How to set the page number of thesis in word2003 1 and how to set the page number of graduation thesis: Select Insert in the menu bar, enter the footer option, and click Edit Footer in the pop-up window.
2. Page number setting of graduation thesis: Next, design options will appear in the menu bar. Click the page number and select the bottom of the page in the pop-up window. At this time, various styles will appear at the bottom. Generally, the middle page number will be selected, that is, the ordinary number 2 will be selected.
3. Click the common number 2 option, and the footer will appear.
4. Graduation thesis sometimes needs to use other page numbers instead of ordinary Arabic numerals. At this time, we need to click the format page number option in the page number option.
5. In the Page Number Format window, select the page number format, start the page number, and then click OK.
6. Finally, the numbers appear in the footer.
A paper on life, a sad song of life.
abstract
The arduous journey to a stable home is the basic motif of Zhang Ailing's novel creation, and almost all women's life trajectories in her novels are also launched from this. In order to be stable, on the one hand, they are busy with men, on the other hand, they have to compete fiercely with other women around them for security. However, after several flights, they finally moved towards the distortion and alienation of human nature.
Zhang Ailing's stable life and alienation of human nature.
For Zhang Ailing, someone once commented like this: Only she can bear dazzling noise and extreme loneliness at the same time. ? Indeed, Zhang Ailing is a unique and charming figure in the history of modern literature. However, throughout her life, we can find that under her legendary life and extreme personality, what is hidden is the normal heart of an ordinary woman, that is, the strong desire for a stable life. In those days, what did she promise on the marriage certificate with Hu Lancheng? May the years be quiet and the world be stable? Desire and what did she say when she decided to break up with it? You don't give me stability? . Family life in foreign countries and Yala further illustrates this point. In Zhang Ailing's view, the stable side of life is human divinity, which can also be said to be female. It exists in all times and has eternal significance. And then what? A good work, or the stability of life to describe the flight of life? Therefore, it can be said that the arduous journey to a stable home is not only Zhang Ailing's ultimate life ideal, but also the life pursuit shared by almost all women in her novels. In order to be stable, on the one hand, they launched a fierce pursuit of men, even if they gave everything and sacrificed everything; On the other hand, for the sake of security, we have to be different from everyone except men while making concessions to men? A woman starts a scene? A serious and unknown struggle? . However, driven by desire and depressed by gloomy social and cultural environment, they finally went to the distortion and alienation of human nature.
First, the difficulty of seeking stability.
Zhang Ailing seems to have extraordinary insight into the world. Born in a noble family, she experienced the decline of her family. Living in a noble family, she never experienced the warmth of her family, especially what she saw and heard in the Hong Kong War? Apart from all the floating prose, eat drink man woman seems to be the only one left. If human civilization tries to jump out of the circle of pure animal life, are thousands of years of efforts in vain? That's the truth. ? (3) In her view, the pursuit of eat drink man woman, that is, a stable life, is the life instinct of all people, especially women, regardless of ancient and modern times. It is this understanding of a woman's nature that makes her highly respected? Mother Earth? . Mother Earth is the mother of the earth. She? Reflects the basic experience of human beings about life and death, survival and extinction? ④ Represents the most basic diet and reproduction. What is active in Zhang Ailing's works is such a group of primitive, secular, with? Mother earth root bud? That woman. What's more, in troubled times, the harsh living environment is like a magic mirror, which completely returns them to their original shape and nature. Therefore, they don't have too many extravagant hopes and desires for life, but their basic desires for life: eating and reproduction, that is, the stability and harmony of life. What they want is. Man's love? And then what? Is it safe? That's all. No wonder Su Qinghui, her good friend and female writer, boldly put Confucius' famous words? Eat drink man woman, what is people's greatest desire? Reread the sentence as? What are the great desires of men and women who eat and drink? (5) It is more appropriate to use this sentence to express them.
Bai Liusu, a divorced woman who couldn't bear the abuse and wandered boldly in the communication field, once she lost material security, she immediately threw herself into another round of chasing men. For men, she can forget sisterhood, ignore the status of a lady, and even bite her teeth and endure all kinds of cynicism from her family; For that? Quite violent and unreasonable enthusiasm? In order to please an unworthy man, Ge Weilong did not hesitate to betray himself? Communication? , become? Make money? Tools, in front of her, nothing exists except this beloved man; Jade Qing, a rich family in Hongluanxi, just found the son of a nouveau riche, still? Rejoice for getting married? , and her five cousins who are going to get married, are led by their mothers to make a collective appearance at the first opportunity, putting on airs and posing; Looking at Jiang Jize, who has brought endless pain to Cao, her only psychological activity is to sincerely repent herself. He is not a good person, and she is not ignorant. If she wants him, she has to play dumb and tolerate his bad behavior. Why should she expose his women who are suffering from love and trapped by money? They regard men as a lifeline. But in the desperate pursuit, most of them have a clear understanding of men's infidelity and infidelity, but will Ge understand? George's pursuit of her was only a momentary pleasure. Maybe he does this to any girl? Cao also said to him:? A man's heart changes as he says. ? However, in spite of this, they still don't change their original intention, even if someone like Ge wants it? Go back and start over? A new life? But for her? A new life is a new person. Nisi in the cartoon is an example.
Driven by the blind desire for stability, women in Zhang Ailing's novels pursue and rely on men to an unbounded extent. For them, men's love and non-love, abandonment and abandonment are the only criteria to determine their survival significance and life value. Just like in Love in a Fallen City, a woman, no matter how excellent, can't get the love of the opposite sex or the respect of the same sex. ? And then what? The man gave her some good color to see see, she was so happy! ? For this reason, they either chase men crazily or try their best to stick to men. Even new women who have received new education and achieved independent personality cannot fundamentally change this situation. ? Have a beautiful figure and please people with it; There is not much difference between having beautiful thoughts and pleasing people with them. . Wu Cuiyuan in Blockade, a figure who teaches in a university and breaks a new record in women's career, has finally come true? Women's education is nothing more than that? The important thing is to find a man. What about Meng Yan? He is the sky? , is everything to her, even if this man hates her and tortures her, she will be like a? A ghost who can't show his face? Be timid and persevering with him.
Pleasing healthy people is the oldest occupation in the world and the most common occupation for women. ? All housewives portrayed by Zhang Ailing, regardless of status, identity, experience and temperament, are engaged in the same occupation, that is, chasing men for stability and enduring pain for men. The formation of this attachment psychology, of course, has its social and historical reasons first, that is, the feudal patriarchal clan system and patriarchal culture with thousands of years of history enslaved and persecuted women. However, looking at all her works, we can find that these women show not simple pain, but enthusiastic yearning and intoxication for their own dependence. It can be seen that the formation of attachment psychology is not only restricted by external environment, but also their conscious pursuit. Zhang ailing once made it clear:? The reason why women are conquered and become slaves in a patriarchal society is that their physical strength is not as good as that of men. But men's physical strength is not as good as wolves, tigers and leopards. Why didn't they give in to animals in the process of natural selection? It can be seen that it is not enough to blame others. ? Among them? There must be some active ingredients, right? 6. Their poor living conditions and strong desire for stability make their spirit shrink completely, and their attachment to men becomes their conscious pursuit and active struggle and penetrates into the bone marrow. No wonder Zhang Ailing will be saddened: women talk about men all their lives, miss men, and always complain about men. ? ⑦
Second, fierce and stable competition.
There is a line in Coming and Going: A man's greatest enemy is not a woman, but a fellow soldier in a trench! ? If you change the men and women in this sentence a little, it will become? A woman's greatest enemy is not a man, but a woman like herself! ? Indeed, there is a natural hostile relationship between women. The same status, similar situation and similar mood make women regard their peers as their competitors and objects of struggle. In this regard, Zhang Ailing is deeply touched. She once said: It seems inevitable for peers to be jealous, not to mention all women. All women are colleagues. ? This point is also vividly reflected in her novels. It is human nature to pursue happiness and avoid pain, and it is a psychological fact that everyone can see and cannot deny. For women in Zhang Ailing's novels, men are symbols of stability and happiness. To this end, they do not hesitate to devote all their strength, bear great pain and physical and mental harm, and try their best to attach themselves to men. However, even if you are attached to a man, can you get it safely? Often unsafe, how often will it be destroyed? . Indeed, the unreasonable modern marriage system not only makes these women often see neither lust nor desire for survival, but also has to endure the potential threat of losing men at any time brought by other women. Women's life instinct is extremely suppressed. However, repression itself cannot make their desires disappear. On the contrary, the more severely suppressed they are, the more they will seek a breakthrough through abnormal ways. The strong desire for stability and the failure to get what they want and the reality they want have pushed them into a state of anxiety and even madness, prompting them to blindly point the finger at other women in the same situation around them and wage a bloody struggle against them mercilessly. They went from being eaten to cannibalism.
The fifth wife in Little Ai is a typical example. She can do anything for Wuye: grovel and bear the burden of humiliation. However, it was she who hit the girl mercilessly. Especially after learning that the girl, Xiao Ai, was with her fifth master, the fifth wife's pent-up emotions broke out crazily for many years. Women who are in extreme anxiety of losing their self-identity often regard the women around them as the objects of fighting for rights, status and men, not to mention this fear is confirmed. Aunt Fei Yi's thoughts after learning this news are very typical: I have been looking forward to having a child for years, but I have never realized it. If Xiao Ai really gave birth to a child, it would be justified to be a concubine, which will inevitably affect my status. ? This is not what the fifth wife thinks.
In the Heart Sutra, Duan Lingqing, a classmate of Han Xiao, is anxious to get married, even at any cost? Everyone can do it? And because of the only relative? The reason why mother and sister-in-law are jealous is difficult, just as she said: they are widows, no one, no money and no education. I, at least I have a future. They hate me, though they don't know it. ? After the divorce, tassel has been celibate. It is their sharp and pungent ridicule, especially the fourth grandmother's mother's few words, that forces her to fight for her only remaining youth, and finally she gets lost in the pursuit of this marriage and becomes Fan Liuyuan's third child. Su Qing once said: This is an adventurous love story of a timid daughter who is forced by her family. ? ⑧
In order to be stable, Zhang Ailing's novels have no mother and daughter, no mother-in-law, no sister-in-law, no sisters and uncles, and the human relationship based on blood relationship is often simplified as the relationship between women. Only hatred and competition, fighting between trapped animals in a dark room? In Flower Xie, the daughters of the Zheng family know that no one can be trusted. They are on their own. In front of people, they are bosom sisters, but behind their backs, they are constantly fighting with each other. In Heart Sutra, Xu Xiaohan and his mother have always been in a hostile position. To her, they are just two women who love the same man? What does it feel like to be with her mother? A wave of intense disgust and fear? . In "Eighteen Springs", Man Lu, who was frustrated in marriage and attached to her first love, regarded her as a rival in love when she saw the desk lamp and books that her sister gave to her first love. Out of jealousy, but also to save the poor thing? Is it safe? This woman, who gave everything for her family, finally sacrificed her sister to give birth to a child and was inhumanely locked up for nearly a year. ? Strugglers lose the harmony of life and seek new harmony? Man Zhen is the victim of Manlu's search for a new harmonious life.
Zhang ailing said:? Women hate a person for much longer than men. ? Bad women are often worse than bad men. ? In fact, women's hatred of women is not only more lasting than men's, but also more intense and horrible. This sentence has obviously been verified by Cao. In order to protect the gold and white I bought with the happiness of my life? The only man in her life, she can leave everything behind. Under her struggle, the daughters-in-law of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac came to a dead end one after another in less than a few years. Even her own daughter, Chang 'an, failed to escape bad luck. She cut off the road to happiness in the future. ? For thirty years, she wore a gold cangue. She killed several people with that heavy cangue horn, and those who didn't die also lost half their lives. ? However, guarding the long platinum bought with several lives, she failed to escape the emptiness and loneliness in her heart. Needless to say, life is desolate, empty, sad and bitter.
Zhang ailing said:? I don't like heroes I like solemn and stirring, and I prefer desolation. ? Tragedy is a completion, while desolation is a revelation. ? Indeed, the women in her works are not tragedies, but desolate. In order to achieve the stability of their lives, they devoted all their strength and gave full play to their personal intelligence to strive for, make unremitting efforts and seek extensively, and also suffered tremendous pressure, great pain and physical and mental harm. However, what is the reality? Dirty, complicated and unreasonable? They were seriously threatened by the feudal system and patriarchal culture with thousands of years of history. In this cultural background, women have neither independent economic status nor independent political status, and their low social status makes it impossible for them to obtain independent personality and value. They only exist as accessories of men, and their desire for a stable life naturally cannot be reasonably realized and satisfied by their own strength. And then what? Because desire is essentially an irrational existence of human beings, it encourages human beings to keep forging ahead in order to satisfy themselves, and at the same time it often leads human beings to the road of destruction, resistance and destruction? Attending the women in Zhang Ailing's novels are just like this. On the one hand, they have a strong but irrational desire for life, on the other hand, they are suppressed and restricted by the cold and harsh social and cultural environment. In the process of this double pressure and the constant conflict between them, in the end, they not only go further and further on the stable road of life, but even can't grasp their own destiny, which leads to the distortion and alienation of human nature. It is precisely because of this fact that Zhang Ailing can't help feeling infinitely: In a word, life is cruel. I always feel infinite pain when I see our shrinking and timid wishes. ?
① Biography of Yu Bin and Zhang Ailing [M]. Hainan: Hainan International Press and Publication Center, 1993. P3。
② Zhang Ailing. Your own article? Complete works of Zhang ailing. The volume is 3[ meters]. Harbin: Harbin Publishing House, 2003. P 14。
(3) Zhang Ailing. Ember Yu Lu? Complete works of Zhang ailing. The volume is 3[ meters]. Harbin: Harbin Publishing House, 2003. P32。
4 [Germany] Wendell. The feminist theological landscape [M]. Beijing: Life? Reading? Xinzhi Sanlian Bookstore, 1995.p5 1.
⑤ Quoted from Biography of Yu Bin and Zhang Ailing [M]. Hainan International Press and Publication Center, 1993. P 175。
6. Zhang Ailing. Talking about women? Complete works of Zhang ailing. The volume is 3[ meters]. Harbin: Harbin Publishing House, 2003. P62。
⑦ Zhang Ailing. Is there a lesbian car? Complete works of Zhang ailing. Volume 1 [M]. Harbin: Harbin Publishing House, 2003. P99。
Su Qing. Read "Love in a Fallen City" [A]. Comment on Zhang Ailing's Sixty Years [C]. China Overseas Chinese Publishing House. 200 1 year. P 109。
Pet-name ruby Tang Wenbiao. Step by step into a place without light? On Zhang Ailing's Early Novels [A]. Sixty years of Zhang Ailing's comments [C]. China Overseas Chinese Publishing House.2001year P292
Attending Guo Xiaohong. Desire and character? On the implication of human nature in Zhang Ailing's novels [J]. Journal of Teachers College of Shanxi University, No.4, 2000, p.23..
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