2017 Teacher Recruitment "Education Comprehensive Knowledge" Frequent Test Points
What knowledge must teachers memorize for the exam? Do you know the legendary five Nas and Tens? Don't worry, I Take everyone to study! I hope it will be helpful for everyone to prepare for teacher recruitment!
"Education Comprehensive Knowledge" common test points? 5 Na
(1) Gardner
The father of "Multiple Intelligence Theory" criticized the narrow definition of intelligence in the past and believed that it failed to correctly reflect a person's true ability. Human intelligence is divided into eight types: linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, limb operation intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, and natural exploration intelligence. This has an impact on the views of teachers, students, innovation and development in education and teaching in my country, and has become an important theoretical basis for my country's new curriculum reform.
(2) Bruner
was a leading figure in the education reform in the United States in the 1960s. We need to grasp two points about it:
①Cognitive-structural learning theory: The essence of learning is that a person connects similar things and organizes them into structures that give them meaning. The learning of knowledge is to form a certain knowledge structure in students' minds. The purpose of teaching is to understand the basic structure of the subject.
②Discovery learning: Emphasizes students’ intrinsic motivation, learning process and intuitive thinking when learning in the process of trying, testing, and exploring.
(3) Skinner
The most important contribution of American behaviorist scholar Skinner is to propose the basic law of operant conditioning:
①Human and human beings There are two types of animal behavior: response behavior and operant behavior;
② Operant behavior is mainly restricted by the law of reinforcement: reinforcement, escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning, extinction, and punishment; according to this psychology Academic theory advocates procedural teaching in education.
(4) Wiener
American psychologist Wiener divides attribution from three dimensions: internal attribution and external attribution, stability attribution and Unstable attribution, controllable attribution and uncontrollable attribution; and the reasons for the success or failure of people's activities, that is, behavioral responsibility, are mainly attributed to four factors, namely ability level, effort level, task difficulty, luck (opportunity), etc. .
(5) Bina
In 1905, he and Simon co-edited the "Bina-Simon Intelligence Test Scale", which was the world's first practical intelligence test form. The scale consists of 30 items arranged from easy to difficult and can be used to measure various abilities, with a particular focus on judgment, understanding and reasoning abilities, which are the basic components of intelligence according to Bina. "Education Comprehensive Knowledge" Frequent Examination Test Points: 10 Questions
There are many questions in education and psychology, and reviewers often have troubles with confusing names or mismatching of characters and theoretical viewpoints. Below we have summarized ten important educators or psychologists to differentiate learning.
(1) Comenius
The Czech educationist was a Czech educator in the 17th century and a landmark figure in the history of human education. His book "On Great Pedagogy" is the earliest pedagogy work in modern times, marking the beginning of an independent form of pedagogy in modern times, and earning him the title of "Father of Pedagogy". He also put forward the democratic proposition of universal education, believing that "all young men and women, regardless of wealth or poverty, should enter school." The class teaching system was invented.
(2) Ebbinghaus
Ebbinghaus, the founder of experimental learning psychology, invented nonsense syllables for memory materials. Ebbinghaus's research in the field of memory psychology is mainly Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve. The main point of view is that people forget regularly in learning, and the development of forgetting is uneven. Materials are forgotten fastest in the first few hours after learning, and as time goes by, materials are forgotten less and less. In general, forgetting is fast at first and then slows down, showing a negative accelerating forgetting curve trend.
(3) Babansky
Babansky, a famous educator in the former Soviet Union, created the experience of overcoming the phenomenon of grade repetition on a large scale and created the teaching process optimization theory, which refers to the teaching process optimization theory. Under certain teaching conditions, we seek reasonable teaching plans so that teachers and students can spend the least time and energy to obtain the best teaching results and enable students to achieve the best development.
(4) Wechsler
Wechsler is the person who has made the greatest contribution to the research on intelligence testing after the French Binet. He compiled a variety of intelligence scales, It is the most authoritative intelligence test in the world today. For the first time, a standard score with an accuracy of 15 was used to express the level of intelligence, called the deviation IQ. The first adult intelligence test scale.
(5) Vygotsky
Vygotsky of the former Soviet Union proposed the concept of the zone of proximal development. That is to say, it refers to the difference between the level of problem-solving that children can achieve with guidance and the help of adults and the level that they can solve alone. It is actually a transitional state between two adjacent development stages.
(6) Hutchins
American educator, representative of the eternalist education school. It emphasizes the rational development of people and advocates an education suitable for any era, that is, the idea of ??"general education"; in order to train and develop students' intellectual abilities, they must be given systematic, holistic, and basic training, that is,? The idea of ??general education; with special emphasis on the status of Western classics in university education.
(7) Rogers
An American humanistic psychologist who focuses on human self-realization potential and people’s positive autonomy. Propose non-directive teaching to teaching, that is, learning facilitators do not spend most of their time organizing lesson plans and explanations, but rather focusing on providing students with the various resources they need for learning, and focusing their energy on simplifying students' use of resources. on the practical steps that need to be taken. At the same time, what is considered to be of real value to learners is meaning learning.
(8) Maslow
Maslow, an American psychologist from the humanistic school, proposed the hierarchy of needs theory, which divides human needs into physiological needs and safety needs. ?The need for belonging and love? The need for respect? Five levels of self-actualization. It advocates that education should not only pursue the realization of students' personal potential or characteristics, but also strive for the realization of their complete and full humanity. Teachers should not only care about students' learning, but also care about students' lives to eliminate all interfering factors that affect learning.
(9) Skinner
The most important contribution of American behaviorist scholar Skinner is to propose the basic law of operant conditioning:
①Human and human beings There are two types of animal behavior: response behavior and operant behavior;
② Operant behavior is mainly restricted by the law of reinforcement: reinforcement, escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning, extinction, and punishment; according to this psychology Academic theory advocates procedural teaching in education.
(10) Spencer
In the 19th century, Spencer’s core educational concepts in Britain mainly included the following aspects: advocating scientific education and opposing classical education; advocating independent education, Oppose indoctrination education; advocate happiness and interest education, and oppose education methods that ignore the laws of students' physical and mental development. His famous saying: What knowledge is the most valuable: scientific knowledge.
Summary: Let’s sort out the ten main concepts and five concepts in education synthesis. I believe everyone will be able to distinguish and distinguish them better when they see relevant figures or theories again. Matched. ;