Name: "Mona Lisa" Mona Lisa Painter: Leonardo da Vinci (Italy) Type: Oil painting Size: 77X53 cm Collection: The largest collection in the world Museum of Fine Arts: Louvre. Introduction: "Mona Lisa" is a prestigious portrait masterpiece. It represents Leonardo da Vinci's highest artistic achievement and successfully created the image of an urban proletarian woman during the rise of capitalism. The characters in the painting sit elegantly with subtle smiles, and the mountains and rivers in the background are deep and vast, which fully demonstrates the artist's unique smoke-like "air perspective" brushwork. The painter strives to skillfully combine the rich inner emotions of the characters with the beautiful appearance. He also pays special attention to mastering the dialectical relationship between precision and implicitness in the key parts of the portrait's face that express emotions, such as the corners of the eyes and lips, so as to achieve a state of verve and charm. Nalisa's smile has a mysterious and everlasting charm. Her dream-like and charming smile has been called a "mysterious smile" by many art historians. Under the influence of humanistic ideas, Leonardo da Vinci focused on expressing human emotions. In terms of composition, Leonardo da Vinci changed the past habit of using a side bust or a bust when painting portraits, and replaced it with a frontal bust composition. The perspective point was slightly raised, making the composition pyramid-shaped, making the Mona Lisa look more dignified. ,steady. In addition, Mona Lisa's hands are soft, precise and plump, showing her gentleness, identity and class status, and showing Leonardo da Vinci's superb painting skills and his keen observation of nature. The life of the painter Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was a cultural celebrity during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and a rare all-rounder in the history of human civilization. He was not only a talented painter, sculptor, architect, poet, philosopher and musician, but also an accomplished anatomist, mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer and engineer, etc. For more than 500 years, when people talk about the cultural progress of mankind, they will mention one of its splendid and glorious pages - the Italian Renaissance, and think of Leonardo da Vinci's great achievements. On April 15, 1452, in the suburbs of Vinci Village in the Republic of Florence, Italy, Ser Piero da Vinci was born to Caterina. In 1465, he entered Verrocchio's studio and became an entry-level disciple. (13-14 years old) Created "Holy Annunciation" in 1473. In 1476, he was accused of committing the crime of homosexuality with other disciples of Verrocchio. Because he denied it, he was finally released (24 years old). In 1482, he painted "Three Sages" "Adoration of the King", returned to Milan (30 years old). In 1483, he accepted the order of "The Virgin on the Rock" from the Grand Church of St. Francis of Assisi (31 years old). In 1495, he began to paint "The Last Supper" (43 years old) Returned to Florence from 1502 to 2003 and began painting the Mona Lisa (50 years old). In 1516, at the invitation of the King of France, he went to Amber Oise, France (64 years old). Died in Amber Oise on May 2, 1519. Watts (67 years old) I wonder if you have noticed that the Mona Lisa painted by Leonardo da Vinci has no eyebrows! ! The Mystery of the "Mona Lisa" Smile For 500 years, people have been confused about the mysterious smile of the "Mona Lisa". Different viewers or seeing it at different times may have different feelings. Sometimes I think her smile is comfortable and gentle, sometimes she looks serious, sometimes she seems slightly sad, and sometimes she even looks sarcastic and teasing. In a painting, changes in light cannot make as big a difference as in sculpture. But on Mona Lisa's face, faint shadows appear and disappear, covering her eyes and lips with a veil. Human smiles are mainly shown at the corners of the eyes and mouth, but Leonardo da Vinci painted these parts vaguely without clear boundaries, which is why there is this elusive "mysterious smile". A university in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, used "emotion recognition software" to analyze the contents and proportions of Mona Lisa's smile: happiness 83/100, disgust 9/100, fear 6/100, and anger 2/100. Dr. Livingstone, a neuroscientist at Harvard University, said that Mona Lisa's smile that disappears and appears is related to the human visual system, not because of the mysterious expression of the person in the painting. Dr. Livingstone is an authority on visual neural activity, focusing on how the eye and brain respond to different contrasts and light and dark. Livingstone said: "The smile appears and disappears because the viewer changes the position of his eyes." He said that there are two different parts of the human eye that receive images.

The central part (the shallow pit on the retina) is responsible for distinguishing colors and fine marks. Pay attention to black and white, movement and shadow around the outer part of the dimple. According to Livingstone, when people look at a face, their eyes are mostly focused on the other person's eyes. If one's central vision is focused on Mona Lisa's eyes, less accurate peripheral vision will focus on her mouth. Since peripheral vision does not pay attention to subtleties, the shadows of the cheekbones are invisibly highlighted. As a result, the arc of the smile appears even wider. However, when looking directly at Mona Lisa's mouth, central vision does not see the shadow. Livingstone said: "If you look at her mouth, you will never be able to capture her smile." Mona Lisa's looming smile comes from people's constant shifting of eyes. Livingstone pointed out that if you want to copy the "Mona Lisa", you have to look away when describing the mouth. In 1993, Canadian art historian Susan Giroux published a shocking research result. She said that Mona Lisa's lips, which fascinate countless viewers, are a man's naked back. This assertion is new and absurd, but the argument is powerful. Leonardo da Vinci, who was a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and scientist, could be described as a "weirdo". He likes to wear pink coats, paint his beard with colorful colors without scruples, and often claims that he has dissected no less than 30 corpses. He was also left-handed and used to write backwards from right to left. Others had to use a mirror to read what he wrote. Therefore, using a mirror is also a way for appreciators to read paintings. After rotating 90 degrees and looking in the mirror, Mona Lisa's pursed smiling lips happen to be the back of a strong man with clear lines and the corner of his left arm and elbow; besides, expressing the beauty of the human body and calling for the awakening of humanity are both the master's His philosophy of life is also his artistic outlook. Indeed, people will get different feelings when viewing this painting from different angles and under different lights. The smile is sometimes gentle, sometimes serene and serious, sometimes a little sad, and sometimes a bit sarcastic and teasing. The mysterious smile reveals the mysterious and unpredictable spiritual activities of the characters. Over the centuries, new interpretations of "smile" have emerged. For example, the reason why the smile does not reveal the white teeth is because the prototype is elegant and beautiful but has poor speech; the prototype is melancholy and unhappy due to the death of his beloved daughter, and it is difficult to hide the sadness; even worse, the Mona Lisa was pushed down from the throne of a noble lady. , reducing the prototype to a prostitute, so the smile is full of ridicule and teasing. Dr. Joseph Baukowsky of Maryland, USA, believes: "Mona Lisa is not smiling at all. Her facial expression is a typical indication that she wants to hide that she has no front teeth." Jean Jacques, a brain surgeon in Lyon, France ·Dr. Condette believes that Mona Lisa has just suffered a stroke. Please see, the muscles in half of her face are loose, and her face is crooked, so she appears to be smiling. British doctor Dr. Kenneth Gaye believes Mona Lisa is pregnant. He based this on the fact that she had a satisfied look on her face, her skin was fresh and her hands were folded on her belly. Sexology experts speculate that Mona Lisa had just experienced an orgasm, so she showed a smile that attracted the world. There is also an almost nonsense theory: her expression looks like she is intoxicated after taking aniline, which is a pleasure hormone produced in the human body after eating chocolate. Few people believed this statement because there was no chocolate at that time. In the painting, the horizon on the left is lower than the right, and the left side of the Mona Lisa looks larger than the right. Historically, the left side represents women, reflecting Leonardo's admiration for women. In fact, the Mona Lisa and Leonardo da Vinci's self-portrait have many similarities. In Egyptian legend, the god in charge of male genitals is called Amon, and the god in charge of female genitals is called Isis - ancient text It was once pronounced as L'ISA in the novel, so Mona Lisa implies AMON L'ISA, that is, Mona Lisa is neither a man nor a woman, but a fusion of both genders. Mona Lisa’s smile is actually a painting of the Doomsday Judgment. We can copy the picture and flip it horizontally and align the edges of the picture to see the approval throne and the angel. [Edit this paragraph] The mystery of the authenticity of the "Mona Lisa" According to previous reports, Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" is collected in the Louvre Museum in Paris. However, there is a saying in the collecting community that the one hanging in the Louvre is not the "Mona Lisa". The real "Mona Lisa" is on the wall of an apartment in London. Dr. Pulitzer, the custodian of this apartment and the work, said that after the "Mona Lisa" was completed, the work stayed at Lisa de Zogon's house.

Later, another nobleman asked Leonardo da Vinci to paint a portrait of his mistress. This woman, known as "La Gioconda" (meaning "the smiling one"), looked very similar to the Mona Lisa. . So, in a moment of laziness, Leonardo da Vinci replaced the face of the Mona Lisa with La Gioconda. After the painting was completed, the nobleman abandoned La Gioconda and did not buy the painting. Later, Leonardo da Vinci went to France at the invitation of Francis I and brought this painting with him. Pulitzer said that it was the portraits of La Gioconda that added to the brilliance of the Louvre. "Mona Lisa" later traveled to England and was bought by William Blake, a museum curator and art connoisseur, at the beginning of this century. Later, it was acquired by a Swiss consortium, of which Pulitzer was a member. At the beginning of this century, many people copied and forged famous works of art on a large scale. There was reason to suspect that the one in London was a fake. However, Dr. Pulitzer was convinced of the authenticity of his painting. He used microphotography to confirm that the fingerprints on the London painting were the same as those on other Leonardo da Vinci works; according to records, Mona Lisa was 19 years younger than La Giocondo and was painted wearing a The Veil of Mourning, of the two paintings, only the London one shows a younger woman wearing a beautiful veil; another evidence is that Raphael made a sketch when Leonardo da Vinci painted this painting , there are two columns behind the Mona Lisa in the sketch. These two columns appear in the London portrait, while the background of the Louvre painting is cliffs, paths, stone bridges, trees and gurgling water. Over the centuries, many collectors have claimed to have as many as 60 real Mona Lisas in their collections. What’s even more interesting is that the Bertrand Museum of Art in Maine, USA, received a painting called “Mona Lisa without Smiling” in 1984. It was determined that this painting was indeed painted by Leonardo da Vinci. The characters in the painting Except she doesn't smile, she looks exactly like Mona Lisa herself. Experts speculate that this "Mona Lisa without Smiling" may be a draft painted by the author at the same time. There is also a theory that the "Mona Lisa" currently in the Louvre Museum is a fake, based on the theft that occurred in 1911. During that theft, the Mona Lisa was stolen. Two years later, it appeared in Italy, but the columns on both sides of the screen behind the Mona Lisa had been cut away. A few years later, the Mona Lisa was returned to the Louvre. However, many experts believe that this recovery is just a smoke screen. The real "Mona Lisa" has been purchased by a wealthy collector for a large sum of money, and the one hanging in the Louvre is just a fake. [Edit this paragraph] The mystery of the background of "Mona Lisa" Carlo Pedretti, a professor at the University of California, believes that the background behind the Mona Lisa is the scenery near the Brianno Bridge in Arezzo, central Italy. Pedretti's evidence is that Leonardo da Vinci was born in the town of Vinci, about 100 kilometers away from Arezzo, and once lived in Arezzo. The primitive landscape of this area is the same as the background of the "Mona Lisa" Almost exactly the same, it is possible that Leonardo da Vinci used the pastoral scenery of this area as the background for the Mona Lisa. When Pedretti's view was announced at the International Symposium on Leonardo da Vinci's Painting, many art history experts affirmed his research results. [Edit this paragraph] The mystery of the cause of death of the character in the painting According to records, Lisa di Gherardini (the character in the painting) died of depression at the age of 46, but a Japanese cardiologist said he found the Mona Lisa There is a yellow spot on his left eye, which is a sign of high cholesterol levels. This Japanese cardiologist said Mona Lisa should have died of myocardial infarction. [