The first time I saw the title of this book, I felt that the title was awkward, and I only ordered it because of inertia. I finished reading the book not long after I arrived, but nothing happened during the Spring Festival. It was Mr Yu Yi who wrote the preface, and he spoke highly of this series. I have always liked Mr. Yu Yi because she is frank, wise and instructive. She said that the compilation of this set of readers can show the author's intention and persistence. The middle school stage is a crucial period for the formation of people's values, ways of thinking and personality. What to read and how to read it affect their choice of value orientation, the exercise and development of thinking, and the gradual formation and improvement of their thinking, morality, personality, temperament, knowledge and ability.
The writer is Yu Dangxu, a special Chinese teacher in Shanghai. This set of books (four volumes in total) is teacher Yu's summary of 10 years of experience in speculative reading teaching. From this, we can see Mr. Yu's skill of reading extensively, selecting, eliminating and summarizing.
This book is divided into five parts: people, history, thoughts, classics and social situation. A total of 32 contemporary writers and scholars were selected, including Mo Yan, Luo, Zhou, Li Jiefei, Zi Zhongyun,,, Chen Danqing,, and other famous scholars. I have read all 32 articles carefully and like them very much.
Every big article has a "brief" in front of it, and every article has a "reading point" behind it. Most of them are collective summaries of Mr. Yu and his students.
1. Sima Qian, the topic of life and death-Luo
Recently, I was listening to the massive open online course "Historical Records Intensive Reading", which was taught by teacher Chen Jiran of Harbin Normal University. The teacher's speech is easy to understand and grounded. Luo's article is derived from Sima Qian's letter to Ren An. Sima Qian, who was greatly humiliated in the world, said, "The first is too humiliating, the second is humiliating, the third is humiliating, the fourth is humiliating, the fifth is humiliating clothes, the sixth is humiliating Guan Musuo, and the seventh is shaving his head to send a baby." "At this time, if you don't want to accept castration, you can also choose the death penalty. It is easy for Sima Qian to die, and death can end all this. Life or death has become the most difficult choice for Sima Qian.
In order to complete the historical records of "studying the relationship between heaven and man, linking the changes from ancient times to modern times and becoming a family statement", Sima Qian resolutely chose to live. "If you live in the house, you will die. If you leave, you won't know what to do." Every time I think of shame, my back sweats. "He proved that the power of thought is enough to despise the sacred and unreasonable authority of the emperor's vanity.
It is precisely because of the immortal historical records that Sima Qian declared with his own thoughts and personality that the world will be completely submerged by brazen lies, power is omnipotent and justice is nothingness.
You can destroy my body, but you can't deprive me of my dignity and pride.
2. The muddleheaded life is worthless-Zhou.
Speaking of Socrates, the ancient Greek philosopher, I only know that he has a shrew wife, but Socrates is very satisfied and happy with his wife. One of his students, Plato, wrote a book, Dialogues, about the teacher's court debate and the scenes and dialogues of his happy death. I bought this book before, read it so-so, and forgot it for many years.
Whether God exists or not, we should live like God exists, care about our souls, examine our lives, and pay attention to the meaning of life more than life itself, so as to live a valuable life.
3. Please think about Washington-Wang Kailing.
Before and after the American War of Independence, great social shocks and radical ideological changes took place, and a large number of immortal geniuses emerged, such as Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, Patrick Henry, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, john adams, alexander hamilton and james madison. . . . Common sense, declaration of independence, on freedom and necessity, give me liberty or give me death, and so on.
Some historians have said that Washington laid the foundation for the American Revolution, while Jefferson was thinking about it.
4. The death of Shang Junli Jaffe
Since Shang Jun's hand, the personal evil has become the institutional evil.
5. Ruan Ji cried three times-Xie
Fang's Biography of Ruan Ji recorded Ruan Ji's three cries, including his mother's cry, his daughter's death without marriage, and his three tears because of poverty.
Ruan Ji is one of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, and his father Ruan Yu is one of the Seven Sages of Jian 'an. He was a figure in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. His words and deeds are contradictory outside Ruan Ji, and he expresses his inner dissatisfaction and struggle with grotesque actions. Three crying is "borrowing someone else's glass and pouring a piece into your chest." "
Ideals are like grass buds pinned down by boulders, but no sharp gaps can be found. If you don't cry at this time, when will it wait?
The real tragedy of Ruan Ji's life is that the purity of his heart can't accommodate the filth of the society at that time.
6. Li Bai on paper-Zhu Yong
Historian Mr. Xu Zhuoyun said: "The ancient' China' was not a border, but the border was not in geography, but in culture."
Li Bai's poems are part of the life memory of each of us in China, and they are our genes and blood cells. For example, passing on the spiritual code of our nation.
Li Bai is from the sky, so his interlocutors are the sun, the moon, the desert and the river.
Mr. Li Changzhi said in the Biography of Li Bai: "We can't assert that Li Bai is fickle than Du Fu, because their spiritual forms are really different. In Du Fu's view, they are profound and broad, so they can tolerate everything. In Li Bai's place, it is strong and powerful, so it can surpass everything. "
Only in absolute loneliness can you find your absolute self.
The greatest art, without exception, is to realize oneself in the greatest loneliness.
7. About Su Shi-Japanese, Kojiro, Ji Chuan
At that time, Su Shi's bosom friends had spread all over the surrounding countries. After a thousand years, there were only many bosom friends left.
This is a poem written by Su Shi on New Year's Eve at the end of the year when he was a general in Hangzhou. Pity for prisoners in prison reminds me of a poem by the great poet Du Fu, urging relatives to promise the old woman next door to play dates, and Wu Lang again:
In Wutai Poetry Case, Su Shi sent his brother's poems to prison:
The Lord is like the sky and everything is spring, and I forget myself. It's even more tiring to pay off debts after a hundred years.
Buried bones are green hills, and rain alone hurts the body. It is more important to be brothers with you for life.
Yingzhou chubeizi oil
Don't turn your face near, and don't touch your chest and cry. If you don't meet at close range, it's thousands of miles away. Life is not parting, but love is heavy. At first, Wan Qiu danced with children with clothes in her arms.
I knew I had this hatred, so I stayed in the autumn wind. The autumn wind has passed, don't hate it forever. Asked when I would come back, I said I was in the East. Clutch cycle, sorrow and joy overlap.
It's a big breath to realize this. I was born like a flying canopy. Too much trouble leads to early gray hair, not six hairs and one Weng.
8. The Death of Fang Xiaoru and Bruno-Purple Cloud
I have read a set of five books by Teacher Zi, but I can't buy the official edition. Although I have seen this film, it is still worth reading again.
Many people are unwilling to admit the fact that China's traditional culture lacks scientific spirit. . . . Technology does not stay in science, because without theory, it cannot be extrapolated and popularized. Technology is just a means.
Whether to face the world positively with an open mind and absorb all the outstanding achievements of human civilization, or to stand still, build barriers and passively welcome and refuse depends on our vision and mind.
9. Bai Xiude and Rey, the Great Famine in the Central Plains in1940s.
Due to years of neglect and obsession with online writing, I don't even know people like Ray and Zi Zhongyun. Since reading his why history is here, it seems to open the eyes of another world and make a multi-dimensional observation. It was an American journalist who first reported the Great Famine in the Central Plains. He was not afraid of power and bravely exposed it, and finally stopped the disaster from getting worse in some ways.
"This disaster is completely man-made. If the authorities are willing, they can control the famine at any time. "
Inequality of rights and interests, opaque information, lack of self-argument and unpopularity of political governance system are the main reasons why famine aggravates poverty and hunger and leads to a large number of deaths. In the absence of great disasters, people often don't care about the role and significance of man and God. Perhaps only in the face of the serious consequences of the disaster can people realize the importance of the people and the Lord.
Deep reflection on major disasters is often an important help to social reform and progress. Only in this sense can difficulties "enrich the country", and what a nation has lost today can be made up by tomorrow's progress.
10. Mixed feelings-Luo Jinyu
Specialism runs counter to the concepts of "natural human rights" and "self-reliance, equality and love" because ideological enlightenment lags far behind other aspects. While there are a large number of philosophers and scientists in Germany, there are no more influential thinkers.
If a nation or a country wants to become a respected power, its cornerstone is to have rational, free-thinking and independent citizens. If most of the people in this country are anti-intellectual and anti-rational, and lack basic common sense, it can't be considered as a national blessing in any case, but what we need to understand is the root cause?
1 1. A survey of post-war Hu Ping society.
What is a face full of Japanese characteristics?
They are warm and indifferent, full and empty, firm and ambiguous, nervous and confused.
In the eyes of the German public, the symbolic event of World War II was the Nazi massacre of 6 million European Jews, not the Allied bombing of Berlin and the famous cultural city Dresden. In the hearts of the Japanese people, the events that history must always remember are the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, not the Nanjing Massacre.
12. Thoughts in uniforms-Zhao Gang
For Hitler, under his rule, not only everyone had to wear uniforms, but also his thoughts had to wear uniforms.
In a country with extreme power and monopoly, all propaganda must serve the same goal, and all propaganda tools should be coordinated to influence the people in one direction and cause the ideological integration of all people. In Nazi Germany, all sources of current news were effectively controlled by one controller. The uniqueness of information sources gives propagandists like Xi Teller the right to selectively shape people's thoughts according to their own wishes.
For most people, it is not difficult to lose independent thinking, but it is difficult. While most people lose their independent thinking, a few people who still have doubts and critical tendencies must remain silent.
The plan and goal put forward by the expert-master of extremist forces-the unity of justice-ruler are sacred, beyond doubt and criticism. All public criticism and even doubts about this purpose and means must be banned.
The tragedy of unified thought lies in that it pushes the power and prestige of reason to the supreme position, but it ends in destroying reason; At the same time, under the oppression of authority, people's status is insignificant.
Man's greatness lies not in his position and wealth, but in his thoughts. So don't forget at any time that fighting for your own reasons is fighting for the country's reasons, and fighting for your own rights and interests is fighting for the country's rights and interests. . . .
Deprivation of the rights and interests of the thinking dimension is essentially deprivation of the self-rationality of the essential spirit, which makes people lose the rights and interests and ability of thinking. Without thinking, there is no hope for a nation that has lost its ability to think and test.
13. pants revolution and culture-Xu
Culture, like water, is mobile in nature. The acceleration of cultural communication is the inevitable trend of globalization, and cultural convergence is the inevitable result of communication.
(Qing Dynasty), sitting in a well and watching the sky, was arrogant and obsessed with Chinese centralism. The people were progressing and developing. They were drinking in the dark and intoxicated by the splendid civilization of 5,000 years.
(Change) China people no longer wear woolen clothes that remind them of their different ideas, shapes and attitudes, but wear suits and smile like them, indicating that they are defenders of the existing international order rather than challengers.
We should be alert to whether there is a kind of conceit behind national pride, thinking that we don't have to hide our strength. If so, it is a misjudgment of the situation, which does more harm than good.
A mature nation should be rational, modest and confident. She dares to admit her own shortcomings and is not afraid to absorb other people's good culture. Yelang's arrogance is not national self-confidence, but a manifestation of self-distrust, which is harmful to the country and the nation. It is a kind of pseudo-patriotism and must be abandoned.
The core of culture lies in values and lifestyle. In the ordinary life, in the boring street, in the alternation and turning point of life, China people's right and wrong, good and evil, life and death are all in it. The will to survive and the spirit of struggle at the bottom are important contents of the national spirit.
14. Storyteller-Mo Yan
In everyone's mind, there is a hazy zone that is difficult to accurately define right and wrong, good and evil, and this zone is the vast world where writers can display their talents. As long as it accurately and vividly describes this hazy area full of contradictions, it must clearly transcend politics and governance and have the quality of excellent literature.
A person should be modest and give in in daily life, but in literary creation, he should be bossy and independent.
15. Cold wind blowing-Liu Liangcheng
Sweep the yard clean, inadvertently like ushered in a long-lost VIP-sweep away some things in life, make a clean place for snowflakes falling.
When a person's years are as empty as the wilderness, he can't take care of himself.
We cannot see all the snowflakes in one's life. Everyone spends the winter alone in his own life. We can't help anyone.
I dare not yell at the cows, lest more cold find me. From that night on, I learned to hide the warmth-in the cold wind, the little warmth in my body is retreating to a hidden distance that I can't even find myself-and I will be thrifty with this hidden warmth in my love and life for many years to come. My relatives all say that I am a very cold person. No, I gave you all my warmth. ———