May 19, 433 years ago, was the first opening day of Xu Xiake's travels. In memory of this great traveler, geographer and writer, China designated May 19 as "China Tourism Day" from 201.
1. Wonderful family guidance
During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Xu Xiake was born in a wealthy family in Jiangyin. The Xu family motto is "reading is only for cultivating sentiment, not for fame and fortune." Fame and fortune are all floating clouds. Don't take the exam if you don't want to. If you want to travel, go play and do what you like. " According to the current statement, it is "son, if you don't want to take the college entrance examination, we won't take it." Go and play. "
The family instruction of Xu's transcendental thought is incredible, but it is normal for Xu. This is due to Xu Zushang's painful experience on the road of imperial examination. Ninety years before Xu Xiake was born, the ancestor of the Xu family went to Beijing to take the exam, and Lu Yu married the first talented person in Jiangnan. Because of cheating in the exam, he was beaten up and sentenced to life without taking the imperial examination. Xu Jing, who despaired of the imperial examination, educated his descendants: "Everything is inferior, and only those who are highly educated are talking nonsense. It is better to learn something practical. "
The world is so big that I want to see it.
Xu Jing's family precepts influenced his descendants. None of his descendants became an official, but he became a great traveler.
Xu Jing's grandson Xu Youmian doesn't like reading, but he likes to travel around. His hobby influenced his son Xu Hongzu. Xu Hongzu was very interested in the mountains and rivers outside since he was a child. Others read four books and five classics. He is secretly reading Shuijing Notes, often going out to climb mountains, play with water and go wild everywhere.
Xu Youmian didn't beat and scold his son, but praised him and said, "Hongzu's eyebrows are dim, and it seems that he can inherit my interests." Xu Hongzu, a famous local Confucian, is called a "chivalrous man" because he always works at sunrise and returns at sunset, with a layer of gloom on his brow. Xu Hongzu simply took this as the number and called himself "Xu Xiake".
With the support of his father, Xu Hongzu became more confident. After failing in the imperial examination for the first time, he announced that he would never take the imperial examination again. Determined to travel all over the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, to achieve their own goals in life, "a gentleman is good." The world is so big that I want to see it.
Xu Xiake's father 19 died. After three years of mourning, Xu Xiake decided to realize his dream.
"Parents don't travel far", and Xu's family and mother need to be taken care of. Xu Xiake is a little embarrassed. Xu Xiake's mother was reasonable, telling him that "good people get what they deserve, don't worry about her" and made him a "travel hat" to encourage him to realize his dream.
3. People are in trouble and enjoy it.
Xu Xiake made an appointment with his mother to go out every spring and come back in autumn, then bid farewell to his hometown and embarked on his legendary journey.
Modern people's travel is to do a good job of raiders, book air tickets and hotels, and make all arrangements before going out. Without accidental surprises, travel is no longer for exploration. The purpose of traveling is to relax and enjoy.
Compared with modern people, Xu Xiake's travel is "poor travel", and he is often alone.
As can be seen from his diary, the hard journey did not make Xu Xiake feel tired, but he got surprises and happiness from every trip.
Dressed in clothes, sandals and dry food, he often walks forty, fifty or even hundreds miles a day, climbs mountains and drills strange holes, and sleeps all the way. Sometimes he sleeps in a cave and eats dry food for a few days. The more dangerous he is, the more he wants to explore. During his trip, he was deprived of food several times, met robbers three times and moved on after being injured. Without modern means of transportation, many places seem impossible to reach now, while Xu Xiake walks on two legs.
When Xu Xiake wakes up at the fifth watch, he will see the stars all over the sky and be too excited to sleep for the fine weather tomorrow. I will be ecstatic when I see the beautiful scenery of Lushan Mountain. It will also send out the feeling that "the five mountains return without looking at the mountains, and Huangshan returns without looking at the mountains"; Sitting on the top of the mountain, listening to the sound of snowflakes falling, he is happier than anyone else.
4. For the sake of silence
When Xu Xiake was fifty years old, he decided to go out again. He didn't expect that this would be his last parade.
A monk named Wen Jing pricked his finger and wrote a book "Hokkekyo" with blood, hoping to send it to Stan Temple in Jizu Mountain, Yunnan Province. Knowing that Xu Xiake was going to the southwest military parade, he asked to go together.
When they arrived at Xiangjiang River, they met robbers. I heard that they were stabbed twice by robbers to protect the manuscripts of Hokkekyo and Xu Xiake. They were injured all the way to Guangxi and died. The local people advised him to give up and go home because the travel expenses were not enough. However, Xu Xiake took care of Wenjing's funeral and decided to move on and go to Jizu Mountain to help Wenjing fulfill his wish.
In this way, in order to fulfill the quiet wish, Xu Xiake ignored his serious foot disease and continued to travel westward with quiet blood and bones. If you have no money, you will spend the night in the wilderness when you are sleepy, and eat dry food and wild vegetables to satisfy your hunger when you are hungry.
From Guangxi to Guizhou, enter Yunnan, climb Minshan and cross Lancang River. A year later, Xu Xiake finally arrived at Jizu Mountain. He dedicated the Blood Sutra to Stan Temple and buried Wen Jing's bones in Jizu Mountain, thus fulfilling his promise.
5. waste your life on travel
Xu Xiake's visit is not to express his feelings for mountains and rivers, nor is it just to travel around mountains and rivers. In addition to being innovative and winning, he also explores the mysteries of nature.
He's not punching a parade. Some places have been there two or three times, and some have been there many times just to see it thoroughly. Browse mountains and rivers, the more you explore, the more you want to explore; Without hesitation, he slipped into the strange cave where no one dared to go. It is this persistence and stubbornness that Xu Xiake has also gained the feedback from nature during his journey. He enjoyed Gu Song, roaring waterfalls, snow, and cliffs, which he could not see on the ordinary road, and realized that no one could understand happiness.
He started at 22 and died at 54. Xu Xiake has traveled for 32 years, so he has been on the road all his life. Ming thirteen provinces, all travel; Three mountains and five mountains, the Yangtze River, have all passed. Xu Xiake recorded his experiences, textual research and feelings in his travel notes, and wrote more than two million words of travel notes. Now there are only 600 thousand words left, which have been compiled into Xu Xiake's travel notes.
This travel book is called a fantastic book, which records the geology, landform and water conservancy of China in detail. Known as/kloc-the greatest geographical work in the 7th century, it is also unique in literature and praised by the world. This book has also been translated into dozens of languages and spread all over the world.
Due to years of tiring travel life, he not only exhausted all his energy, but also failed his feet. Shortly after Xu Xiake arrived in Yunnan, his condition worsened and he could not even walk on his feet. The local toaster asked someone to carry him back to his hometown in Jiangyin from Yunnan with a sliding bar. Shortly after returning to China, Xu Xiake died of serious illness at the age of 54.
Before he died, Xu Xiake said, "Zhang Qian cleared the way in the Western Han Dynasty, but Kunlun Mountain was not seen. In the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzang served the emperor's mission before he had the opportunity to go to the Western Ocean. I am just a civilian, wearing a dress, a bamboo pole and a pair of sandals. I walked to the Yellow River alone, climbed the Kunlun Mountain, walked through the western regions and traveled around the world. Although I am dead, I have no regrets. "
"A gentleman is a blue sea and blue sky" is Xu Xiake's brave words, and he practiced this famous saying with his life.
# History # # China historical figures #