people, places, official positions, etc., euphemistic and taboo writing habits, etc. Thirdly, master some rules of dialogue, paraphrasing, and quotation in the text. For example, often in the text Use words such as "曰", "云", and "predicate" as signs before quoting or paraphrasing the content. Fourth, judge based on the words commonly used at the beginning and end of sentences. For example, the words commonly used at the beginning of sentences are gai, fu , when, after, since, but and, but then, public, steal, few people and other words. Commonly used at the end of the sentence are the modal particles such as and, xie, hu, zai and naihe, yefu, 磟哇, yuner, yunyun and other polysyllabic function words. There are also relatively independent interjections that are often used at the beginning of sentences, such as sighing, sighing, moaning, hee, etc. Fifth, you can also segment sentences based on common idiomatic words in the sentence. For example, to express ordinal and express order Words that express questions. In addition, sentences can also be segmented according to common sentence patterns, fixed sentence patterns or rhetorical techniques. 2. Follow the principle of "words should not be separated from sentences" to understand and appreciate that classical Chinese can generally be divided into words and sentences. Words can be divided into two categories: content words and function words. Among them, content words can be divided into five categories: ① monosyllabic words and bisyllabic words. Classical Chinese is mostly monosyllabic words, and modern Chinese is mostly bisyllabic words. For example, "wife" In modern Chinese, the word is a two-syllable word, which means wife, while in classical Chinese, it is two single-syllable words, which means wife and children. ② Different meanings in ancient and modern times, including synonymous expansion, word meaning reduction, word meaning transfer, and sentiment* ** Color changes and name changes, etc. ③ One word has multiple meanings. For example, the word "Yin", the original meaning is to open a bow, and there are as many as five extended meanings: extend, extend; drag, pull; guide, lead; take, Quote; retreat, retreat. ④Tongjia. Including common, borrowed and ancient and modern words. The basic rule is "homophone substitution". ⑤Conjugation of parts of speech. Including: nouns used as adverbials; nouns used as verbs; adjectives used as nouns; adjectives used as verbs ; causative usage, active usage, ideational usage and verb usage. Whether it is a content word or a function word, its meaning

The meaning and usage are always shown in the specific language environment. When accumulating classical Chinese words, do not memorize them by rote, but try to figure them out based on the "context". 3. Keep in mind the main classical Chinese sentence patterns. The main classical Chinese sentence patterns are Five types: judgmental sentences, interrogative sentences, passive sentences, omitted sentences and inverted sentences. Each type has several different forms. Remember the form to facilitate memory and understanding. Inverted sentences can be divided into subject-predicate inverted sentences, Verb-object inversion sentences, object postposition sentences and adverbial postposition sentences. Third, the Chinese textbook emphasizes the reading and recitation of classical Chinese. The purpose is to allow students to master classical Chinese knowledge, understand the meaning of the text, and cultivate language perception through multiple readings and memorization. Ability. Complete the rough reading task during preview. The first task of rough reading is to clear the text, and then perceive the text on this basis, and initially grasp the structure of the text as a whole. Combine with the annotations, read it two or three times according to the context, and then continue to guess. , you should be able to understand 60 to 70% of the content of the text. During the rough reading, you should draw out difficult words and sentences to prepare for discussion in class. On the issue of clearing up the text, I think students must first accumulate some classical Chinese words. Because learning classical Chinese Just like learning a foreign language, without enough vocabulary, everything is just a castle in the air and just talk on paper, so the accumulation of words is very important. 7. Examples of ancient prose that can be quoted as compositions

1. Patriotism and Love for the People 1. Since ancient times, no one has died, and his loyalty will be remembered by history.

Song Dynasty? Wen Tianxianglt; gt; 2. Lying stiffly in a lonely village, not mourning for oneself, but still thinking about guarding the Luntai for the country. Song Dynasty? Lu Yoult; gt; 3. Wang Shibei set the Central Plains Day, and he never forgot to tell Nai Weng about the family sacrifices.

Song Dynasty Lu Yoult; gt; 4. The merchant girl did not know the hatred of the country's subjugation, but she still sang across the riverlt; Qing?

Qing Qiu Jinlt; gt; 7. Looking northwest to Chang'an, there are countless pitiful mountains. Song Dynasty?

Song Dynasty? Wen Tianxianglt; Wang Changling of the Tang Dynastylt; gt; 10. If you live high in the temple, you will worry about your people; if you live far away from the rivers and lakes, you will worry about your king.

Song Dynasty? Fan Zhongyanlt; gt; 11. There are tens of millions of mansions in Ande, which shelter the poor people all over the world. They are as peaceful as a mountain despite the wind and rain. Du Fu of Tang Dynasty 12. Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world.

Gu Yanwu 2. Ambition Chapter 1. The old man is always ambitious, but the martyr is still ambitious in his old age. Three Kingdoms? Wei? Cao Cao lt; gt; 2. There will be times when the wind blows and the waves break, and the cloud sails are directly hung to help the sea.

Tang Li Bai lt; gt; 3. The good wind sends me to the blue clouds with its power. Qing? Cao Xueqinlt; gt; 4. I urge God to cheer up and send talents of any kind.

Qing Dynasty? Gong Zizhenlt; gt; 5. It is late at night, and the sky is full of clouds. Tang Dynasty?

Qing Dynasty Shi Yukun lt; gt; 7. The towering incense array penetrates Chang'an, and the whole city is filled with golden armor. Tang? Huang Chaolt; gt; 8. Don’t laugh when you are lying drunk on the battlefield. How many people have fought in ancient times.

Tang Dynasty? Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty lt; gt; 3. Moral Characters 1. A gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain is always worried.

lt; gt; 2. If the person is upright, he will not do what he is told; if the person is not upright, he will not follow the order. lt; gt; 3. It is easy to go from frugality to luxury, but it is difficult to go from luxury to frugality.

Sima Guang of the Song Dynasty lt; gt; 4. Without indifference, there is no clear ambition, and without tranquility, there is no far-reaching goal. Three Kingdoms? Zhuge Lianglt; gt;.